Reading and interpretation of the full text of the Three-Character Classic
"The Three-Character Classic", "Hundred Family Surnames" and "The Thousand-Character Classic" are also known as the three major Chinese enlightenment books. "The Three Character Classic" is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation and a must-have reading for children's enlightenment. Below is the reading and interpretation of the full text of the Three Character Classic that I compiled for you. You are welcome to read it.
1. In the beginning, human beings are inherently good. Similar in nature, but far apart in habits. If you don't teach, your nature will change. The most important thing in teaching is specialization.
Explanation: When people are born, their natures are all good, but due to the different acquired learning environment during their growth, their temperaments also differ between good and bad. If you are not educated well from childhood, your good nature will turn bad. In order to prevent people from becoming bad, the most important way is to educate their children with concentration.
2. Xi Meng’s mother chose a neighbor’s place. If you don't learn, you will lose your chance. Dou Yanshan has a righteous prescription. Teach five sons and they will all become famous.
Explanation: During the Warring States Period, Mencius’ mother moved three times in order to provide a good environment for her children. Once Mencius played truant, Meng's mother cut off the loom cloth to teach him. During the Five Dynasties, Dou Yujun, a native of Yanshan, was very good at educating his sons. The five sons he educated were all successful and became famous in the imperial examinations. [Note from Jingjing Blog: This is a summary of the story of "Five Sons Enrolled in the College"]
3. Failure to educate children is the fault of the father. If the teaching is not strict, the teacher will be lazy. It is not appropriate for a child not to learn. If you don't learn when you are young, what will you do when you are old?
Explanation: It is the father’s fault to merely provide food and clothing for his children without educating them properly. It's just education, but if you don't have strict requirements, you are lazy as a teacher. It is very inappropriate for children to refuse to study hard. If a person does not study hard when he is a child, he will not understand the principles of life and have no knowledge when he is old. What good can he do?
4. If a jade is not polished, it will become useless. If a person does not learn, he does not know righteousness. As the son of man, Fang Shaoshi. Close friends and teachers, learn etiquette.
Explanation: If jade is not polished and carved, it will not become an exquisite utensil; if a person does not learn, he will not understand etiquette and will not become a talent. As children, you should get close to your teachers and friends from an early age so that you can learn a lot of etiquette and knowledge about how to deal with others from them.
5. The fragrance is nine years old and can warm the mat. Filial piety to relatives is what you should do. Melting four years old can make pears. If you are a younger brother than an elder, you should be a prophet.
Explanation: Huang Xiang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, knew how to honor his father and warm his bed when he was nine years old. This is what everyone who is filial to their parents should practice and imitate. When Kong Rong in the Han Dynasty was four years old, he knew how to give the big pears to his elder brothers. This kind of respect and friendship for elder brothers should be known to everyone from an early age.
6. The first is filial piety, and the second is knowledge. Know a certain number, know a certain text. One makes ten, ten makes one hundred. Hundreds and thousands, thousands and thousands.
Explanation: The first thing a person must learn is to honor his parents and love his brothers. The next step is to learn the knowledge he sees and hears. And you need to know basic arithmetic and advanced mathematics, as well as understand words and read literature. Our country uses the decimal arithmetic method: one to ten are the basic numbers, then ten ten is one hundred, ten one hundred is one thousand, ten one thousand is ten thousand? It keeps changing.
7. The three talents are the people of heaven and earth. The three lights are the sun, moon and stars. The three principles are the righteousness of the king and his ministers. Father and son are close, husband and wife are harmonious.
Explanation: You should also know some common sense in daily life, such as what are the three talents? The three talents refer to the three aspects of heaven, earth and people. What are the "Three Lights"? The three lights are the sun, the moon, and the stars. What are the "Three Guidelines"? The Three Guidelines are the three codes of conduct that should be observed in the relationship between people. That is, the words and deeds of the king and his ministers must be consistent with justice. Parents and children love each other, and husbands and wives live in harmony. 8. These four seasons are called spring and summer, and the four directions are called west and east. .
Explanation: Let us take a look at the surrounding environment. Spring, summer, autumn and winter are called four seasons. The four seasons are constantly changing. Spring goes to summer, autumn goes to winter, and so on. Never stop. Speaking of east, south, west, and north, this is called "four directions", which refers to the position of each direction. There must be a central position corresponding to each direction.
9. The five elements are water, metal, and earth. The ten stems are from Jia to Gui, from Zi to Hai.
Explanation: As for the five elements, That is metal, wood, water, fire, and earth. This is an abstract concept used in ancient China to refer to various things in the universe. It is based on the five numbers and combinations of one, two, three, four, and five. The ten stems refer to A, Yi, Bing, Ding, Wu, Ji, Gengxin, Ren and Gui, also called the heavenly stems; the twelve branches refer to Zi, Chou, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si and Wu. , Wei, Shen, You, Xu, and Hai are also called "Earthly Branches", which are ancient time markers.
10. The ecliptic is called the equator, and it is under the equator. Extreme. I am China, in the Northeast.
Explanation: The earth revolves around the sun, and the sun revolves around the center of the galaxy.
The orbit of the sun is called the ecliptic. There is an imaginary large circle perpendicular to the earth's axis in the center of the earth, which is the equator. In the equatorial region, the temperature is the highest and the climate is particularly hot. From the equator to the north and south, the temperature gradually becomes lower. Our country is located in the northeast of the earth.
11. The cold and heat are uniform, but the frost and dew change. Plateau on the right, sea on the left. It is called Jianghe, and it is called Huaiji. These four rivers are the discipline of water.
Explanation: my country has an even distribution of hot and cold weather, and the frost and dew periods change with the seasons. The plateau is on the right and the sea is on the left. China is a country with vast territory and abundant resources. The Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River and Jishui flow directly into the sea. These four rivers are the representatives of Chinese rivers.
12. Said Daihua, Song Hengheng. These five mountains are the names of mountains. Jiuzhou in ancient times has been restructured today. Called a province, thirty-five.
Explanation: The five famous mountains in China are called the "Five Sacred Mountains". They are Dongyue Taishan, Xiyue Huashan, Zhongyue Songshan, Nanyue Hengshan, and Beiyue Hengshan. These five mountains are representatives of China's mountains. State: the name of an ancient administrative region unit. System: system, with certain scale and rules. Province: Administrative region, referred to as province.
13. It is called scholar-nong, and it is called industry and commerce. These four people are the good of the country. It is said to be benevolent and righteous, propriety, wisdom and trust. These five constants cannot be disrupted.
Explanation: China is the most populous country in the world. Intellectuals, farmers, workers and businessmen are the indispensable pillars of the country and are called the four people. They are an important part of society. If all people can use the five unchanging laws of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trust as the standards for dealing with things, society will always maintain peace, so everyone should abide by them and not be negligent.
14. Plants and trees are born from the earth. This plant is found all over land and water. There are insects, fish, birds and beasts. This animal can fly away.
Explanation: In addition to humans, there are also flowers, plants and trees on the earth. These are plants and can be found everywhere on land and in water. Insects, fish, birds, and beasts are animals. Some of these animals can fly in the sky, some can walk on land, and some can swim in water.
15. Rice, rice, rice, millet and millet. These six grains are eaten by people. Horses, cattle and sheep, chickens, dogs and pigs. These six animals are fed by humans.
Explanation: Some of the staple foods in human life come from plants, such as rice, wheat, beans, corn and sorghum. These are important foods in our daily lives. Among the animals, there are horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs and pigs, which are called six animals. These animals, like Liu Gu, were originally wild. Later, after it was gradually domesticated by people, it became a necessity in human daily life.
16. It is said to be joyful and angry, and it is said to be sad and fearful. Love, evil and desire are all seven emotions. Green, red, yellow, and black and white. These five colors are visible to the eye.
Explanation: Being happy is called joy, being angry is called anger, being sad is called sorrow, being afraid is called fear, liking in the heart is called love, hating in the heart is called evil, being greedy in the heart is called desire, and together they are called seven emotions. . These are the seven emotions that humans are born with. Cyan, yellow, red, black and white, these are the five colors in the traditional Five Elements of ancient my country, which can be recognized by the naked eye.
17. Sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty. These five flavors are contained in the mouth. The smell of charred meat is fragrant and rotten. These five odors are smelled by the nose.
Explanation: Among the foods we usually eat, there are five flavors that can be distinguished by our mouths: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. Our noses can smell the smell of things. There are mainly five kinds of smells, namely mutton smell, burnt smell, fragrance, fishy smell and rotten smell.
18. Earthen leather, wood, stone and gold. Silk and bamboo are the eight tones. It is said to be on the level, and it is said to go in. These four tones should be harmonized.
Explanation: Ancient Chinese divided the materials for making musical instruments into eight types, namely gourd, clay, leather, wood, stone, metal, silk thread and bamboo, which are called "eight tones". Our ancestors divided the tones of speaking voices into four types: flat, rising, going, and entering. The four tones must be used harmoniously to make people feel comfortable.
19. Great-great-grandfather, born from a father. From the body comes the son, and from the son comes the grandson. From descendants to Xuanzang. It is the nine tribes and the relationship between people.
Explanation: Great-grandfather begets great-grandfather, great-grandfather begets grandfather, grandfather begets father, father begets me, I beget son, son begets grandson. From his sons and grandsons, he comes to great-grandsons and great-great-grandsons. From great-great-grandfather to great-great-grandson, they are called "Nine Clans". These "nine tribes" represent the order of seniority and inferiority of people and the continuity of family lineage.
20. Father and son are kind, and husband and wife obey. An elder brother is a friend, a younger brother is a respectful person. The order of elders and younger ones, friends and friends. The king is respectful and the minister is loyal.
Explanation: Father and son should pay attention to mutual kindness, the relationship between husband and wife should be harmonious, the elder brother should be friendly to the younger brother, and the younger brother should respect the older brother. When interacting with older people, they should pay attention to the order of superiority and inferiority; when getting along with friends, they should respect each other's trust. If the monarch respects his ministers, the officials will be loyal to him.
21. These ten righteousnesses are shared by everyone. Follow the instructions and do not violate them. Cutting them all down, great and small. To the end of five doses of Ma.
Explanation: The ten righteousnesses mentioned above: kindness to father, filial piety to son, harmony to husband, obedience to wife, brother-friend, brother-respect, friend-faith, friend-righteousness, king-respect, minister-loyalty, this is what everyone means. All must be observed and must not be violated.
Zhan Shei, Qi Shei, Da Gong, Xiao Gong and Qi Ma, these are the five kinds of filial piety clothes that different people in the ancient Chinese family wore when they died.
22. Ritual music shooting, royal book number. The six ancient arts are not available today. But calligraphy is the only thing that people should follow. Both literate and fluent.
Explanation: Etiquette, music, archery, driving, calligraphy and arithmetic are the six skills that ancient scholars must learn. No one can master these six skills at the same time. Among the six arts, only calligraphy is still respected by everyone in today's society. After a person knows Chinese characters, he can study "Shuowen Jiezi", which is helpful for studying advanced knowledge.
23. There are ancient texts, large and small seal scripts. Li Cao succeeds and cannot be messed up. If you learn widely, you will be afraid of its complexity. But briefly, you can know the origin.
Explanation: The development of Chinese writing has gone through ancient Chinese, large seal script, small seal script, official script, and cursive script. This must be understood clearly and not confused. If you want to learn knowledge extensively, it is not easy and there is no way to start. However, if you can do general research, you can still understand many basic principles.
24. All training must be done carefully. Detailed exegesis, clear sentence reading. As a scholar, you must have some beginnings. The end of primary school, to the fourth book.
Explanation: Any teacher who teaches children who have just entered school must speak clearly about every word, explain every sentence clearly, and enable students to understand sentence segmentation when reading. As a scholar, you must lay a solid foundation in the early stages of your studies and learn the primary school knowledge thoroughly before you can read the "Four Books".
25. The Analects of Confucius, twenty articles. Group of disciples, remember good words. Mencius, stop at chapter seven. Talk about morality and benevolence.
Explanation: The book "The Analects" has twenty chapters. It is a book written by Confucius's disciples, and his disciples' disciples, recording the remarks about Confucius. The book "Mencius" was written by Meng Ke and is divided into seven chapters. The content is also about the cultivation of character and the promotion of moral virtues such as benevolence and righteousness.
26. To practice moderation is Kong Ji. It's not easy to be average. It was Zengzi who taught the university. Self-cultivation leads to peace and prosperity.
Explanation: The author of the book "Zhongyong" was Kong Ji. "Zhongyong" means unbiased, and "Yong" means unchanging. Zeng Shen was the author of the book "The Great Learning". He put forward the idea of ??"cultivate oneself, harmonize one's family, govern the country and bring peace to the world".
27. If you are familiar with the four books, you must be familiar with the classics of filial piety. Like the Six Classics, it can only be read. Poetry and calligraphy are easy, and the ceremony is spring and autumn. The six classics should be paid attention to.
Explanation: Only after you have mastered the Four Books and understood the principles of the Classic of Filial Piety can you read such a profound book as the Six Classics. "Poems", "Books", "Yi", "Li", "Spring and Autumn", plus "Music" are called the Six Classics. These are important classics of ancient Chinese Confucianism and should be read carefully.
28. There are mountains and there are hidden places. There are Zhouyi and three Yis in detail. There are codes and instructions. There is an oath and the secret of the book.
Explanation: "Lianshan", "Gui Zang" and "Zhouyi" are three books in ancient my country. These three books are collectively called the "Sanyi", and the "Sanyi" uses the hexagram A book that explains the cyclical changes of everything in the universe in the form of ?. The content of "Shu Jing" is divided into six parts: the first code is the basic principles of establishing a country; the second mo is the plan for governing the country; the third training is the attitude of the ministers; the fourth imperial edict is the announcement of the king; the fifth oath is the proclamation of raising troops; sixth Fate, the king's order.
29. I, the Duke of Zhou, perform the rites of Zhou. It governs the six sense organs and governs the body. Big and small wear, note the etiquette notes. Tell the holy words, prepare rituals and music.
Explanation: Duke Zhou wrote "Zhou Rites", which recorded the official system of the six palaces and the composition of the country at that time. Dai De and Dai Sheng compiled and annotated the "Book of Rites" and passed on and expounded the works of sages, which enabled future generations to know the rules and regulations of the previous dynasties and the situations related to rituals and music.
30. It is called national style, and it is called elegant song. No. 4 poems should be chanted satirically. After the poem died, it was written in the Spring and Autumn Period. Contains praise and blame, not good and evil.
Explanation: "Guofeng", "Daya", "Xiaoya" and "Ode" are collectively called the four poems. It is a poem with rich content and deep emotions. It is really worth reading. recited. Later, due to the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Songs was also ignored, so Confucius wrote the "Spring and Autumn". This book contains implicit praise and criticism of real politics and the distinction between the good and evil behaviors of various countries.
31. The third messenger is the ram. There is the Zuo family and there is the Guliang family. Now that the sutra is clear, only then can we read it. Summarize the essentials and record the events.
Explanation: The three biographies are "Gongyang Zhuan" written by Yang Gao, "Zuo Zhuan" written by Zuo Qiuming and "Gu Liang Zhuan" written by Gu Liangchi. They are all interpretations. The book "Spring and Autumn". After familiarizing yourself with the scriptures and biographies, you can read Zishu. The books are complicated, so you must choose the more important ones to read, and remember the cause and effect of everything.
32. Among the five sons, there is Xun Yang. Wen Zhongzi, and Lao Zhuang. Be proficient in Jingzi and read various histories. Examine the lineage and know the end and the beginning.
Explanation: The Five Sons refer to Xunzi, Yangtze, Wen Zhongzi, Laozi and Zhuangzi. The books they wrote were called Zishu. After you are familiar with the classics and books, you must study the lineage of each dynasty and generation when reading history books, and understand the reasons for their rise and fall, so that you can learn lessons from history.
33. From Xi Nong to Huangdi. Named Three Emperors, he lived in the last world. Tang Youyu was named the Second Emperor. They bowed to each other and were called prosperous.
Explanation: From Fuxi, Shennong to Huangdi, these three ancient emperors were diligent and caring for the people, and were very great, so later generations respectfully called them the "Three Emperors". After the Yellow Emperor, there were two emperors of the Tang Dynasty, Yao and Yu Shun. Yao thought his son was unworthy, so he passed the throne to Shun, who was both talented and virtuous. Under the governance of these two emperors, the world was peaceful and praised by everyone.
34. There was Yu in Xia and Tang in Shang. Zhou Wenwu was called the Three Kings. Xia Chuanzi, the family of the world. Four hundred years later, he moved to Xiashe.
Explanation: The founding monarch of the Xia Dynasty was Yu, the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty was Tang, and the founding monarchs of the Zhou Dynasty were King Wen and King Wu. These kings with both ability and political integrity were called the Three Kings by later generations. Yu passed the throne to his son, and from then on the world became owned by one family. After more than four hundred years, Xia was destroyed by Tang, thus ending its rule.
35. Tang conquered Xia, and the country was named Shang. It lasted for six hundred years until the death of Zhou. King Wu of Zhou began to punish Zhou. Eight hundred years is the longest period.
Explanation: The Tang Dynasty conquered the Xia Dynasty and named the country Shang. More than six hundred years passed until the death of Zhou. King Wu of Zhou raised troops to destroy the Shang Dynasty, killed King Zhou, and established the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty had the longest history, lasting for more than 800 years.
36. Zhou Zhidong and Wang Gang fell. If you dare to fight, you still need to lobby. Beginning with the Spring and Autumn Period and ending with the Warring States Period. The five hegemons are strong and the seven heroes emerge.
Explanation: Since King Ping of Zhou moved his capital eastward, his control over the princes has become weaker and weaker. Wars often broke out among the vassal states, and lobbyists also became popular. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty is divided into two stages, one is the Spring and Autumn Period, and the other is the Warring States Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin and King Zhuang of Chu were known as the Five Hegemons. The seven heroes of the Warring States Period were Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Qin.
37. The Qin family began to merge. In the second generation, Chu and Han fought. Gao Zuxing, Hanye built. To Xiaoping, Wang Mang usurped.
Explanation: At the end of the Warring States Period, the power of the Qin State became increasingly powerful, destroying other vassal states and establishing a unified Qin Dynasty. When the Qin Dynasty passed to Hu Hai, the second generation, the world began to be in chaos again, and finally, a situation of conflict between Chu and Han emerged. Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty defeated Xiang Yu and established the Han Dynasty. The throne of the Han Dynasty lasted for more than two hundred years, but was usurped by Wang Mang during the reign of Emperor Xiaoping.
38. Guangwuxing was the Eastern Han Dynasty. After four hundred years, it was finally presented. Wei, Shu and Wu competed for the Han Dynasty. It was called the Three Kingdoms, up to the two Jin Dynasties.
Explanation: Wang Mang usurped power. The country's name was changed to a new one, and the world was in chaos. Liu Xiu overthrew Emperor Gengshi and restored the country's name to Han. He was known as Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. The Eastern Han Dynasty lasted for four hundred years and perished when Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was established. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Shu, and Wu competed for the world, forming a situation of three kingdoms competing for power. Later, Wei destroyed Shu and Wu, but Sima Yan usurped the throne and established the Jin Dynasty. Jin was divided into two periods: the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty.
39. Song Qiji and Liang Chencheng. For the Southern Dynasties, the capital was Jinling. The Northern Yuan and Wei Dynasties are divided into east and west. Yu Wenzhou was very happy.
Explanation: After the Jin Dynasty royal family moved south, it declined soon after, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties era followed. The Southern Dynasties included Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, and their capital was built in Jinling. The Northern Dynasties refers to the Yuan and Wei dynasties. The Yuan and Wei Dynasties later split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. The Western Wei was usurped by Yu Wenjue and established the Northern Zhou; the Eastern Wei was usurped by Gao Yang and established the Northern Qi.
40. As far as the Sui Dynasty, there is a world of earth. If it is no longer passed down, the tradition will be lost. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, an insurrectionist. Eliminate the chaos of the Sui Dynasty and create the foundation of the country.
Explanation: Yang Jian reunified China and established the Sui Dynasty, known as Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty in history. After his son Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of Sui, came to the throne, he became dissolute and immoral, and the Sui Dynasty soon perished. Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, raised an army to rebel against the Sui Dynasty. In the end, the Sui Dynasty fell. He defeated various anti-Sui rebel armies, conquered the world, and established the Tang Dynasty.
41. Twenty biographies, three hundred years. When Liang was destroyed, the country changed. Liang, Tang, Jin, and Han and Zhou dynasties. They are called the Five Dynasties for a reason.
Explanation: The Tang Dynasty ruled for nearly three hundred years, and there were twenty emperors. By the time Emperor Zhaoxuan of the Tang Dynasty was usurped by Zhu Quanzhong, the Liang Dynasty was established, and the Tang Dynasty was destroyed. To distinguish it from the Liang Dynasty in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was historically called the Later Liang Dynasty. The replacement period of the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Later Wu dynasties is called the Five Dynasties in history. There are certain reasons for the replacement of these five dynasties.
42. The Yan Song Dynasty flourished and accepted Zhou Zen. Eighteen legends, mixed between the north and the south. Both Liao and Jin were proclaimed emperors. The Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty and destroyed the Song Dynasty.
Explanation: Zhao Kuangyin accepted the throne of the Later Zhou Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty. According to legend, after the Song Dynasty had eighteen emperors, ethnic minorities from the north moved south to invade, resulting in a melee between the north and the south. The Liao, Jin and Mongols in the north all established countries and called themselves emperors. Finally, the Mongols destroyed the Jin and Song dynasties, established the Yuan Dynasty, and unified China again.
43. The map is broad and ahead of the times. In ninety years, the country was abolished. Taizu prospered and the country became Ming Dynasty. His name was Hongwu and his capital was Jinling.
Explanation: Yuan Zhuang’s territory was very vast, and the territory he ruled exceeded every previous dynasty. However, it lasted only ninety years before being overthrown by a peasant uprising. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled, eventually overthrowing the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, unifying the country, and establishing the Ming Dynasty. He himself became emperor, named Hongwu, and established his capital in Jinling.
45. He became an ancestor and moved to Yanjing. In the 16th century, he reached Chongzhen. Quan is eunuch, Kou is like the forest.
Li broke out and the artifact was burned.
Explanation: After Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty came to the throne, he moved the capital from Jinling to Yanjing in the north. The Ming Dynasty passed down sixteen emperors until Emperor Chongzhen, and the Ming Dynasty perished. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuchs were in power and the world was in chaos. The people revolted one after another. The rebel army led by Chuang Wang Li Zicheng broke through Beijing and forced Emperor Chongzhen to commit suicide. The Ming Dynasty finally perished.
45. The ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Ying Jingming. Calming all directions, defeating Dading. From Kang and Yong to Qian and Jiaqing, the people were prosperous and prosperous, and their political achievements were praised.
Explanation: After the Qing army entered the customs, Emperor Shunzhi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, ascended the throne in Beijing, calming down the chaos in various places, allowing the people to live a stable life again. After Emperor Shunzhi, there were four emperors: Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing. During this period, the world was peaceful, people's lives were relatively stable, and the country was relatively strong.
46. During the Dao-Xian period, chaos arose, starting with the British and French, disturbing the capital. After Tongguang, Xuantong was weak, the Nine Emperors were passed on, and Manqing died.
Explanation: During the Daoguang and Xianfeng years of the Qing Dynasty, chaos occurred, and the British army provoked the Opium War. Britain and France formed a coalition and attacked Beijing directly on the grounds of the Yarrow incident and the murder of France's grandfather. After Emperors Tongzhi and Guangxu, the Qing Dynasty was in dilapidated state. When the ninth generation of Emperor Xuantong came, it was overthrown by the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen.
47. The revolution flourished, the monarchy was abolished, the constitution was established, and the Republic of China was established. Ancient and modern history are all here. It is time to control chaos and know the rise and fall.
Explanation: The Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing government, abolished the imperial system, established a constitution, and established the government of the Republic of China, with Sun Yat-sen serving as the interim president. What is described above is the ancient and modern history from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the establishment of the Republic of China. Through the study of history, we can understand the rise and fall of various dynasties and generations, and understand many useful things.
48. Although history is complicated, it needs to be read carefully. Historical Records 1, Han Shu 2. The third chapter of the Later Han Dynasty and the fourth chapter of the National Records. At the same time, it can also prove the classics and take the Tongjian.
Explanation: Although China and history books are numerous and complicated, they should be read in order: read "Historical Records" first, and then read "Hanshu". The third time is to read the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" and the fourth time to read "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms". While reading, we should also refer to the classics and "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", so that we can better understand the rise and fall of historical chaos.
49. Those who read history should examine the actual records. Through the past and present, it is like seeing with your own eyes. Recite it with your mouth and only with your heart. Morning here, evening here.
Explanation: People who read history should go further and read historical materials to understand the causes and consequences of events throughout the past and present, as if they had seen it with their own eyes. When we read and study, we must have perseverance and think carefully while reading. Only by focusing on studying morning and night can you truly learn well.
50. Xi Zhongni studied under Xiang Lu. The ancient sages were diligent in learning. Zhao Zhongling read Lu Lun. He is an official, knowledgeable and diligent.
Explanation: In the past, Confucius was a very studious person. At that time, there was a child prodigy named Xiang Lu in the state of Lu, and Confucius once learned from him. A great sage like Confucius did not forget to study hard, let alone us ordinary people? In the Song Dynasty, Zhao Zhongling? Zhao Pu, his officials had already achieved the level of Zhongshu Ling, and he read the Analects every day, not because he had become a high official. Forget about studying hard.
51. Weave cattails and cut bamboo slips. He has no books and knows how to encourage. The head is cantilevered and the thorns are conical. He doesn't teach, he works hard on his own.
Explanation: In the Western Han Dynasty, Lu Wenshu copied the text on cattail grass and read it. Gongsun Hong carved the Spring and Autumn Period on bamboo slices. Both of them are poor and cannot afford books, but they still study hard. Sun Jing of the Jin Dynasty tied his hair to the roof beam when he was studying to avoid dozing off. During the Warring States Period, Su Qin used an awl to prick his thighs whenever he was tired while studying. They did not need supervision from others and consciously studied diligently.
52. Like a firefly in a bag, like reflecting snow. Although his family was poor, he never stopped studying. Like a negative salary, like hanging a corner. Although the body is tired, it is still bitter.
Explanation: Che Yin, a man of the Jin Dynasty, put fireflies in gauze bags as lighting for reading. Sun Kang used the reflection of snow to read. Both of them came from poor families, but they were able to continue their studies under difficult conditions. Zhu Maichen of the Han Dynasty made a living by chopping firewood, reading while carrying firewood every day. In the Sui Dynasty, Li Mi herded cattle and hung books on their horns so that he could read them when he had time. They persist in studying despite difficult circumstances.
53. Su Laoquan, twenty-seven. Begin to work hard and read books. Even though he is old, he regrets it too late. You, a young man, should think about it early.
Explanation: Su Xun, nicknamed Laoquan, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, did not want to study when he was a child. When he was 27 years old, he began to make up his mind to study hard, and later became a university scholar. Like Su Laoquan, he regretted not studying hard when he was older. But when we are young, we should seize the good time and study hard to avoid regrets in the future.
54. Ruoliang Hao, eighty-two. To the great court, Quedos. Once it is completed, everyone calls it different. You, a young man, should be determined.
Explanation: There was a man named Liang Hao in the Song Dynasty who won the first prize in the examination at the age of eighty-two. He answered the emperor's questions fluently in the Golden Palace, and all those who took the examination were inferior to him. At such an old age, Liang Hao was still able to achieve success. Everyone was surprised and admired his studiousness and tirelessness.
And we should make up our minds while we are young, and if we study hard, we will have a bright future.
55. Ying is eight years old and can chant poetry. Bi is seven years old and can play chess. He is enlightened and is praised as a miracle. If you learn from a young age, you should follow suit.
Explanation: There was a person named Zu Ying in the Northern Qi Dynasty who could recite poetry at the age of eight and later became a secretary, supervisor, and doctor. In addition, there was a man named Li Mi in the Tang Dynasty who was able to compose poems about playing chess when he was seven years old. The intelligence and intelligence of these two people were highly appreciated and amazed by people at that time. We are at the beginning of our studies and should follow their example and study hard.
56. Cai Wenji can distinguish the piano. Xie Daoyun can chant. That woman is smart. Men, be careful.
Explanation: There were many outstanding capable women in ancient times. For example, Cai Wenji in the late Eastern Han Dynasty could distinguish the quality of the sound of the piano, and Xie Daoyun, a talented woman in the Jin Dynasty, could write poems out of her mouth. For two girls like this, one understands music and the other can compose poetry. They are so talented. As a man, he must always be vigilant and enrich himself.
57. Liu Yan of Tang Dynasty was only seven years old. Raise prodigies and write straight characters. Although he is young, he is already an official. If there is something to be done, this is also the case.
Explanation: During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, there was a child named Liu Yan who was only seven years old. He was promoted as a child prodigy and became the official responsible for correcting texts. Although Liu Yan is so young, he has already become an official and shouldered the important responsibilities given to him by the country. If he wants to become a useful person, as long as he is diligent and studious, he can be as famous as Liu Yan in future generations.
58. Dogs keep vigil at night and chickens keep watch in the morning. If you don't learn, you will be a bad person. Silkworms spin silk and bees make honey. If a person does not learn, he is inferior to things.
Explanation: Dogs will guard the door for people at night, and chickens will wake up every morning. If people can’t study hard and live in a daze, what qualifications do they have to be called human beings? Silkworms spin silk for us to make clothing, and bees make honey for people to eat. And if people don't know how to learn and use their own knowledge and skills to realize their own value, they are really inferior to small animals.
59. Learn when you are young, and act when you are strong. To the king from the top, to the people from the bottom. Make a name for yourself and show your parents. Light is in the front and abundance is in the back.
Explanation: We must study hard when we are young and constantly enrich ourselves. When we grow up, we can apply what we have learned to serve the country and benefit the people. If you make due contributions to the people, the people will praise you, and your parents will also be honored by you, which will add glory to your ancestors and leave a good example to the next generation.
60. If a person leaves behind a son, gold will win. I teach my son the only scripture. Diligence pays off, but play is useless. Just be careful and try your best.
Explanation: Some people leave gold and silver money to their descendants, but I am not like that. I only hope that they can be good at reading and study, and become people who make a difference when they grow up. He repeatedly talked about many truths, but just told the children that anyone who is diligent and motivated will have good harvests, but those who only care about fun and waste a good time will definitely regret it.
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