1. Subject-predicate inversion
There are three situations in subject-predicate inversion sentences: interrogative sentences with a strong tone; exclamatory sentences with a strong tone; old poems for the sake of rhythm.
① Ziye, who is attacking Ju? (The one who criticized Ju, Ziye?)
②What’s more, you are not doing favors! (This is so unfair to you!)
③What a beautiful room! (The room is beautiful!)
④How great is it that Yao is the king! (Yao was a king, how great!)
⑤Shine its flowers. (The flowers are burning brightly)
⑥The bamboo noise returns to Huan Nu, and the lotus moves off the fishing boat. (The bamboos are noisy and the Huan girl is returning, and the lotus is moving under the fishing boat.)
⑦ How can the young master worry about people's difficulties? (Young master can worry about people’s difficulties! “Zai’an”, the object is in front)
⑧Beautiful, my young China! (My youth in China is so beautiful!)
The above examples respectively reflect the three situations before the predicate: ①⑦ interrogative sentences; ②③④⑧exclamation sentences; ⑤⑥old poems in rhythm.
2. Attributive postposition
There are four situations of attributive postposition:
1. Central phrase + attributive phrase + person
①The plan has not yet been decided, and those who ask for someone to repay the Qin Dynasty will not get it. (Ask someone who can repay the Qin Dynasty)
② A young man in the village who has done good things has tamed an insect. (The young man who does good things in the village)
③Then he led his descendants and three husbands to bear the burden. (Then he led the descendants of the three husbands who carried the load)
④When the prince and guests knew what had happened, they all wore white hats to see him off. (The prince and guests who knew what happened)
⑤The people and horses burned and drowned many people. (There were many people and horses who burned and drowned the dead)
⑥Yandang is also specific and subtle. (It is also specific and subtle, Yandang)
⑦ There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings and sings. (There is a guest who plays the flute)
⑧The men and horses looked at each other, frozen to death. (The frozen dead men and horses look at each other)
⑨At that time, the witches regarded the young girls as good. (At that time, the witches regarded the daughter of a good family)
⑩There were Chu people who crossed the river (There were Chu people who crossed the river)
2. The central word + zhi + attributive, "zhi" is the sign of the postposition of the attributive.
①An earthworm does not have the power of claws and teeth, nor the strength of muscles and bones. (Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth, but strengthen muscles and bones)
② If you live high in a temple, you worry about its people; if you live far away in the rivers and lakes, you worry about your king. (If you live in a high temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your king)
③ How many people can there be in the vast world? (How many people are there in the vast sea?)
④Lu Lixi with a long hairpin, Cui Wei with a crown cutting into clouds. (Wearing Lu Li's long 铗, crown Cui Wei Qie Yun - wearing a long sword, wearing a tall Qie Yun hat)
3. The central word + zhi (er) + attributive + person, "zhi" is the sign of the postposition of the attributive.
①The sonorous sounds of stones are everywhere. (Sounding stones are everywhere)
②These four are the poor people in the world who have no complaints. (These four are the poor people in the world who have no complaint. These four are the poor people in the world who have no complaint.)
③A horse that can travel a thousand miles may eat up everything in one meal A millet or a stone. (Thousand-mile horse)
④Those ministers, officials and people who can face the mistakes of others will receive high rewards. (Those who are able to confront others with their faults will be rewarded by the officials and officials)
⑤Those who follow the instructions of the people of Jingzhou will force the troops to attack. (Attached to the people of Jingzhou)
⑥The chaos of the great eunuchs, the Jin gentry who can not change their ambitions. (Those who can not change their ambitions are Jin gentry)
⑦Those who are wandering children of the country. (The wanderer of the country is a child)
⑧The rich monk cannot come. (Rich monks cannot come)
4. When using quantifiers as attributives, they are mostly placed after the central word. For example:
①Two officials tied one to the king. (Two officials tied one to the king)
② There is only one nuclear boat left. (Trying to make a boat with more than one core)
③Then he led his descendants and three husbands to carry the load. (Then he led the descendants of the three husbands who carried the load)
④I hold a pair of white jade stones, which I wish to present to King Xiang, and a pair of jade buckets, which I wish to present to my father. (A pair of white jade and a pair of jade buckets)
⑤ When Bi arrived at Chen, he had six to seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand riders, and tens of thousands of soldiers. (Compared to Chen, there were six to seven hundred chariots, more than a thousand riders, and tens of thousands of soldiers)
⑥ A single meal may be enough to consume a millet or a stone. (One meal or one stone of grain)
3. Object preposition (key point)
In classical Chinese, the object of a verb or preposition is generally placed after the verb or preposition, but under certain conditions The lower object is preposed.
1. In negative sentences, the pronoun object is placed in front of the object.
①The ancients did not deceive anyone. (Don’t bully me)
②I will not take care of you when you are three years old. (No one cares about me)
③I have no deceit, and you have no danger. (I have nothing to deceive you, and you have nothing to do with me)
④Every time I compare myself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, no one at that time would agree with me. (People at that time did not allow it)
⑤ Sir... He lifted the donkey on his shoulders, but the wolf didn't know it. (And the wolf doesn’t know it)
⑥Don’t be confident, and then ask his concubine again and say... (Beware of not being confident)
2. In interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun serves as the object, and the object is placed in front.
①What's wrong with the king? (Why is the king here?)
② Where is Public Security Pei? (Pei Gong is in An)
③Hey! Weisi people, who can I return to? (Who shall I return to?)
④Fu Jin, why do you hate it? (Fu Jin, why are you so disgusted?)
⑤ Where is the Pei Public Security Bureau? (Pei Gong was in An)
⑥Confucius said: "What's so bad about it?" Use "Zhi", "Zhiwei" or "IS" to preposition the object. When using this object-prepositioning format, you can also add "WEI (WEI)" before the object to form "WEI (WEI)... is" ..." or "only... of..." format, the effect of emphasizing the object is even greater.
①The sun resides in the moon, and the earth below is exposed. (The sun and the moon live in the earth, and the sun and the moon once shined, and after the sunshine left, this naked land was exposed)
②The king will not be sorry for his death, but the ministers will be worried. (Worried about the ministers)
③Since leading the army, the enemy has always been the enemy. (Only looking for enemies)
④Although I go in and out of Jin, I only regard it as beneficial. (Yu Wei Shi Li)
⑤Parents only worry about their illness. (The only worry about the disease is the worry about the disease)
⑥ I don’t know how to read the sentence, and I can’t understand the confusion. (I don’t know how to read the sentence, and I don’t understand the confusion)
⑦ Only Yi Qiu is listening. (Wei Ting Yi Qiu)
⑧The emperor has no relatives, but virtue is his assistant. (Wei Fu De)
⑨Profit-only. (Only seeking profit)
⑩I only follow the lead. (Only look at my horse’s head)
⑾Study diligently, but learning is urgent. (Only eager to improve your studies - Only eager to improve your morality and career)
4. The object is placed before the object in the introduction phrase
① Otherwise, why is it so? (How to get here)
②The whole stone is the bottom. (Using the whole stone as the base)
③Why did Lord Chang'an entrust himself to Zhao? (Why did Chang'an Jun entrust himself to Zhao)
④ Night and day. (Day and night)
⑤ Why did the Lord of Chang'an entrust himself to Zhao? (Why did Chang'an Jun entrust himself to Zhao)
4. Postposition of the prepositional phrase (postposition of the adverbial)
The preposition structure is the prepositional phrase. Commonly used in classical Chinese are " Prepositional phrases composed of "yu" are generally used as adverbials in sentences. There are the following situations when prepositional phrases are postpositioned:
Type 1: Prepositional phrases composed of the preposition "yu" are mostly in the position of complement in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, except for a few In addition to still being used as complements, most of them have to be moved before the verb as adverbials.
① The matter is urgent. Please ask General Sun for help. (Please ask General Sun for help)
②The poor said to the rich... (The poor said to the rich)
③The Duke took advantage of him and fought against the elders. Spoon. (In the battle of Changshao)
④He is known to the princes for his courage. (Hear it among the princes with courage)
⑤This is what is called victory over the court. (This is the so-called victory in the court)
⑥ Therefore, King Yan wants to marry you. (Therefore, the King of Yan wants to marry you)
⑦The minister’s head and the jade are both broken into pieces on the pillar! (The minister's head and the bi are now broken into pieces on the pillars)
⑧Set up nine guests in the court (Set up nine guests in the court)
⑨How dare Zhao leave the bi and offend the king? (How dare Zhao leave the jade and offend the king?)
⑩The green comes from the blue, and the green comes from the blue. (The blue is taken from the blue, and the blue is green)
⑾Li's son Pan...is not limited to the time, and learns from time to time. (Don't be constrained by the time, but learn from the rest.)
⑿ King Hui of Wei defeated Qi and Qin in number, and the country was empty. (The troops of King Wei Hui were defeated by Qi and Qin, and the country was empty.)
⒀ And set up a stone at the door of his tomb (and set up a stone at the door of his tomb)
⒁ As for the loser Sing on the road, and the traveler rests on the tree (As for the loser, sing on the road, and the traveler rests on the tree.)
The second type: preposition phrases composed of the preposition "with" are also mostly in classical Chinese. The position of the complement, in today's translation, is generally moved to the front of the verb as an adverbial.
① It is shaped like a wine bottle and decorated with the shapes of turtles, birds and animals. (Decorated in the shape of turtles, birds and beasts)
②To tell something. (Tell it in detail)
③Why not give it a try. (Why not test it with your feet)
④The five-acre house is planted with mulberry trees. (Make it a mulberry tree)
⑤ Make an alliance as an altar and offer sacrifices to the captain's head. (Sacrifice with the head of the captain)
⑥Break off the sharp grass. (Pull it off with sharp grass)
⑦Cover it with your palm. (Cover it with the palm of your hand)
⑧The counselors talk about the affairs of the world. (Advising ministers on the affairs of the world)
⑨Although Dong Zhi used severe punishment, he used power and anger to inspire him. (Although Dong was tortured severely, he was invigorated with power and anger)
The third type: When the preposition phrase composed of the preposition "Hu" is in the complement position, "Hu" is connected with "Yu". When translating, its components may be determined depending on the situation. The structure of the word "hu" may be used as an adverbial or as a complement.
① He was born before me, and he heard the Tao before me. (Even in my previous life, he who heard the Tao is also my ancestor)
②The name will be remembered by future generations. (He will be famous in future generations)
③A gentleman is knowledgeable and considers himself day by day.
(A gentleman is knowledgeable and self-reflective)