Nine Chapters of Sorrow is a poem by Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State in the Warring States Period, and it is one of the Nine Chapters. The so-called "mourning" means mourning the fact that the capital of Chu was captured by Qin, humiliated by Qin and the people were displaced. This poem uses flashback method, starting from the fact that Qin Jun was exiled when he attacked Chu nine years ago and traveled eastward with the exiles, and then describes the artistic conception of the poem later.
The whole poem can be divided into five layers, each with three sections (four sentences and one section). The first three layers are memories, and their lyricism is mainly expressed through narration; The fourth and fifth layers are direct lyricism: the fourth layer expresses the mood at that time, and the fifth layer is thinking about the causes of national and personal tragedies.
Random words summarize the whole poem from two aspects: emotion and structure. Although the poet misses Ying Du day and night, he can't go back to Korea to serve his motherland because of exile. The whole poem is carefully organized and integrated.
Nine chapters of mourning were written in the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Chu (278 BC). According to Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records, Chu Li ordered Yin to kill Qu Yuan, and Qu Yuan was released to the nearby south of the Yangtze River.
Distinguish and appreciate
The most unique structure of this poem is flashback. The poet was first exiled when Qin Jun attacked Chu nine years ago, and wrote it when he traveled eastward with the exiles, and later expressed his feelings at that time. This makes the tragic pictures and scenes that the poet has been obsessed with since he was exiled stand out.
This poem can be divided into five layers, each with three sections. The first three layers are memories, the fourth layer is to express the mood at that time, and the fifth layer is to think about the causes of national and personal tragedies. Random words sum up the whole poem emotionally and structurally, which is the sixth layer.