[Teaching purpose]
First, the main points of knowledge teaching
1? Understand the relevant knowledge of Yuan Sanqu.
2? Understand the theme and artistic techniques of Wu Yuan Sanqu.
Second, the ability training point
1? Master the ability to appreciate classical poetry.
2? Refine writing methods from works and cultivate students' ability to promote writing through reading.
Third, emotional attitudes and values
1? Through literary works that can represent an era, students can understand the broad social life of this era.
2? Cultivate students' unique aesthetic sense and discover their own unique secrets.
[Conception of teaching method]
First, teaching methods.
1? Design a table to let students know about Yuan Sanqu and the works of related writers through search.
2? By reading the instructions, we can understand the language and grasp the artistic style of the works.
3? Consciously guide writing methods and combine reading and writing.
Second, study law.
1? Use the Internet and other media to find information, communicate with each other, and learn to sum up knowledge systematically.
2? Read repeatedly, grasp the image and experience the feelings.
[Teaching Emphasis and Difficulties]
First, focus: understand the theme and artistic techniques of the work.
Second, the difficulty: appreciate the language of the work and learn various writing skills.
[Teaching process]
First, understand the development of Sanqu.
Let the students report and summarize through their own pre-class preparation.
Wang Guowei said that every generation has a generation of literature. Why did Sanqu flourish in Yuan Dynasty?
Sanqu was originally mainly circulated among citizens, and it is a literary style full of life. Sanqu is a new style poem in Yuan Dynasty. Sanqu can inherit the Song Ci of the Five Dynasties and occupy an important position in Yuan Qu because:
The decline of (1) is the development of the style itself. (This article is the focus)
Since the middle Tang Dynasty, the lyrics of long and short sentences have gradually become a kind of "different" poetic style in the hands of literati, and they have been highly developed in the Song Dynasty. However, in the late Southern Song Dynasty, because the poets were far away from real life, they unilaterally pursued the beauty of words and melody of literature, which gradually declined. The lyrics of folk long and short sentences, after a long period of brewing, absorbed some popular folk lyrics and folk music such as Jurchen and Mongolia, and gradually formed a new form of poetry, which was Sanqu that was circulated in the north at that time.
(2) The introduction of foreign music. Students can say as much as they want in the following paragraphs. )
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, wars were frequent. As ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains, rough and bold nomadic songs and new musical instruments were introduced. Because old words can't play new songs together, then the instruments are different, the tones and beats are different, and the old tunes can't be played together, so new words must be made with new sounds. Sanqu is produced to meet the needs of folk singing. For example, Zhou Deqing's "Rhyme of the Central Plains" records that "the ancient cursers" and "the ancient evils in the Tang Dynasty" are the northern minority music.
(3) The commercial prosperity, the rise of cities and the increasing demand for entertainment in the Yuan Dynasty.
The development of urban economy in Yuan Dynasty prepared rich material conditions for the prosperity of Sanqu. Various geisha performances have appeared in major cities in the north and south, and the entertainment places have become increasingly prosperous, making geisha and artists who can sing and dance make a living by performing skills, so Sanqu flourished.
(4) Mongolian aristocrats like music and entertainment-the advocacy of the ruling class.
After Yuan people went south, they didn't pay attention to the "Four Books and Five Classics" or literati, but those excellent geisha, geisha, song and dance operas were welcomed by them and advocated and encouraged as royal products of princes and nobles. These places also have certain influence on the development of Sanqu.
(5) When foreigners ruled, Han people were oppressed or expressed their anger by Sanqu.
The Song Dynasty was invaded by Liao and Jin nationalities and died in Mongolia in the Southern Song Dynasty. The literati suddenly had to accept the rule of all ethnic groups, and the social order was extremely chaotic. Faced with such a painful and unfair era, literati naturally use some literary form to vent their grievances and helplessness. Yuanqu was the most suitable literary form at that time.
The teacher suggested that we should grasp the internal cause of literary development, that is, the decline of words-the development of style itself.
Second, understand the unique poetic form of Sanqu-accompanying music.
Let the students report and summarize through their own pre-class preparation.
Yuanqu, whether Sanqu or Zaju, is a literary work sung with music score, which must meet the requirements of music beat and be restricted by Gongdiao and Qupai. Gongdiao stipulates the level of musical tunes and the emotion of music. Qupai is the name of the score of each song, which is equivalent to the epigraph of Song Ci. Yuan Sanqu can be divided into two categories, namely set and number set. Xiao Ling is an independent song, originally a popular ballad and ditty. No more than 58 words, a separate name, such as "Water Fairy" and "Mountain Slope Sheep". Different Qupai have different sentences and words, each sentence is different in length, and the level and rhyme of words are different. The author must fill in the lyrics according to the requirements of Qupai and cannot change them. The number of sets comes from Gongdiao, which is a suite composed of more than two songs in the same Gongdiao, and usually has an ending, which requires rhyme. The songs in the middle of each set can be selected in the same palace tune according to the content requirements, and the number of songs can be more or less. Some tunes can also increase the number of sentences at will. In Sanqu, there is also a "take-over song" between poems and collections, which are two songs often sung in the same palace tune before, such as Yao Folk Songs in December and Lv Zhong. There are three connected melodies, such as "scolding Yu Lang", "accepting the emperor's favor" and "picking tea songs" in Lu Nan, but they are rare. In terms of the number of words, both poems and collections should be written according to the rules of Qupai, but the author can add some words at the beginning or sentence of Qupai as a supplement to make the words in Qupai coherent and clear. These extra words are called lines. Generally speaking, use spoken English. In terms of phonology, Yuan Sanqu has no intonation association, and the other three tones, flat, upper and qu, can be mixed freely, which will not hinder the author's expression and creation because the rhyme foot is limited by flat, which is a liberation of rhyme. But when Sanqu rhymes, it must rhyme to the end. There is no rhyme change in the middle, and sometimes even a rhyme in every sentence. In this respect, meter is stricter than poems and words.
Third, understand the situation of Yuan Sanqu writers and works.
Design a form for students to look up after class: name (name, person, serial number, posthumous title), time (year of birth and death, background of the times), place (native place, main living area), books (masterpieces, collections, famous sentences), comments (comments of later generations, writer's writing style).
Fourth, a comparative reading of Gong Zheng? Drunk and peaceful stabbing the world "and" double tone? Qiu Si at night.
Q: What are the language styles of the two Sanqu?
Analysis: "Gong Zheng? The meaning of drunkenness is not wine, but peace stings the world. ""Everyone is too embarrassed. Who hasn't seen the money? " These two sentences come straight to the point and tell the whole theme: the whole world thinks that fate is embarrassing and troubled, and everyone is greedy for money and power. It can be seen that greed for money is the root of corruption in the world. Everyone is eager to get rich and ride a crane to Yangzhou. But people's desires are endless, so they will eventually go to the abyss of human desires, corruption and greed. "When the crystal ring enters the batter basin, it will become sticky and roll." These two sentences profoundly reveal the essence of the big dye vat of society. "Crystal ring" refers to pure people, and "batter basin" refers to turbid society. Even the purest people are dyed black as soon as they step into the big dye vat of society. The word "roll" is used here, which has a special image and undoubtedly depicts a face that is willing to go with the flow and enjoy vulgarity.