Yes, it's a form of expression of medieval poetry. The strict duality in poetry is called duality. The antithesis mainly includes the antithesis of words and sentences. Dueling is often used in parallel prose.
Dueling is also called team warfare and platoon warfare. It puts words with similar or opposite concepts in corresponding positions, so that they set off each other, make sentences more attractive and increase the expressive force of words. Confrontation is like a ceremonial ceremony of the government, opposing each other. Duantithesis is closely related to the parallel connection in the Han and Wei dynasties, which can be said to be developed from parallel connection, and Duantithesis itself should also be a parallel connection.
The specific contents of the antithesis of metrical poems are as follows: first, the upper and lower sentences must be opposed; Secondly, the sentence patterns of relational sentences should be the same, and the syntactic structures should be consistent, such as subject-predicate structure versus subject-predicate structure, partial structure versus partial structure, and predicate-complement structure versus predicate-complement structure. The sentence structure of some antithetical sentences is not necessarily the same, but the words are required to be relative. Thirdly, the parts of speech (parts of speech) of words are required to be consistent, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, etc. The lexical meaning of words should be the same. As nouns, words that belong to the same meaning range, such as astronomy, geography, palace, clothing, utensils, animals, plants, human body, behavior and action, can all be correct. The use of duality is wide and strict, so there are many types, including working pair, adjacent pair, wide pair, borrowing pair, running pair and sector equivalence. In terms of content, there are names such as right, right, right and opposition.
Mutual tolerance
An antithesis of modern poetic style. It is a relative concept with workers' pair. Wide antithesis is an untidy antithesis. Generally speaking, as long as the sentence patterns are the same and the parts of speech of words are the same, duality can be formed. This kind of confrontation is generally called "leniency".
Tolerance is slightly wider than adjacent tolerance pairs. For example, nouns generally use nouns and adjectives use adjectives. For example, the second couplet of Huang Luzhi's poem "Answering the Longmen Scholar", "The bright moon is cool and the breeze is good, and the light autumn fat horse is Xie Ercao" is a generous pair.
Opposite neighbor
One of the contrasts of modern poetry. A pair of words with similar meanings are called "adjacent pairs". The so-called semantic categories are similar, astronomy and seasons, geography and palaces, utensils and clothing, plants and animals, orientation and quantity. When these words with similar meanings are used as a pair, they are adjacent pairs.
For example, there are two sentences in Bai Juyi's "Gan Chun": "The grass is green and the water is near, and the head is white." Grass is different from head, water is different from flowers, and land is different from people, which can be regarded as adjacent pairs.
Fight with each other
Self-pair is also called a kind of antithesis. Some words in a sentence are self-dual, which is called self-pair.
For example, the poem quoted in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Essays: "Mir Pingyang Lianlan is in Vaughan Palace. The pool light may be messy. At first, the sun's air was dry. But I feel that bees are dancing around butterflies, and I don't know that the lonely phoenix is far away from Luan, Samsung is spinning three mountains, and Zifu is far away. "
There are many antonyms in the poem, for example, in the second sentence, Qin Lou is facing the Han Palace and the tile is facing the plate; The fifth sentence, bees swim against the butterfly; The sixth sentence, solitary phoenix to solitary phoenix and so on.
I'm sorry
A way of antithesis in modern poetry, or fake antithesis. It achieves the goal of neat confrontation by borrowing meaning or sound. There are two ways to borrow money.
1, borrowing meaning is to use the ambiguity of a word to form a confrontation with the corresponding word through a certain meaning of a word. For example, Du Fu's "Qujiang" poem: "Wine and debt together, life is seventy years old." The word "ordinary" has many meanings, one is "ordinary" and the other is "eight-foot search, double search is ordinary". The former is a general adverb and the latter is a quantifier. Here the numeral "seventy" uses its original quantitative meaning, while the poem uses its adverbial meaning. This is "borrowing meaning".
2. Borrowing sound is to use the homonym relationship between words to express the second word (word) with the word A (word). For example, the sentence uses the word A, and the sentence should have used the word B with the same meaning as A, but using the word B is not appropriate in the whole sense. So I chose a C word with the same pronunciation as the A word but related to its meaning to form a confrontation. Yu Yang's "Yi Lao Tang Shi Hua" said: "Hong Juefan's" Chu Tian Ban Ji "is accurate in syntax. Among them, the borrowed words, such as" the medicine of the residual spring is there, the son cries all day ",are red (harmonious purple); For example,' I've lived in the mountains for ten years, and I'm moving tomorrow', and I'm moving ten pairs (Harmony Thousand), all under cover. For a moment, there were many people in the Tang Dynasty, so why bother? " This article refers to "borrowing sound pairs".
Confrontation is complicated
A way of antithesis in ancient verse is independent of the position of words, and the opposing words are in a complicated situation.
For example, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty wrote a poem entitled "Beauty in the Banquet of Prime Minister Du": the skirt dragged six pieces of Xiangjiang River water, while the bun pulled a piece of Wushan Cloud, and the six pieces of Xiangjiang River were opposite to Wushan, but in different positions. This is a complicated pair.
Liu Dui water team
An antithesis of modern poetry. The flowing pair is a language structure with a certain order, which is not opposite in meaning and grammatical structure, but has a continuous relationship.
For example, there are two lines in Du Fu's poem "Hearing the lawsuit connects Henan and Hebei": "Come back from this mountain, cross another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" . They are interrelated. They must reach Wuxia from the dam in Sichuan, and then they can reach Luoyang from Xiangyang. The order cannot be reversed. On the other hand, the relationship between sentences is that the next sentence follows the previous sentence to form a sequential complex sentence, and the words used in these two sentences constitute duality. This duality is like running water, which flows from upstream to downstream, so it is called "running water pair".
Fight with each other
Crossing hands is a defect in the antithesis of metrical poems. In a poem, the words used in a sentence are basically synonymous or completely synonymous, and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences are repeated, as if two palms are together, so this kind of confrontation is called "fighting".
Crossing your hands is something you should avoid when fighting. In Wen Xin Diao Long, Liu Xie called this antithesis "positive antithesis", which is a poor antithesis. He made it clear in his article: "So, there are four pairs of kind words. Easier said than done; Opposition is superior and correctness is not good. " For example, the poem "First Arriving in Huangmei" in the Song Dynasty says: "Cold food will stop, and it is already late spring on the way". Ji Yun's "mistakes in the publication of Yingkui Law" commented: "On the way, immediately, in late spring, cold food, it is not easy to cross hands."
The requirement of word antithesis is that the meaning of words must belong to the same category, such as mountains and rivers to mountains and rivers, vegetation to vegetation and so on. ; Parts of speech must be basically the same, such as noun to noun, verb to verb, etc. Leveling must be relative, that is, leveling or leveling; The structure must be symmetrical, that is, simple words to simple words and compound words to compound words; In addition, we should avoid antonyms of the same word.
The antithesis of sentence patterns is mainly the same sentence structure, such as subject-predicate phrase to subject-predicate phrase and verb-object phrase to verb-object phrase.
Contradiction can make poetry appear neat and symmetrical in form and meaning, giving people a sense of beauty, which is a unique artistic means of Chinese.
The law of duality in metrical poems;
(1) The sentence is opposite to the dialogue;
(2) Sentences and antitheses cannot be repeated.
Two lines in Chairman Mao's "Long March" poem: "Jinsha River hits the clouds and cliffs warmly, and Dadu Bridge crosses the tracks coldly", which conforms to the standard of formal poetry antithesis.