1. Messenger's command. Wei Shouzhuan in the Northern Qi Dynasty: "First, Li Xie and Lu Yuanming were the first to learn about their mission, and both of them were talented and valued by their neighbors." "Ancient Poetry is Jiao Zhongqing's Wife": "The official is poor, and the words are very life-threatening."
2. People who are ordered to perform tasks. Hanshu: "Wu Sun's daughter, Wan Wan Princess, retired after success." Wen Songying's "Jade Pot and Flower Green" Volume 8: "Chengdu is newly restored, and the army is not harmonious. I heard that the mission has come and the trade is booming. I am afraid of guessing. " The eighth and fifth chapters of Water Margin: "Song Jiang is raising a sergeant in Jizhou. He heard that Liao has a mission, but he does not judge good or bad."
2. What words in classical Chinese mean she and you? There is no such thing as "she" in classical Chinese. In ancient Chinese, the personal pronouns of men and women are mostly the same, regardless of gender. "She" is a common personal pronoun in modern Chinese, especially the woman of a third party. There was no such word in ancient China, but it only appeared in the 1920s. In ancient Chinese, the third person as the object was represented by the word "zhi". Using the word "he" as the third person pronoun can represent men, women and everything. Around the May 4th Movement, some literary works also used the word "Yi" to refer to women, such as Lu Xun's early works. In 2008, when Liu Bannong, an important writer, famous poet and linguist in the early days of the New Culture Movement, was teaching at Peking University, she was the first to address women in the third person, which caused a sensation throughout the country. As soon as the word "she" appeared, it was attacked and opposed by feudal conservative forces, but it was quickly recognized, praised and widely used by the people, and it was also included in various dictionaries, which became a sensational news in the cultural circles at that time. Liu Bannong created the word "she", which ended the confusion of the third person in written language. Lu Xun spoke highly of Liu Bannong's creative spirit, saying that the creation of the word "she" was a "great battle". Second, the second person's address (you) is also called symmetry, which is often used as "son, such as, female, if, nai, and". Usually translated as "yours, yours, yours, yours". Oil man-how dare you despise my archery! The word "er" is used at the beginning of the sentence to refer to the old man who sells oil, and it is translated into "you" as the subject. 8. Your mind is solid and impenetrable. "One Mountain in Gong Yu"-Your thoughts are stubborn and cannot be changed. The word "you" is used at the beginning of the sentence, which means "knowing what to do" and is translated as "you". Ten Analects of Confucius-Confucius said, "Zhong You, do you understand everything I taught you?" The word "female" is used in the sentence, and the verb "teach" is used as the object of "teach". Not "Zhong You", but translated as "You" .5438+00. If you are a domestic farmer, why do you have money? Chen She Aristocratic Family-If you are a person hired to plow for others, how can you be rich? "Ruo" is used at the beginning of a sentence to represent Chen She. Equivalent to "you". 55438+0 1. Julian Waghann decided the day of the Central Plains in the north, and the sacrifice of this family will never be forgotten. Lu You's "Shizi"-Don't forget to tell your father the good news when Wang Jun pacified the Central Plains. "Nai" in the sentence is a pronoun. I will definitely settle accounts with you. "Er" is the pronoun "you". Third, the third person is also called "He Shuo", which mainly includes words such as "He, He, Zhi", which can be used to refer to people and act on their behalf. The usage is flexible and usually translates as "He, His, They, Their". For example: 13. So I beat him. "Bi" and "Zhi" here are pronouns, which are used to refer to Qi's army, and are equivalent to "them". His wife expressed doubts about "a foolish man and a mountain", and his wife questioned it. The word "qi" is used to replace his wife, which translates as "his". I hope I can kill him with your hand. The word "zhi" at the end of the sentence1is a pronoun, which replaces "insulting the minister" and is equivalent to "he" .59660.66666666686 As for self-address, that is, "self" and "self" can be translated into "self". For example: 16, Ziyun avoids Qin chaos. Don't do this to others. The Analects of Confucius-Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. The word "self" is the same as above, which means "self". Another nickname is to address others, and the word "person" is often translated into "others" and "others". Example: 18, you don't have to suffer from others' ignorance. That is. 19. It is unfair to attack those who have made great contributions today. Hongmen Banquet-It is immoral to attack those who have made great contributions now. The word "person" is called "person". There are also the emperor's special names "I" and "Solitary", which can usually be translated into "I", "We", "My" and "Our". For example, 1 has been fulfilled, but it says, "I'm dead." "Zheng Ren buys shoes"-I already have shoes, and even said, "I forgot to take them. I won't say anything. I know how you deal with me, but I won't say. " I "is used at the end of the sentence instead of the speaker and as the object. The more I listen, the sadder I feel. The more you listen to Snake Catcher, the sadder it gets. "Yu" is used at the beginning of a sentence, replacing the obedient person, Liu Zongyuan, as the subject. -I am the king of a country, can I go back on my word? "I" is the self-proclaimed "I" of the emperor. 6. There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. "Longzhong is right"-I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. The word "solitary" is used at the beginning of a sentence instead of Liu Bei as the subject. Yugong moves mountains-with your meager strength, you can't level the small mound like the chief's father, but what can you do with the two mountains, Taihang and Prince of Wu? The "Jun" in the sentence is used by Yu Gong's wife to address him respectfully, which is equivalent to "you" 2 1. What does the son rely on? "To study"-What made you go? Zi "is right.
3. Tang Ju does not live up to his mission | The King of Qin asked someone to call Anlingjun: "I want to ease Anlingjun with a land of five hundred miles, and Anlingjun can promise me!" An Lingjun said, "Your majesty is generous, and it is very good to turn the big into the small. Although, after taking over the land from my late king, I am willing to keep it and dare to change it! " The king of Qin was very unhappy. So King Anling sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin.
The king of Qin said to Tang Biao, "My 500-mile land is easy for me to settle down in Anling. Why doesn't Anling listen to me?" Besides, it's not bad that Qin destroyed Korea and Wei, and you live in a place five miles away and are an elder. Today, I am ten times as big as you, please be lenient with you, be my enemy and be lighter than me? " Tang Ju said to him, "No, if not. Ling Jun was guarded by the former king. Although I dare not change a thousand miles, what about five hundred miles straight? "
The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger?" ? "Tang Ju replied," I've never heard of it. The king of Qin said, "When the emperor is angry, he will dump ten thousand pieces of his body and bleed thousands of miles." "."Tang Ju said, "Did your Majesty ever hear of people's anger?" ? "The king of Qin said," When people are angry, they take off their hats and kowtow to the ground. "Tang Ju said," this kind of shallow is angry, but not a scholar. Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon; Nie Zhengzhi stabbed Han Yu and Bai Hongguan; If you want to leave a thorn, Cang ying will hit the temple. These three sons, all dressed in cloth, are still angry, but they are not sent to heaven, just four ministers. When you are angry, you lie on two bodies and bleed in five steps. Today is also the case. " He drew his sword from its sheath.
The king of Qin scratched his face and knelt down to thank him. "Please sit down, Sir! What about this! My words are: Fu Han and Wei died, and Anling lived in a land of fifty miles, just to have a husband. "
4. What is the translation mission of classical Chinese Tang drama?
The king of Qin sent someone to find Anlingjun: "I want to exchange 500 miles of land for Anlingjun, but Anlingjun must promise me!" An Lingjun said, "It's very kind of your majesty to do you a favor and exchange the large one for the small one. Even so, I accept the fief of my late king, and I am willing to guard it for life and dare not exchange it! " The king of Qin was very unhappy. So Ling Jun sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin.
The king of Qin said to Tang Ju, "I exchanged 500 Li of land for Anling, but Anling Jun didn't listen to me. Why? Besides, Qin destroyed South Korea and Wei, but Anlingjun survived with a land of fifty miles, because I took Anlingjun as a loyal minister, so I didn't play his mind. Now I use ten times the land to let Anlingjun expand its territory. Does Anlingjun look down on me against my will? " Tang Ju replied, "No, that's not true. A Ling Junren accepted the fief from the former king and guarded it. Even if Fiona Fang has thousands of miles of land, it dare not change it, let alone only use 500 miles? "
The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard that the son of heaven is angry?" Tang Ju replied: "I have never heard of it." The king of Qin said, "When the emperor was angry, millions of people died and thousands of miles of blood flowed." Tang Ju said, "Has your Majesty ever heard of the anger of civilians?" The king of Qin said, "When civilians get angry, they take off their hats, go barefoot and hit their heads on the ground." Tang Ju said: "This is the anger of mediocre and incompetent people, not the anger of talented and courageous people. (Once upon a time) when Zhuan Xu assassinated Wu Wangliao, the comet's tail swept the moon; When Nie Zheng assassinated Aimee, a white light shone directly at the sun. When Qing Ji was about to be assassinated, the goshawk pounced on the palace. These three people are all talented and courageous people among the common people. Before the anger broke out in their hearts, God gave them a hint of good or ill luck. With me, they will become four people. If a talented and courageous person is angry, two people will fall down and bleed five steps, but everyone in the world will wear mourning, just like today. " Then he drew his sword.
The king of Qin changed his face, knelt down straight, apologized to Tang Ju, and said, "Please sit down, sir. Why is this happening? I see: the reason why South Korea and Wei perished, but Anling survived with a land of fifty miles, just because Mr. Wang is here! "
5. Translation of function words in classical Chinese in Tang drama: 1. So it's not bad (wrong implementation of the Measures) 2. Cangying hits the temple (Cangtong "Cang", cyan gray) 3. Lighten me and (with a "one" to indicate the interrogative tone) 4. My instructions (me). )
Polysemy:
So: 1 I want to use 500 miles to ease the grave. 2. A gentleman saves (depends on) 500 miles. I want to have a husband.
Acts: 1. Also refers to the act of not wearing a hat (nudity, verb) 2. The disciple is also (only, only) with the gentleman.
Husband: 1. The anger of this mediocrity is also (adult, noun). 2. The thorn of her husband's pearl turning is Wang Liaoye (the first sentence is meaningless). Anger: 1. The anger of this mediocrity is also (angry, angry, verb). 2. Anger is not made (anger, adjective). (The former is to send, and the latter is to send, both verbs)
And: 1. Stand up with a sword.
Wisdom: 1. And you live five miles away: (Germany) 2. Willing to keep: (pronoun) 3. Annotation of "Stabbing Liao Wang" also: (between subject and predicate, untranslated)
4. Kneeling and thanking: (pronoun, referring to Tang Ju)
Different meanings in ancient and modern times: 1 If it's not true, it is. Today: today is often used as a judgment word) 2. It's 500 miles straight (straight: ancient: talented, talented. Today: Don't bend) 3. Kneel and give thanks (Xie: Gu: Apologize. Today: thanks, withered) 4. Don't fall into the sky (Hugh: Gu: Ji). Today: often used for rest) 5. Yi 'anling (Yi: Gu: Exchange) is a land of 500 miles. Today: easy, simple) 6. Although, the land and the former king (although: although this. Today: the first half of the sentence uses conjunctions, and the second half uses "but", "but" and "que" to echo it, indicating that the former thing is recognized, but the latter thing is not established because of it. The seventh disciple is Mr. You (disciple: Gu: Cai). Today: disciple) 8. The king of Qin scratched (scratched: ancient: surrendered. Today: a light grasp)
Special sentence pattern: all people who wear clothes also judge sentences without judging three sentences. The anger of this mediocrity is also the adverbial of the former king, so please be more lenient with the adverbial of the former king.
Flexible use of parts of speech: both big and small can be used as adjectives, which can be interpreted as big and small places, and Qin destroyed Korea and Wei. Destruction and death can also be understood as causative usage, which makes South Korea and Wei perish.
Despise me? Light, adjectives are used as verbs to express contempt here. Although thousands of miles dare not change-thousands of miles can be understood as a quantifier used flexibly as a noun, a land of thousands of miles, but now we don't translate it this way. In fact, we also understand that it is smooth to bury a corpse thousands of miles away-because the subject is the son of heaven, burying a corpse thousands of miles away can be understood as instigating, leading to millions of corpses falling and thousands of miles of bleeding. Please use it widely in the army-widely used as an adjective and a verb, and interpreted as an extension.
6. Translation of classical Chinese "Sui Tang Live Up to His Mission" in Grade Three. Qin Shihuang sent someone to find Anlingjun: I want to exchange 500 miles of land in Fiona Fang for Anlingjun, and Anlingjun must promise me! An Lingjun said: It's good that the king can give kindness and exchange the big for the small. Even so, I accepted the fief of my late king, and I am willing to guard it all the time and dare not exchange it! The king of Qin was very unhappy.
So Ling Jun sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. The king of Qin said to Tang Ju: I traded 500 miles of land in Fiona Fang for Anlingjun, but Anlingjun didn't listen to me. Why? Besides, Qin destroyed South Korea and Wei, but Anlingjun survived in the land of Wuli, because I took Anlingjun as an honest man, so I didn't pay attention.
Now I use ten times the land to let a Ling Junren expand his territory. Doesn't he despise me against his will? Tang Ju replied, No, it isn't. A Ling Junren accepted the fief from the former king and defended it. Even thousands of miles of land are afraid to exchange it. Can we only exchange 500 miles of land? The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, Have you ever heard of being angry at having children? Tang Ju replied, I haven't heard of it.
The king of Qin said: The anger of the son of heaven caused millions of corpses to fall and thousands of miles of blood to fall. Tang Ju said, Has your Majesty ever heard of the anger of the common people? The king of Qin said: When people get angry, they take off their hats and hit the ground barefoot.
Tang Ju said: This is the anger of people with shallow knowledge, not the anger of people with courage. Once upon a time, when Zhuan Xu assassinated Wu Wangliao, the light of a comet hit the moon. When Nie Zheng assassinated Han Jing, white clouds usually passed through the sun. Just before Qing Ji was assassinated, the goshawk suddenly pounced on the palace.
These three people are all courageous people from ordinary people. Before the anger in their hearts broke out, signs of good or bad fell from the sky. Now, Zhuzhu, Nie Zheng and I will be four people together. If ambitious people are bound to get angry, they will let two people fall down, so that blood will only flow five steps away. People all over the country are required to wear mourning clothes, and so is it today.
So he drew his sword and stood up. The king of Qin's face softened at once. He knelt down and apologized to Tang Ju and said, Please sit down, sir! Why are you doing this! I see: Why did South Korea and Wei perish, but Anling survived with a land of fifty miles, just because there were gentlemen.
7. The translation of classical Chinese is helpful in many ways, but not in many ways.
The weather and season conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation conducive to combat; The geographical situation conducive to combat is not as good as the will of the people and internal unity in combat.
(For example, in a small town in Lisan, Fiona Fang, there is only an outer city in Qili, Fiona Fang, surrounded by all sides to attack, but it can't win. Surrounding the city on all sides, we must get weather and seasons that are conducive to combat, but we can't win, because the weather and seasons that are conducive to combat are not as good as the geographical situation that is conducive to combat.
The city wall is not high, the moat is not deep, the weapons and equipment are not bad, and the food supply is not insufficient. However, the defending side still abandoned the city and fled, because the geographical situation of fighting (no matter how good) is not as good as the people's hearts and internal unity.
Therefore, the management of the people can't rely solely on the demarcated borders, the consolidation of national defense can't rely on mountains and rivers, and the conquest of the world can't rely on the strength of force. A monarch who can practice "benevolent governance" will have more people to help him, and a monarch who can't practice "benevolent governance" will have fewer people to help him. Few people help him to the extreme, and his brothers and sisters will betray him; With so many people helping him, the whole world will submit to him. On the condition that all the people in the world submit to him, we will crack down on the helpless monarch who is opposed by even relatives. Therefore, the monarch (who can do "benevolent government") won without fighting.
Be born at hardship, die at peace and happiness
Shun rose from the field, from the plasterer who built the wall, the glue was lifted from the fish and salt vendor, Guan Yiwu was released from the prison officer and hired as a photo, Sun Shuai entered the court from the secluded seaside, and Prissy boarded the photo from the street.
Therefore, God will give such a person a great mission-he must first make his heart miserable, his bones and muscles tired, his body hungry and emaciated, and he suffers from poverty. All kinds of actions will hinder and interfere with his career, thus alerting his heart, strengthening his character and constantly increasing his talents.
A person often makes mistakes before he can correct them; If you are upset and your thoughts are blocked, you can make a difference; (A person's thoughts, only) from the face, in chanting and sighing, and then can be understood. And a country, if there is no sage who insists on statutes and assists the king inside, and there is no enemy's foreign invasion outside, will often go to extinction.
In this way, people will understand that anxiety can make people seek survival, while happiness will inevitably lead to extinction.
8. The Tang drama does not live up to its mission, and translated the original text of "Tang drama does not live up to its mission":
Dynasty: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Author: Liu Xiang
The king of Qin said to Anling, "I'm going to exchange the land around 500 miles for Anling. Anling must promise me!" " ! "An Lingjun said:" Your majesty is generous, and it is very good to turn the big into the small. Although I took over the land from my late king, I am willing to keep it, and I dare to change it! "The king of Qin was very unhappy. So King Anling sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin. (That makes sense: Yue)
The king of Qin said to Tang Biao, "My 500-mile land is easy for me to settle down in Anling. Why doesn't Anling listen to me?" Besides, it's not bad that Qin destroyed Korea and Wei, and you live in a place five miles away and are an elder. Today, I am ten times as big as you, please be lenient with you, be my enemy and be lighter than me? " Tang Ju said to him, "No, if not. Ling Jun was guarded by the former king. Although I dare not change a thousand miles, what about five hundred miles straight? "
The king of Qin was furious and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard of the emperor's anger?" ? "Tang Ju replied," I've never heard of it. The king of Qin said, "When the emperor is angry, he will dump ten thousand pieces of his body and bleed thousands of miles." "."Tang Ju said, "Did your Majesty ever hear of people's anger?" ? "The king of Qin said," When people are angry, they take off their hats, go barefoot and kowtow to the ground. "Tang Ju said," this kind of shallow is angry, but not a scholar. Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon; Nie Zhengzhi stabbed Han Yu and Bai Hongguan; If you want to leave a thorn, Cang ying will hit the temple. These three sons, all dressed in cloth, are still angry, but they are not sent to heaven, just four ministers. When you are angry, you lie on two bodies and bleed in five steps. Today is also the case. " He drew his sword from its sheath.
The king of Qin scratched his face and knelt down to thank him. "Please sit down, Sir! What about this! My words are: Fu Han and Wei died, and Anling lived in a land of fifty miles, just to have a husband. "
Translation:
The king of Qin sent someone to find Anlingjun (the monarch of Anling country) and said, "I intend to exchange 500 miles of land in Fiona Fang for Anlingjun, and Anlingjun must promise me!" An Lingjun said: "The king gave us a favor and exchanged our small territory for a large territory. This is really a good thing; Even so, I accepted the fief of my late king, willing to guard it all the time and afraid to exchange it! The king of Qin was very unhappy when he learned about it. So Anlingjun sent Tang Ju to the State of Qin.
The King of Qin said to Tang Ju, "I traded 500 miles of land in Fiona Fang for Anlingjun, but Anlingjun didn't listen to me. Why? Besides, Qin destroyed the southern state of Wei, but Anlingjun survived with the land of five miles in Fiona Fang, because I took Anlingjun as a loyal minister, so I didn't play his mind. Now I use ten times the land of Anling to let Anling Jun expand his territory, but he goes against my will. Isn't this contempt for me? " Tang Ju replied, "No, that's not true. A Ling Junren inherited the fief from the former king, so he guarded it, even if (yes) Fiona Fang's land of thousands of miles (also) did not dare to exchange, not to mention this land of only 500 miles? "
The king of Qin flew into a rage and said to Tang Ju, "Have you ever heard of the wrath of the son of heaven?" Tang Ju replied: "I have never heard of it." The king of Qin said, "When the emperor was angry, a million corpses fell and blood flowed thousands of miles." Tang Ju said, "Has your Majesty ever heard that people are angry?" The king of Qin said, "When people get angry, they take off their hats, walk barefoot and hit their heads on the ground." Tang Ju said: "This is the anger of mediocre and incompetent people, not the anger of talented and courageous people. When Zhuan Xu assassinated Wu Wangliao, the comet's tail swept the moon; When Nie Zheng assassinated Aimee, a white light shone directly at the sun. When Qing Ji was about to be assassinated, the goshawk pounced on the palace. All three of them are talented and courageous people among the common people. Before the anger in their hearts broke out, God gave them a sign of good or bad luck. (Now Zhu, Nie Zheng, leave) Add me, and there will be four people. If people with courage and ability (forced) must be angry, then let the bodies of two people fall down and be full of blood within five steps, and people all over the world will (will) put on mourning. Now is the time. " Say that finish, sword stood up.
The king of Qin changed his face and knelt down straight, apologizing to Tang Ju and saying, "Please sit down, sir! How could it come to this! I see: the southern country and the state of Wei perished, but Anling survived with a land of fifty miles, because of you! "