Images (or images) depicted in poetry are landscapes, things and people (characters and lyric heroes). They are the most basic and key elements in poetry and a "master key" for us to appreciate poetry. Therefore, only by truly understanding the image of poetry can we deeply understand the connotation of poetry and deal with all kinds of test questions.
Let's talk about the basic skills of appreciating poetic images and artistic conception.
1. Grasp the breakthrough point and interpret the image skillfully.
Most of the images in poems handed down over the years have become the emotional sustenance of poets and have fixed symbolic significance. Mastering these symbolic meanings will be of great help to our appreciation. For example, "pine" symbolizes being strong and upright, not afraid of violence, "plum" symbolizes nobility and aloof, "moon" is the sustenance of homesickness and affection, and "willow" embodies the feeling of reluctant separation, and so on.
However, in addition to mastering these necessary knowledge about images, we must learn to cut in skillfully from another angle, that is, learn to interpret the shape, color, sound and state of the image itself, and then understand the connotation of the image.
Let's do some corresponding analysis from the familiar poems in the text.
Example 1: Dead vines and old trees faint, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. -Ma Zhiyuan "Tianjingsha? Qiu Si "
Interpretation of image modeling: This poem is known as "the ancestor of Qiu Si in one hundred generations", which is closely related to the specific images described by the poet: old and lifeless trees, withered vines, crows at dusk, rough and thin horses, and the words "withered", "old", "faint" and "thin" express image modeling, which makes people feel desolate and desolate. Coupled with the desolate ancient roads and westerly winds in Xiao Sa, the heartbroken people are full of worries.
Example 2: Jiangnan is good, and the scenery was once familiar. At sunrise, the river is redder than fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue. Can you forget Jiangnan? -Bai Juyi's "Jiangnan Memory"
Interpretation of image color: Red River flowers are better than fire, and green spring water is like blue. This colorful and pleasing beauty gives people a warm and beautiful feeling. If you grasp it, you will understand the poet's love for Jiangnan.
Ex. 3: Jiujiang is so remote that I haven't heard music for a whole year. There are neither strings nor bamboo sounds. My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. -Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip (parallel sequence)
The voice to interpret the image: "The cuckoo cries for blood, and the ape whimpers", where the terrain is desolate and the environment is harsh, the poet who is "secluded and sick" is already sad, and it is even more sad to hear the shrill cries of Du Fu and the ape. When the pipa girl plays, she can't help but wet her sleeves.
Exodus 4: the river of no return, a romantic figure through the ages. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. As picturesque as a mountain, how many heroes there are at one time! -Su Shi's Niannujiao? Chibi nostalgia "
Interpretation of the dynamic image: "penetrating the air", "patting the shore" and "rolling up", these three sentences write the scenery of Chibi on the front, which is thrilling:
The steep and uneven stone wall is inserted into the sky, as if it had pierced the sky; Amazing waves beat against the river bank, rolling up thousands of layers of snow-like waves. These vivid descriptions have brought readers into Ma Benteng's fairyland, broadened their horizons and inspired their spirits. Grasping the description here also captures the poet's unrestrained emotion.
Second, sing the "four steps" and analyze the artistic conception.
Image is the basic element of poetry, and these basic elements are integrated with the poet's subjective feelings, forming a harmonious and unified artistic realm-artistic conception. Artistic conception is a symbol to measure the artistic level of poetry, and of course it is also one of the popular test sites for poetry appreciation in college entrance examination.
Read the following poem and answer the questions. (5 points) 08 Tianjin College Entrance Examination
Living in the mountains is Wang Wei's business.
The door of the hedge is closed, looking at the oblique sunlight in the evening. Crane perches on the surrounding pine trees, and tourists are left in cold and sparse places.
Tender bamboo contains new powder, and red lotus loses its clothes. Fishing boats on the ferry are shuttling little by little, and there are people coming and going everywhere.
(1) Analysis of the expression effect of the word "bian" in parallelism sentences.
(2) What kind of scenery and feelings are written in the last four sentences of the poem?
How to appreciate artistic conception on the basis of interpreting images? Let's take the above college entrance examination title as an example and analyze it step by step.
Step 1: Look for images (people, events, scenery): The images in the poem include sunset, cranes, pines, tender bamboo, red lotus, fireworks, picking diamonds and so on.
Step 2: Analyze and describe (grasp the shape, color, sound, state, etc. of the image. ): "Falling light" is the sunset in the west, which is seen by the poet pushing the door and looking up, covering the earth in the mountains. It is not difficult to see that this sunset should be soft, not the bleak sunset written by Ma Zhiyuan; "Time" is the characteristic of pine cranes, which means that there are many pine cranes. The tender bamboo of "new powder" and the red lotus of "falling clothes" should be light green and pink, with bright colors, showing a fresh and lovely posture; Smoke curled up on the ferry, and the diamond pickers returned one after another.
Step 3: summarize the picture (warm and beautiful, leisurely and quiet, bleak and desolate, cold and lonely, etc.). ): Through the analysis of the above images and everyone's understanding of Wang Wei, we can draw the conclusion that this poem depicts a leisurely and quiet picture of Shan Ye's return in his twilight years.
Step 4: Appreciate emotions (common emotions are: sadness, loneliness, sadness, anger, cheerful, calm, noble, concerned about the country and the people, hard to pay, sticking to moral integrity, etc. ): With the analysis of the first three steps, the answer (the author's carefree and calm mood) comes naturally.
Most classical poems can be analyzed by this "four-step", so that we can appreciate the realm of harmony and unity in poetry relatively easily and then answer questions calmly.
Grasp the breakthrough point and interpret the image skillfully; Sing the "Four Steps" and analyze the artistic conception. We might as well try!
Gao Yurong, a teacher, now lives in Laoting, Hebei.