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Smoking is bad!
Reward score: -Solution time: 17: 4, November 25, 27
Could you please tell me about the disadvantages of smoking in your opinion?
Questioner: China Tobacco Online According to Science and Technology Daily, secondhand smoke is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Secondhand smoke includes both mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke emitted directly from cigarettes, cigars or pipes. Secondhand smoke contains more than 4, substances, including more than 4 toxic substances related to cancer.
In secondhand smoke, the release rate of many compounds in sidestream smoke is often higher than that in mainstream smoke.
second-hand smoke (SHS) is also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Secondhand smoke includes both mainstream smoke exhaled by smokers and sidestream smoke directly emitted from cigarettes, cigars or pipes.
the report of the world health organization shows that smoking is harmful to human beings in many aspects, mainly leading to asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease and reproductive development. Among them, second-hand smoke is no less harmful to passive smokers than active smokers, especially to children.
according to the evaluation results of a professional research institution in the United States in 1998, the annual loss caused by asthma to the American economy reached $12.6 billion, and about 15 million Americans suffered from asthma, of which 5 million were children. Since 198, the incidence of asthma in children under 5 years old in the United States has increased greatly. According to statistics, about 5,1 people in the United States die of asthma every year, with an average of 14 people a day. Asthma causes 14 million absent days of American children every year, which has become the most serious chronic disease affecting children's learning.
According to a report by the US Environmental Protection Agency, children are the biggest victims of environmental pollution. Usually, children will experience higher environmental exposure than adults, and they will breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults, thus inhaling more pollutants. Coupled with children's hyperactivity, poor self-protection ability and imperfect immune function, they are most vulnerable to pollutants.
Secondhand smoke is the most common pollutant that harms children's health. According to the assessment of the World Health Organization, the hazards of second-hand smoke to children's health mainly include: asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, tracheitis, pneumonia and ear inflammation. Exposure to secondhand smoke has led to an increase in the number of attacks and aggravation of symptoms among 2, to 1 million American children suffering from asthma; About 15, to 3, infants under the age of 18 months are suffering from respiratory diseases, and the increasing prevalence of a childhood disease with middle ear effusion is related to secondhand smoke. Among them, about 7,5 to 15, people need hospitalization every year; In addition, there are about 19 to 27 cases of sudden infant death syndrome in the United States every year, which is also considered to be related to the pollution of second-hand smoke.
Secondhand smoke is also the main stimulating factor of childhood asthma. A study shows that the combination of second-hand smoke and mites in the room can make the incidence of asthma in preschool children higher, especially in families where parents smoke, and the chances of their children suffering from related diseases are much higher than those in non-smoking families. In its report to Congress, the US Environmental Protection Agency once pointed out that children are the most precious assets in the United States, and their health is related to the quality and international competitiveness of future American citizens. Ms. Whitman, the current director of the US Environmental Protection Agency, also pointed out: "Today, children account for a quarter of China's population, but they are 1% of China's future. The World Health Organization promises to work with us to ensure that our children can drink safe water, breathe clean air and play on pollution-free land. "
In order to protect children from the harm of secondhand smoke, the United States has launched a series of national actions for many years: among them, secondhand smoke was included in the assessment of three major indoor environmental pollutants completed before 2; The national asthma education and prevention program started as early as 1989; The Presidential Task Force on Children's Environmental Risks with High Priority launched in 1997 and the Smoke-free Family Guarantee Initiative launched last year.
(Note: the expert is Yang Guichen, Chinese Society of Environmental Sciences)
Source: China Tobacco Online According to Science and Technology Daily,
Smoking second-hand smoke is more harmful
A recent research report published by American medical researchers pointed out that passive smoking, commonly known as "second-hand smoke", is more dangerous than previously known, and some women who live with smokers * * *.
This study is based on the examination of the tissues of 16 women who live with smokers in Missouri. It is found that the risk of lung cancer is 2.6 to 6 times that of the general population if the gene called "GSTMI" is mutated or lacking. At present, the gene "GSTMI" has been thought to inactivate carcinogens in tobacco.
"Secondhand smoke" is more harmful than expected. The researchers said that this study is a small-scale experiment at present, which needs further confirmation and expansion. However, if this study is correct, the problem of environmental smoking is far more dangerous than previously known.
lung cancer is considered as a civilized disease by the medical community, because its seriousness is constantly emerging with the progress of society. Since the 2th century, the incidence of lung cancer has greatly increased, and the growth rate is faster than other cancers. In the 192s, there were only over 37 cases of lung cancer reported in the world, but by the 195s, the number of people suffering from lung cancer in the United States alone was as high as 18,3.
Prevention of lung cancer is better than treatment
The most common symptoms of lung cancer include long-term cough, even bloodshot sputum, chest discomfort and tightness, persistent cold symptoms or tracheitis that are difficult to cure, and even difficulty in breathing.
Lung cancer metastasizes quickly, and the cure rate is worse than other cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The treatments for lung cancer include surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Regarding the prevention of lung cancer, it is the wisest thing to stay away from cigarettes and smoke. At the same time, not only try not to smoke,
don't let yourself breathe secondhand smoke, even in public places, you should try to avoid those who smoke
to avoid the harm of secondhand smoke.
Vitamin E reduces the risk rate
Regarding the prevention of lung cancer, a report published by the National Cancer Institute of the United States a while ago said that a few foods rich in vitamin E can reduce the chance of smokers suffering from lung cancer by 2%.
The researchers said that the study found that people with the highest vitamin E content in their blood had a lower proportion of lung cancer. Those who smoke for the shortest time and have high levels of vitamin E in their blood have the best preventive effect < P >. However, experts also pointed out that vitamin E, which can prevent lung cancer, mainly comes from < P > food and whole wheat bread, rather than vitamin E supplements. Foods rich in vitamin E include hard fruits, green vegetables, beans and cereals.
Tobacco harm is one of the most serious public health problems in the world today. At present, there are 1.1 billion smokers in the world, and the death caused by tobacco is estimated to be 1 million every year, and one person dies from the harm of "cigarettes" every 1 seconds. How to reduce the harm of second-hand smoke is related to smokers' own health and the sustainable and healthy development of social environment.
the smoke emitted by smoking can be divided into mainstream smoke (that is, the smoke inhaled by smokers) and tributary smoke (that is, the smoke emitted by tobacco when it is lit). Branch smoke contains more tobacco burning components than mainstream smoke. Among them, carbon monoxide and tributary smoke are 5 times that of mainstream smoke; Tar and nicotine are 3 times; Ammonia is 46 times; Nitranilamide is 5 times. According to calculation, in places with poor ventilation, the amount of cigarettes inhaled by non-smokers in one hour is equivalent to the average dose of inhaling one cigarette.
Non-smokers who smoke passively for more than 15 minutes a day are defined as passive smoking, also known as "forced smoking" or "indirect smoking". In daily life, most people can't completely avoid contact with smoke, so they become passive smokers. According to the results of the national sampling survey on smoking, 39.75% of the 343,563 non-smokers were harmed by passive smoking. Passive smoking accounts for 67.1% at home, 14.4% at work or other public places, and 18.96% at home and in public places every day. The main places of passive smoking were home (71.2%) and public places (32.5%).
Passive smoking is especially harmful to infants, teenagers and women. For children, passive smoking can cause respiratory symptoms and diseases and affect normal growth and development; For pregnant women, passive smoking can lead to stillbirth, miscarriage and low birth weight infants; Passive smoking also increases the risk of respiratory diseases, lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases in adults.
In addition, the problem of second-hand smoke may lead to a series of "relationship crises". Smoking in the family environment and smoking in the office environment is likely to affect the harmony between people.
In order to make all of us have a fresh living space. On the one hand, smokers should try to smoke fewer cigarettes with high tar content and try to control the amount of cigarettes. Smokers and "second-hand smokers" should strengthen their health care, such as taking more vitamin E supplements and doing more physical exercise. On the other hand, we should pay attention to smoking less in public places, especially in indoor spaces with poor ventilation conditions, so as to reduce the pollution to the breathing environment of ourselves and others. It is best to take the initiative to take measures to eliminate or reduce air pollution in frequent smoking environments such as homes, offices, conference rooms, etc., such as placing some green plants such as chlorophytum and ivy, or using air purification equipment. In addition, passive smokers should strengthen their awareness of rights and interests, make full use of the rights conferred by laws and regulations, and discourage smokers in indoor environments such as offices and families.
= =
(1) Why do teenagers want to smoke?
Teenagers look forward to the image and status of adults, and smoke to show their growth, or to represent their sense of maturity and charm. Some young people will try smoking out of curiosity. Teenagers often think that they have infinite youth and are not afraid of disease and death.
Pharmacologists say that nicotine in tobacco can stimulate the central nervous system, which has multiple pharmacological functions and is addictive.
Psychologists believe that smoking is a habit, which is accumulated through constant practice. In fact, whether it is addiction or habit, smoking will unconsciously affect the mood and thinking of smokers, and then "control" the life of smokers.
(2) Composition of cigarettes and diseases caused by them:
According to research, cigarettes and the smoke produced after burning contain more than 4, kinds of harmful substances, which can be divided into four categories from the medical point of view:
(a) Carbon monooxide:
Carbon monoxide is in cigarettes. The heart is an organ with considerable oxygen demand in the human body. If the heart lacks oxygen, it will cause angina pectoris (the disease needs to be explained), and in severe cases, it will lead to death.
(b) Nicotine:
When nicotine enters the human body, it will have many effects, such as contraction of peripheral blood vessels of limbs, rapid heartbeat, rising blood pressure, faster breathing, change of mental state (such as emotional stability or mental excitement), and promote platelet aggregation, which is the main accomplice to cardiovascular diseases such as cardiovascular obstruction, hypertension and stroke.
(c) irritants:
The irritants produced by incense will not only stimulate the eyes, nose and throat, but also stimulate the secretion of bronchial submucosal glands, leading to repeated acute bronchial inflammation and chronic bronchitis.
(d) Carcinogenic substances:
According to the research statistics of American scholars Doll and Peto, the number of deaths caused by smoking accounts for 3% of all cancer deaths, which is the most influential carcinogen (mainly lung cancer) among all known or predicted carcinogens. If people can stop smoking, cancer deaths will be reduced by one third.
In addition, smoking can also cause gastric ulcer. Smoking in pregnant women can easily lead to premature delivery and underweight of the fetus, and even increase the probability of miscarriage.
(3) Hazards of second-hand smoke:
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), also known as second-hand tobacco, is one of the most widely distributed and harmful indoor air pollutants, which mainly comes from mainstream tobacco exhaled by smokers and tributaries released from burning cigarette butts.
According to the experimental results, the effects of secondhand smoke on health are similar to those of smokers. For example, the incidence of lung cancer in a person who does not smoke himself, but whose spouse smokes, increases by 2% ~ 5%, and the infection rate of innocent people living in a smoky environment with environmental cigarettes is 2% ~ 3%.
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, 53, people die from this kind of "negative tobacco poisoning" every year.
(4) How to refuse to smoke secondhand smoke?
˙ tell others and your friends that you don't like smoking.
˙ Don't accept cigarettes handed by others, and get into the habit of refusing.
˙ No matter where you are, stick to the "no smoking area".
(5) How to reduce the harm of inhaled secondhand smoke to our health?
˙ Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables (especially rich in carotene and vitamin C),
Because vitamins have antioxidant function, they can fight cancer (such as papaya, tomato, carrot, pumpkin and other fruits and vegetables). )
˙ Drink more water and urinate more. Exercise more and sweat more, which can accelerate the elimination of nicotine in the body.
26 Respondent: Zhou Anxin-Level 1 27-11-25 11:57
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