Half of the rivers and mountains in China; From crossing mountains and rivers to serving the emperor, to winning the Central Plains and drinking horses in the Yellow River, constantly
Develop into a "world power." During this period, Chu was not only among the "five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period",
"Seven Heroes of Warring States" created Chu culture with distinctive features and rich connotations. After Qin destroyed Chu,
Domestic unification, and the influence of Chu culture in the whole cultural development of China has been passed down to this day.
Qu Yuan's Spirit and Chinese National Spirit
A nation should not only have its own national spirit, but also embody its own national spirit.
A model. Qu Yuan is such a classic that transcends time and space and embodies the spirit of the Chinese nation.
Fan.
Qu Yuan has a wide range of knowledge, and he "manages chaos with reason and clever words". Take the right path and kill yourself.
Loyalty and wisdom to serve his monarch ",during the period of being reused by Wang Huai, he tried to realize his ideal of" American politics ".
He advocated the rule of law, "empowering talents" and began to reform from the formulation of "constitutional orders"
Politics. In diplomacy, he strongly advocated changing the traditional policy of uniting Qin into the policy of uniting Qi to resist Qin. These two
Although the reform conforms to the historical reality and is beneficial to the development of Chu, it still touches some dignitaries.
And Qin's interests. So the internal and external opposition forces colluded with each other to crowd out and frame Qu Yuan.
Wang couldn't see clearly, became angry from embarrassment and alienated Qu Yuan. After Xiang Wang acceded to the throne, he listened to Short Qu Yuan.
Exile Qu Yuan in Jiangnan. However, Qu Yuan did not change his "former ambition" because he was exiled, but always did.
"Gu Chu" is an expression of "preserving the monarch and rejuvenating the country" (Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng)
Meaning, to persuade it. He hates traitors who bring disaster to the country and people, and sympathizes with people's diseases.
Admirable hero suffering, wrote a chapter of "national mourning" in "Nine Songs" and warmly praised it.
Some soldiers who died for their country. In extreme depression, he repeatedly produced "self-help by traveling"
The concept of, but still with "visiting people especially (disaster) away from the town" ("Nine Chapters Random Thoughts"); or
Because of "nostalgia for the past", I didn't leave my parents' motherland until I was martyred.
It is this persistent patriotic feeling that seems to be "instructed not to move" and "deeply rooted and more determined"
(Ode to Nine Chapters of Oranges) is a "good tree after the Emperor", which constitutes the characteristics of Qu Yuan's spirit.
For thousands of years, history has chosen Qu Yuan, a real historical figure, as the incarnation of China.
A model of national spirit. Emperors of past dynasties have focused on Qu Yuan's "loyalty to the country" (Chapter IX
Xi Yin): In the Tang Dynasty, Qu Yuan was called Zhao, while in the Song Dynasty, others took Qu Yuan as Zhao.
"Loyal and honest" and "clear and fierce", Ren Zong of Yuan Dynasty named Qu Yuan "loyal and fierce" (Old Tang Book)
Books, Song history, Yuan history, and so on. Some scholars mostly start from the perspective of Confucianism.
Liu An quoted classics to comment on Qu Yuan's spirit and his works. First, he compared Qu Yuan's Songs of the South with the Book of Songs of the Han Dynasty.
Guo Feng and Xiao Ya are neck and neck, loyal and honest to Qu Yuan, and never touch mud.
High praise of character: "Although I push this ambition, I will win glory with the sun and the moon" (Ban Gu's Li Sao)
Preface). In Song Dynasty, Chao believed that Qu Yuan loved Jun and "hanged himself to death, and could not bear to leave".
In his words, "The Six Classics of True Wings are at the time when he will be disabled", which can be on an equal footing with Confucian saints. So he said:
"Is the original king different from Mencius?" ("Chicken Rib" Zhu thinks: Qu Yuan "a thousand years."
One person ",its" loyalty to the monarch and patriotism ",does not distinguish himself; His book can be published as The Exchange of Natural Persons.
"The goodness (regularity) of the three cardinal principles and five codes of Hezengfu" (Notes on the Songs of the South). All for Lust
Bring Qu Yuan into the category of orthodox Confucianism. People were influenced by Qu Yuan's patriotism and his sufferings.
This unfair treatment made him deeply sad, not only in his hometown of Zigui, but also on the banks of the Miluo River.
Qu Yuan Temple, Qu Zi Temple and Qu Yuan Mu were built, and zongzi and race were also eaten during the Dragon Boat Festival.
To commemorate him in the form of a dragon boat.
Qu Yuan and Qu Yuan's spirit are in different times, different societies and even different countries.
Degree, has a strong appeal. 1953, commemorating the World Peace Council.
Qu Yuan is one of the "four cultural celebrities in the world". As Mao Zedong said, "(Qu Yuan) didn't.
Not only an ancient genius singer, but also a great patriot; Selfless and fearless, brave and tall.
Jane. His image remains in the mind of everyone in China. No matter at home or abroad, Qu Yuan
Is an immortal image. We are the eternal witness of his life "(Federlin's memoirs:
Chinese and Soviet leaders I have contacted).
Qu Ode to China Literature
In the pre-Qin period, with the decline of the Book of Songs, the literature represented by Chu Ci and Chu Ci
The rise of scholarship in Chu pushed China's poetry creation to a brand-new development peak. so-called
"Self-elegance (referring to the voice of the Book of Songs) is nothing but a thread (inheritance), which is strange and melancholy in literature.
Li Sao is awesome! "("Wen Xin Diao Long Bian Sao ") refers to this.
Words. Accordingly, Chu headed by Qu Yuan appeared, including Song Yu and Jing Ke.
Ci and Chu Ci writers. Among them, Qu Yuan is famous for Chu Ci, and Song Yu and others all follow Qu Yuan's example.
He is good at Chu Fu. And the highest level, the most works, the first push Qu Yuan, followed by Song Yu, so
Later generations may call it "Qu Song".
As a style, Chuci developed a grand style on the basis of folk songs.
A patchwork sentence pattern. Get rid of the shackles of the four-sentence style of the Book of Songs, with rhythm and rhythm.
The law is full of changes, and the expression is more profound and euphemistic. Qu yuan used this article he created.
Style, "expressing anger with emotion" ("Nine Chapters"), fully show your inner world.
The world, the persistent pursuit of life and patriotism. Therefore, "it means that the text is small and its
Refers to the great, if you are far away, you will see righteousness "("Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng "). Qu Yuan returned to mining.
Coupled with a series of artistic techniques, especially the introduction of witchcraft culture circulating at that time, it was simply fantastic.
Plot and galloping imagination create a new text based on reality and full of positive romantic characteristics.
Learn from heaven and earth, thus becoming a literary model of contemporary and later generations.
Like The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu is one of the two sources of China literature. Scholars of past dynasties
There are almost no literati who don't read Chu Ci, and there are no people who are not influenced by Chu Ci. They pursued the wooden canal.
Originally, imitating Chu Ci, Song Yu and Jing Ke opened their minds and entered the Western Han Dynasty, forming a craze. Han Dynasty
There are many works that imitate Chu Ci, among which 1 1 can be found in Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci, such as Zheng Zhenduo Xian.
Life says, "One in a hundred." After the Han Dynasty, many people imitated Qu, and there was Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty.
There were dozens of essays (Chu Ci) (biography of Han Yu in the old Tang Dynasty) in the Yuan Dynasty. Wang Fu in the early Qing Dynasty
He also included his parody "Nine Zhao" in the book "Interpretation of Chu Ci", especially.
Typical. Qu Zuochu's ci can really be described as "a person who dresses in words, not a generation" (Wen Xin Diao Long)
Sao). As for "its influence on later articles, but also in" Three Hundred Articles "("Poetry "
Jing) above "(Lu Xun's Outline of China Literature History).
It is a mistake to attract generations of scholars from China and even the world to study Chu Ci.
Far-reaching influence. The research on the collation of Chu Ci began in Song Yu, Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
And the 20th century, respectively, formed a research upsurge. In the 20th century, there were not only many monographs on Chu Ci,
There are many single papers; It involves many disciplines and has a wide influence. In addition, Chu Ci is also of great significance to other poems.
Literature and drama also have far-reaching influence.
Chuci has a far-reaching influence in the Han cultural circle. It was introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty.
This culture has had a great influence. In addition, it has been translated into many foreign languages and spread in Europe, America and Russia.
Ross's country.
There are both connections and differences between Chu Ci and Chu Ci. Although Chu Ci "extends to Chu"
Ci "(Wen Xin Diao Long Quan Fu), but it is in a completely different creative environment from Chu Ci.
Formed in. Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke and others were originally "good words", but because they were around Wang Xiang.
Acting according to orders is determined by the nature of the imperial court, and the result is not good at Chu Ci, but "only with Fu"
See said "("Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng "). So Sima Qian made "Ci" and "Fu" clear.
Really tell. However, later scholars often confuse the two, which leads to the neglect of Chu Ci.
Chuci is a kind of question-and-answer dialogue, telling stories, which is extremely poor in sound and appearance and rhyme.
Combination style. Qu Yuan's Buju and the Fisherman begins with Song Yu's Feng Fu.
The Fisherman's Fu, with the title "Delimitation with Poetry" (Interpretation of Fu by Carving Dragons in the Literary Mind), and the Song Dynasty
Yu's Gao and Goddess Fu are mature works of Fu, and their writing methods are famous in Han Fu.
The precedent of Zixu and Shanglin had a great influence on Han Fu.
Song Yu's various songs of Chu and his representative work "Nine Arguments", with the help of songs and essays of Chu,
Xuanhe's Gu Wen Yuan was widely circulated and influenced later generations. "Flexion is dead, there is no li bai.
If the words are used, Du Fu's poem "I secretly climbed Qusong to drive, fearing to follow in the footsteps of Qi Liang", respectively
Expressed some literati's admiration for Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Their works are still popular today.
Love. In a word, Qu and Song Ci Fu, as an important part of China culture, are famous for their unique styles.
Change the charm, infect China people and influence the world.
Witchcraft and Taoism of Chu people and China's philosophy and religion
The witchcraft of Chu people refers to the witchcraft culture and Taoism of Chu in the pre-Qin period. Witches thrive in Chu,
Taoism is the characteristic content of Chu culture, which has been recognized by * * *. Whether it's China's philosophy or religion.
It has had a far-reaching impact on the development process.
The witch culture of Chu people can be traced back to the ancient Chu people Zhu Rong. Zhu Rong belongs to Di Ku Gao Xin.
"Fire is right", and the master "governs heaven" is famous for his achievements, so Chu Jun has a tradition of witchcraft culture in later generations.
Xiong Yi, Wang Ping, Wang Huai, etc. He is a believer in the famous "witchcraft and the road of desire".
Witchcraft master is a father's pass and is known as "national treasure".
As far as its connotation is concerned, the witchcraft culture of Chu State includes polytheism, all kinds of witchcraft and soaring.
Fairy or something. It not only penetrated into many aspects of Chu literature and art, but also influenced the post-Sejong era.
Religious belief has far-reaching influence. For example, in the pre-Qin period, only the Chu people regarded the Eastern Emperor Taiyi as the supreme god. horse
The silk painting "Tai Yi Xing Tu" unearthed from the No.3 Han Tomb of Tai Yi Wang Dui is in the position of the main god among the gods.
Bit; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attached great importance to sacrifice and regarded Taiyi as the supreme god, which obviously inherited the worship of Taiyi by Chu people in the pre-Qin period.
The tradition of becoming the highest god. The concept of immortals is the basic concept of Taoism, and achieving immortality is the purpose of Taoism.
Ultimate pursuit. The concept of immortals in the pre-Qin period has two systems. Yan Qi's alchemist deliberately sought immortality at sea.
Medically, Chu focused on soaring to immortality with the help of spiritual objects. Chu's immortal view and all kinds of witchcraft,
It is an important source of Taoist immortal view and Taoist witchcraft in later generations.
Taoism, which originated in the late Shang Dynasty, represents a mature Taoist philosophy.
Thinkers are Lao Zi and Wen Zi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Wen Zi is a student of Lao Zi and a teacher of King Chu Ping.
Minister, his thoughts have had an impact on the state affairs of Chu. After the mid-Warring States period, Taoism was divided into
There are two schools: Zhuangzi School and Huanglao School. Zhuangzi School, represented by Zhuangzi, learned from Huang Lao.
Mainly pies? Pipe, Yuan Huan and others.
Taoist thought is profound and profound, which has the richest philosophical connotation among the pre-Qin philosophers and has a great influence on later generations.
The voice is extremely deep and broad. The study of Huang Lao in the early Han Dynasty was regarded as "the southern skill of the monarch", quietism and harmony.
People rest, heal the wounds of war, make the world rich and society develop steadily. After the Eastern Han Dynasty,
With the rise of Taoism, Taoism has become the theoretical basis of Taoism. Lao Tzu is regarded as a leader and called it
"Too old gentleman", whose book "Laozi" is regarded as a holy book, is called "moral truth". After ...
Over the years, Wen Zi and Zhuangzi have also been honored as "Xuan Tong Zhenren" and "South China Zhenren" respectively, and their works.
Wen Zi and Zhuangzi are also considered as "real classics" and included in the Taoist collection. Wei and Jin metaphysics
With the rise of metaphysics, this paper discusses the relationship between Confucianism and nature based on the inaction theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi Taoism.
Finally, the crisis-ridden famous religion in the late Han Dynasty was rejuvenated. In the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor Li went out to rectify the situation.
The need of ruling, believing in Taoism and respecting Laozi as "the metaphysical emperor of the Yuan Dynasty" made Laozi's position successful.
Reached the peak. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are compatible for a long time, and Laozi and Zhuangzi have correct ideas.
Buddhism and Confucianism have great influence. Zhou Dunyi, founder of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, said, "Since the promise is too great"
The theory of "extreme" comes from Taoism's "making something out of nothing" and "returning to infinity" ("old
Son "). Taoist thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi can be seen in almost every stage of the historical process.
Ming. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, influenced by social crisis and western ideological trend, some scholars, such as
Tan sitong, Yan Fu, etc. Re-examine Laozi and Zhuangzi's texts and explore "democracy" and "freedom" from them.
Thought, once again regard Taoism as the theory of Shi Kuang's security. Today, the world advocates returning to simplicity.
Return to nature, obey the laws of nature, strengthen environmental protection, Taoism "harmony between man and nature" as a whole.
Concept, and the idea of "doing nothing without doing anything", not only among China people, but also in the world.
Produced a stronger * * * sound.
Unearthed Chu cultural materials and modern academic culture
Unearthed Chu cultural materials mainly refer to the archaeological remains of Chu people in the pre-Qin period, including
There are two kinds of words and nothing. Some important discoveries, in China and even in the world.
Academic circles have had and are having a far-reaching impact.
In 1930s and 1940s, due to illegal excavation, Chu tombs were discovered in Shouxian County, Anhui Province and Changsha, Hunan Province.
Important cultural relics such as the famous "Shouxian Chu Bronzes Group" and "Chu Silk Book" have been unearthed. These two
Great discovery became a hot topic in academic circles at that time. Especially after Chu Silk was exiled to the United States,
Its research has gradually become international, which has promoted and set off an upsurge of silk research at home and abroad, serving China.
Historical research is helpful to get out of the age of doubting the ancient times.
In the second half of the 20th century, the archaeological achievements of Chu culture were the greatest.
The number of Chu bamboo slips is large, ranking first in pre-Qin bamboo slips in China. So far, 30 have been found.
Among the remaining batches, Changsha Yangtianhu (M25) bamboo slips and Xinyang Changtai bamboo slips have great influence.
Guan (M 1) Chu bamboo slips, Jingmen Baoshan Chu bamboo slips, Jingmen Guodian (M 1) Chu bamboo slips, Shangbo.
Chu bamboo slips are collected in the museum. Especially the bamboo slips of Guodian Chu, as soon as the information was published, it aroused strong repercussions.
The surgical field held three international academic seminars in Beijing, the United States and Wuhan.
Bronzes and their inscriptions have also made great discoveries, such as Qi Jie unearthed in Anhui and Henan.
The bronzes in Xia Chunqiu's tomb of Zhechuan Company in Hubei Province, and the bronzes in Zeng Houyi's tomb in Suizhou, Hubei Province. Especially among them.
Zeng Houyi's chime is world-famous, and its reproduction and performance make the world feel refreshed, which is the voice of our country.
Music culture greatly adds luster.
Chu's currency is also very distinctive, mainly ant nose money and gold coins. Ant nose money is a kind of
A copper coin engraved with an inscription imitating a shell. Chu gold coin is a weighing currency. Chu state in pre-Qin period
Represents the only country that circulates gold coins. According to preliminary statistics, since the 1950s, unearthed
More than 600 pieces, with a total weight of nearly 40,000 grams. Among them, 1 1 unearthed in Nanyaozhuang, Muzhuang Township, Xuyi, Jiangsu Province.
"It should be said" that one of the gold coins is complete, with a length of 12.2, a width of 8 cm and a weight of 6 10g.
There are 54 marks and 6 half-shaped marks, which is the biggest and heaviest one I have ever seen. These Chu coins not only
It has attracted the attention of Chu cultural circles and attracted people from economic circles to participate in the discussion.
China's traditional silk weaving technology is unique in the world and enjoys a high reputation, ahead of
The silk weaving technology in the Eastern Zhou and Chu Dynasties is the representative of the silk weaving technology in China before Qin Dynasty. Jianglingma, Hubei Province
1 There are 38 pieces of silk clothes and 452 pieces of silk in the Chu Tomb of the Warring States Period, which are numerous and exquisite in workmanship.
It is known as the "treasure house of silk" because of its complete and bright color, which is highly valued by silk weaving and clothing researchers.
See.
Chu is rich in treasures and underground mineral deposits, and the ancient mining and metallurgy site of Tonglushan is located in the north and south of Daye County, Hubei Province.
It is 2 km long from east to west and 1 km wide. Mining from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty produced a large number of products.
Copper mines reveal the Chu people and the production of copper mining and smelting in ancient China.
Found a big blank in the metallurgical history of China.
Chu culture is rich and colorful, and the investigation and study of Chu culture is not only conducive to the development of regional cultural resources.
Source, but also conducive to the promotion of excellent traditional culture, has great academic value and practical significance.
Interviewee: HTT online- Assistant Level 3 1 1-5 16:00.
Eight characteristics of Jingchu culture Jingchu culture is an important part of Chinese national culture. It has a long history, extensive knowledge, distinctive regional characteristics and great economic and cultural development value.
Jingchu culture, as a culture with distinctive regional characteristics, can be summarized into eight series:
1, Shennong culture in Yan Di. Suizhou, Gucheng and Shennongjia in Hubei Province are the main activity areas of Shennong in Yan Di, and there are many folk cultural sites. Yandi Shennong tasted herbs all over the world here, cured diseases for the people, invented agriculture and taught people to farm. Its profound historical and cultural heritage marks the transition of Chinese civilization from fishing and hunting era to farming era.
Comrade Pei Gaocai introduced an article entitled "New Archaeological Discovery in Panlong, Too Big Mountains in Shang Dynasty, Rewriting the History of Building an Ancient City in China" in the 4th edition of the Development Report of Digging the Yangtze River (1996 04 10). Experts and professors from Hubei Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology have studied and sorted out the site of Panlongcheng and its historical materials for 20 years, and come to the conclusion that Panlongcheng in Shang Dynasty is known as the first ancient city in southern China. "... pushed the history of Wuhan city forward for two thousand years. ..... rewrote the history of' Shang culture is no better than Dabie Mountain' ... ".
According to the article, Panlongcheng was discovered during the flood control in 1954 and was excavated on a large scale in the 1970s. Up to now, more than 2,000 cultural relics have been excavated, among which dozens of cultural relics such as bronze tripod, bronze tripod and jade brother are rare treasures, ranking among the oldest cultural relics in China today. ..... has amazed experts and scholars in more than 30 countries and regions. Chinese and foreign experts said that the disk
Longcheng is the largest, earliest and best preserved ancient city of Shang Dynasty in China. It is a cultural treasure of ancient South China, a treasure house of cultural relics in Jianghan and a rare specimen for studying the ancient city of China.