2. People's Education Edition requires reading classical Chinese in junior middle schools. Both articles are from the class. (1) excerpts from the story of the nuclear ship and ventriloquism. (1) There are three people sitting in the bow. Dongpo is the man who is standing tall but full of beard. Fo Yin is on the right and Lu Zhi is on the left.
Sue and Huang have read books. ,。
Lu Zhi held the end of the book in his left hand and the book in his right hand, saying something. Dongpo's right foot and Lu Zhi's left foot are slightly different. Compared with the knees, they are all hidden in the folds of the bottom clothes.
Is a unique Maitreya Buddha, topless, holding her head high, her expression does not belong to Su and Huang. Lying flat on your right knee, punting on your right arm, standing on your left knee and leaning on your left arm, you can count pearls vividly.
(b) Suddenly a man shouted "Fire", the husband shouted and the woman shouted. The two children burst into tears.
At that time, hundreds of thousands of people were shouting, hundreds of children were crying and hundreds of dogs were barking. The voice pulled down by Zhongli, the fiery voice, the whistling wind, and hundreds of works together; There are hundreds of cries for help, shouts of married with children, shouts of grabbing water and splashing water.
In this case, there should be some sounds, not the same. Although people have hundreds of hands and fingers, they can't point to one end; A man has a hundred mouths and a hundred tongues in his mouth. You can't name a place.
In this case, the guests didn't frighten their faces, left their seats, stroking their sleeves and arms, and their legs trembled, almost rushing to escape. 1. Complete the blank text in paragraph A. ..
2. Add some explanations to the following words. What is incorrect is () A. The sound of Zhongli's collapse: contains B. Dongpo is now full: performance. C. comparison of two knees: next to each other.
Fo Yin's unique Maitreya Buddha: very, very. 3. The group with the same meaning and usage is () A, whose expression does not belong to the composition of Su and Huang (The Story of Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan) B, who wants to kill himself first and then break the stock (Wolf by Pu Songling) C, who can't name one place, but the mountain is not high and there are immortals (The Humble Room by Liu Yuxi).
(1) Fo Yin's unique expression sentence is: (2) Translation: (3) The above sentence highlights his characteristics. Paragraph (b) describes the audience's strong reaction from three aspects of psychology and psychology, and sets off the "beauty" of ventriloquism performance.
6. The ventriloquism and micro-carving mentioned in the selection belong to folk art.. Besides, what other folk skills do you like? Choose one and explain why you like it.
3. The teaching mode of middle school Chinese expository writing, argumentative writing and classical Chinese is best applied directly, and it is urgent to ask for classical Chinese: the teaching materials of Yueyang Tower. For a long time, the teaching of classical Chinese has been confined to the word "essence", emphasizing knowledge acceptance, focusing only on grammar and grammar, ignoring the subject of learning, lacking the unique emotional experience of teachers and students in the teaching process, and forming the teaching mode of classical Chinese.
Undoubtedly, this kind of teaching can't meet the needs of the new curriculum reform, and it can't cultivate students' understanding of the essence of classical culture. Therefore, the teaching of classical Chinese must be grasped from a higher level and a broader perspective, so that students can have a process of understanding on the basis of dredging the meaning of the text and express their feelings to the author in combination with their own life and emotional experience.
Make full use of information to understand the work itself, so that classroom teaching becomes a reflective process of teacher-student exchange experience and a cooperative process of data integration. Only by learning through inquiry, improving through cooperation and subliming through perception can the teaching of classical Chinese be truly personalized and diversified, thus achieving the higher teaching requirements and evaluation proposed by the new curriculum standard of classical Chinese in middle schools: "Read ancient poems, consciously accumulate insights and apply them to improve your appreciation taste and aesthetic taste."
First, the teaching philosophy 1 advocates autonomous learning. Autonomous learning is a "learning ability" based on the development of self-awareness; "Want to learn" based on students' intrinsic learning motivation; Learning based on mastering certain learning strategies; "Persist in learning" based on hard work.
The expansion course of Yueyang Tower is chosen precisely because the ability of appreciating ancient prose, evaluating works and understanding things has reached a certain depth and breadth, and students will be interested in the beauty of literature and lofty thoughts, thus stimulating their desire to explore. In this way, under the careful guidance of teachers, under the premise of "being able to learn" and "wanting to learn", students can master the strategy of learning ancient prose appreciation, so as to achieve "being able to learn" and lay the foundation for exploring ancient prose and "persisting in learning" in the future.
Improve students' humanistic quality, enrich cultural details, realize independent communication and independent inquiry, and return the initiative of learning to students. 2. Establish an open classroom.
The new curriculum emphasizes that the teaching process is regarded as a process of communication, benign interaction and common development between teachers and students. This requires our teachers to strive to create a classroom for exploration, communication and cooperation.
Teachers and students communicate with each other, complement each other under mutual inspiration, appreciate each other's thoughts, experiences and knowledge, and express their feelings and experiences. This kind of autonomous and vivid classroom will enrich the teaching content and make new discoveries at the same time, and realize the common development of teachers and students.
For Yueyang Tower, which has been sung through the ages, the information is extremely rich, and teachers can't fully grasp and understand it. We should make full use of students' intellectual resources, encourage and guide students to participate in teachers' lesson preparation with the help of the internet and modern media, and create an open classroom thinking space in breadth and depth. 3. Respect personal experience.
Teachers create a harmonious and relaxed learning environment with favorable eyes and appropriate encouragement. Give students the freedom to think, appreciate and express.
Let students pay attention to the aesthetic quality of the works and the projection of the author's aesthetic consciousness. Guide students to put forward their own unique opinions from textbooks, and advocate students to develop from Fan Zhongyan's mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for themselves" and ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", so as to arouse students' comments on the historical and contemporary social environment and reflect their own aesthetic creative personality.
Second, teaching material analysis's "Yueyang Tower" is an ancient prose in Unit 6 of Book 5 of People's Education Press, and it is a famous article that has been celebrated through the ages. He is not only brilliant in literary talent but also ambitious.
Fan Zhongyan's broad mind and lofty ambition of "not being happy with things, not being sad for himself" and "worrying about the worries of the world first, and enjoying the joy of the world later" reflect the charm of his personality, like a bright lamp, which still gives people a clear indication. It is not only a good carrier of aesthetic education and classical humanities education for students, but also a model course to adapt to the new curriculum reform and create diversified ancient Chinese teaching.
Third, student analysis: In the third grade, students' psychological development tends to be mature, and abstract thinking has developed at a deeper level while being rich in image thinking. Appreciation of literature not only stays in perceptual experience, but also has rational analysis and a higher level of aesthetics.
Based on the consideration of cultivating students' autonomous learning ability in classical Chinese, opening up students' thinking space, improving cultural taste and advocating personality analysis, I chose Yueyang Tower with beautiful structure, language and concept, and designed this section to expand teaching. Fourth, teaching design: (1) teaching objectives: 1, knowledge and skills: understand the writing method of the article and master the author's unique and carefully designed ingenuity; Correctly understand the profound connotation of famous aphorisms.
2. Process and method: On the basis of students' full collection and screening of information, students communicate independently and actively explore, so that students can experience the fun of inquiry in cooperative learning. Through the communication and mutual improvement between teachers and students, aesthetic consciousness can be realized.
3. Emotion, attitude and values: Feel the author's mind and ambition, understand the author's political ideal at the same time, guide students to think about life and learn from history and traditional cultural thoughts. (2) Teaching emphasis: understanding the uniqueness of the author's ideas, understanding the article's feelings in the scenery and expressing his writing style.
(3) Teaching difficulties: understanding the profound connotation of famous aphorisms and the author's interest. (4) Teaching methods: students communicate independently, teachers and students cooperate to explore, supplemented by the method of creating situations.
(5) Teaching process: 1. Scene introduction: Show pictures known as "Four Famous Buildings" in ancient China, with classical music. With Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting, "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * the sky is one color", and Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower", "Every tree in Hanyang becomes clear in water, and a nest of herbs in Parrot Island", the literati chanted Yueyang Tower.
2. Cooperation and communication: try to enrich the teaching content with network materials and stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and desire for inquiry. In class, through the independent communication of group members, we can enjoy resources and cultivate students' communication ability and sense of cooperation.
3. Independent inquiry: Question 1: Under the circumstance that "what the predecessors said is well prepared", from which angle did Fan Zhongyan choose to record Yueyang Tower? Question 2: What are the unique features in the text that make Yueyang Tower a masterpiece that will be celebrated through the ages? Yes
4. Compare and read the following two paragraphs of junior middle school classical Chinese, and do 6~9 questions. [Answer] Wu Guang loves his wife, and most of his foot soldiers are users. He will get drunk, so he will say that he wants to die, and he will be angry and humiliate him to anger his public. Guo Wei covers everything. Wei Jianting, who was widely taken away from him, killed him, assisted by Chen Sheng. The disciples said, "Your Majesty." They lied that their sons, Fu Su and Xiang Yan, obeyed the wishes of the people and were called Great Chu. They made an alliance for the altar and offered sacrifices to the head of the commander in chief. Chen Sheng, as a general and Guangwu as a commander, attacked osawa town alone, but closed it and attacked it. Therefore, Ying Ge, Liv's commander, was ordered to attack soldiers in the East. Bobby Chen and others started in osawa. In September, Jishou (1) said to Liang (2), "Jiangxi has rebelled, and this is also the time when Qin died. I heard that the first thing to do is to defeat people, and then people will succeed. I wanted to send troops and make the public a general of Hengchu. " That was the time when Chu was destroyed in Ze. Liang said: "When Chu perished, people didn't know its location, only its location." Liang was born. So he drew his sword and beheaded him. Xiang Liang protects the head and gives the seal. The door was terrified, and he killed hundreds of people. All the houses were frightened, so he didn't dare to get up ... So Liang ran for the county for General Hui Jishou and General Bijiang. (Excerpted from Historical Records of Xiang Yu) [Note] ① Huijishou: Huiji County. So it is also called Xiang Yu. 4 strabismus: 6. Try to explain the meaning of the following words. (2 points) ① Wu Guangsu loves her lover; She loves her husband from time to time; 4 dogs are sick all over the world; 7. Translate sentences with horizontal lines in the text with modern Chinese; (4 points) ① So many people are dying, angry, embarrassed, and even angry. Everyone died in their own place. Translation: 8. Please summarize the main contents of these two paragraphs in your own words. (4 points) A: 9. From the events described in the two paragraphs, we can see what kind of people Chen She and Xiang Liang are (4 points) A: Answer: 6. ① Plain: always ② ratio: wait until ③ general: commander in chief, lead ④ death: escape (2 points, each. Let them insult him, insult him, to anger the foot soldiers. It is said that the first action can subdue the other party, and then the second action will be controlled by the other party. (4 points. 2 points for each sentence, consistent words are not required, the translation is correct, and you can be speechless. ) 8. The first article describes the process of Chen Sheng and Guangwu Uprising. The second article describes the mutiny process of Xiang Liang's seizure of the position of county chief. (4 points, 2 points each) 9. And have certain organizational and leadership skills. Xiang Liang is a calm, sophisticated (or wily, insidious, etc.) person. ) people who act quickly and decisively and are good at improvising. (4 points. 2 points each) Chen, a native of Yangcheng, Wu Guangzhe, a native, uncle, tried to plow with others when he was young and was disappointed for a long time. Swallows know the ambition of swans! "... retreat. Compared with Chen, he rode six or seven hundred chariots, rode thousands and killed tens of thousands of people. When Chen was attacked, Chen Shouling was absent. Fu Sheng and Shou Cheng died, but he entered Chen. A few days later, he ordered three senior brothers, heroes and all of them to explain things. The third brother and the hero all said, "The general is strong. Chen She, Bobby Chen and Wang Fan were killed in June. They became kings, and his old friend Chen Wang heard about it from his servant Tiller. He closed the door of the palace and said, "I want to see it." Now the palace door wants to be bound. I want to defend myself, but I refuse to make it clear. When Wang Chen came out, he covered the road and asked for it. When Wang Chen heard about it, he was summoned and brought home. He entered the palace and refused to make it clear. (2) "Truman said that many people are partners, so it spread all over the world, and partners are all involved in the king, from the beginning. The guests are getting more and more comfortable. They say that Wang Chen likes it here very much. Or, Wang Chen said, "The guests are ignorant, they are ignorant, and they are arrogant. "Wang Chen cut it down. Wang Chen's old friends are all led by themselves, so they have no relatives. [Note: ① Yi, through "Yi", exclamation point. 2 thick: rich and profound. ③ zhuān: Unique, expert. 13. Explain the words added in the following sentences. (2 points) ① Compare Chen: () ② Or Chen: () 14. Swallows know the ambition of swans! " (2) Chen Wang's old friends are all self-conscious, so Chen Wang has no relatives. 15. What do you think of Bobby Chen's sentence "If you have money, you won't forget each other" (2 points) 16? What do you think are the reasons for Chen She's success and failure before and after the establishment of political power? What inspiration can you get from it (2 points) ① Reason: ① Inspiration: Answer: 65438. Wait until (2) someone (2 points for this question, each small question 1 point) 14. (1) Chen She sighed and said, "How do sparrows know the ambition of swans?" "(2) Many of Chen She's old friends and acquaintances have left each other, so no one goes near Chen She again. (4 points for this question, 2 points for each small question, translation error 1 point 1 until the deduction is over) 15. It reflects his dissatisfaction with the status quo, his desire to change his destiny, and his yearning for a rich life, which shows that he shares joys and sorrows with poor friends. Answer the last sentence only) 16. (1) win people's hearts, lose people's hearts and fail. (1) ② People's heart is the key to success. (1) Read two short articles and answer questions about Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi and Dong Yun. All people are loyal and sincere, they are based on the advice of the first emperor. General Xiang Chong, good character, good military. He has been tried in the past. The first emperor called him neng, and he was discussed and favored by many people. Foolish people think that things in the camp will be harmonious as long as they are discussed, and both advantages and disadvantages will be obtained. Yan Zi of literature and art is very harmonious, and his wife is peeping at the door. Her husband is pleasant, generous and strategic.
5. A comparative reading of classical Chinese and Zhu 1 clean and windy 2. Tianshan Mountain * * * color 3.
Floating from the stream 4, anything 5. From 6 Fuyang to 7 Tonglu, Baili 8 Li, strange mountains and different waters, chinese odyssey.
The water is 10 aquamarine 1 1 and reaches the bottom. Protamine 12, direct vision 13.
Riptide 14 Even Arrow 15, fierce wave if 16 Chong 17. Cold tree 18 is born in the mountains near the shore.
Negative potential 19, with a difference of 20%; The height dispute points to 2 1 and 22 thousand peaks. The spring stirs 23 stones, which sounds 24; Okay, 25 birds sing 26, and they rhyme 27.
Cicadas are endless, and apes are endless. The kite flew for 30 days, and the peak eased by 31; People who manage world affairs are 32 years old, and they forget to be 33 years old.
Transverse branch cover 34, still dizzy 35 during the day; Sparse strip horizontal 36, sometimes see 37 38. [1-3]2 annotation translation editing text annotation 1. Book: It's antique.
2. The wind and smoke are clean: the smoke has completely dissipated. Wind smoke refers to smoke.
All, all, all. Net, completely dissipated.
3.*** Color: Same color. * * *, the same.
4. Go with the flow: Go with the flow by boat. Follow, follow, follow.
5. Anything: the situation allows the ship to follow its own wishes, sometimes eastward and sometimes westward. East and west, direction, here as a verb, floating east and west.
6. From: From. 7. to: to.
8. Xu: indicates the approximate quantity, up and down or so. 9. Unique: unique.
Only, only. Sure, that's great.
10. All: All, all. 1 1. Pale (Pio) Bi: The original "Pale Bi" was changed to this one according to other versions, showing a bluish white color.
12. Swimming fish and small stones: swimming fish and small stones. 13. Look straight: If you keep looking, you can see clearly without obstacles.
Here, the river is described as crystal clear. 14.tuān: fast flowing water.
Urgent, quick, quick, fierce. Rapidly flowing water.
15. Even arrows: "More than arrows", faster than arrows. What? Phoebe, Phoebe.
In order to keep the number of words neat, the middle word "Yu" 16 is omitted. If: it seems so.
17. Ben: the verb is used as a noun, which means running a horse. 18. cold tree: let people see a cold tree.
19. negative potential struggle: the mountains struggle upward against high and steep terrain. Negative, dependent.
Competition, competition. Get up. Get up.
This sentence refers to "high mountains", not "cold trees", as can be seen from the following sentence "Thousand Peaks". This means that these mountains seem to be competing to extend high and far.
Xuan, reach out to the villa. Miao, stretch out into the distance.
These two words are used flexibly as adjectives and verbs here. 2 1. Point straight to the sky.
Point, direction and up. 22. Thousand peaks: refers to the formation of countless peaks.
23. impact: impact, flapping. 24. Lingling: Make a sound.
Lingling, onomatopoeia, describes the clarity of underwater sound. 25. good: beautiful.
26. Xiangming: Sing to each other, sing to each other. 27. rhyme (yρng) rhyme: the sound is melodious and harmonious.
Melody, birdsong. Rhyming, harmonious voice.
28. Cicada is endless: Cicada keeps chirping for a long time. Then, auxiliary words have no real meaning.
A thousand turns: a long and persistent dog barking. Thousands mean a lot, and the following "thousands" and "hundreds" all mean a lot.
Turn, through the birdsong of "Yi". Here refers to cicada singing.
Poor, exhausted. 29. Endless: it means "endless".
As opposed to "not poor" in the previous sentence. Never stop.
30. Kite (yuān) flies to the sky (Li): From the Book of Songs, elegant and dry foothills. The eagle flies high into the sky, which is a metaphor for people who pursue fame and fortune and strive to climb higher.
Kite, commonly known as eagle, is good at flying high and is a fierce bird. Crime, to.
3 1. Look at the peaks and relax: It means that when you see these majestic peaks, your heart of fame and fortune will calm down. Rest, make ... calm down, use.
32. Leon: A person who manages social affairs. Economy, planning and management.
World affairs, government affairs. 33. Forget the valley: When you see these beautiful valleys, you will linger.
Peek, look. Reverse, pass "return", return.
34.kēˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉˉ\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
On top, the position noun is an adverbial, on top. Cover. Cover.
35. It's still yellow during the day: it's as dark as dusk. Day by day.
Jude, it looks like. 36. meet each other with sparse branches: sparse branches cover each other.
Branchlets are few and far between. Show each other and hide each other.
Cross each other. See: see.
38. Day: Sun, sunshine. [4-7] The wind and smoke have dissipated, and the sky and mountains have become the same color.
Go with the flow, drift east or west at will. From Fuyang to Tonglu, about 100 Li, strange mountains and strange waters, chinese odyssey.
The water is bluish white, and the bottom can be seen in clear water. You can see swimming fish and tiny stones directly, without obstacles.
The swift current is faster than an arrow, and the fierce waves are like galloping horses. Cold-resistant trees grow on the mountains on both sides of Jiajiang River. The mountains are competing upward according to the steep mountain situation, and these mountains extend to high places and far away in the competition. The mountains compete with each other and form countless peaks.
The spring water splashed on the rocks, making a crisp and pleasant sound; Beautiful birds sing in harmony with each other, and their songs are harmonious and beautiful. Cicadas have been chirping for a long time, while apes have been chirping for a long time.
Just like a fierce bird flying into the sky, people who strive for high positions for fame and fortune will calm down when they see these majestic peaks. People who are busy with government affairs all day will linger when they see these beautiful valleys.
Oblique branches cover it, even during the day, it is as black as dusk; Sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes you can see the sun. [ 1] # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. Stone walls on both sides, five colors meet.
Green forest 6 bamboo 7, 4: 08, all 9 ready. Fog will rest at 10, and apes and birds will sing at 1 1 (Xi). The sun sets at 13(tuí), and 14 scales sink.
The real 15 is 16, and the fairy capital in the world of desire 17. Since 18 Le Kang 19(lè), no more than 20 people can be compared with 2 1 (yú) and 22(qí).
The beauty of mountains and rivers has been appreciated and respected by literati since ancient times. Towering peaks soar into the clouds, and clear streams are crystal clear.
The stone walls on both sides of the strait are colorful and complement each other. Lush trees and green bamboo exist all year round.
When the morning mist was about to dissipate, there were songs of apes and birds. When the sun is about to set.