Introduction to the work
"The Du of You" is an ancient poem in "Guo Feng" in "The Book of Songs". The excellent artistic effect of this poem is closely related to the special structure of the poem. Chen only commented: "This poem has five chapters. The first two chapters are in one tune, the last two chapters are in one tune, and the middle chapter is changed from the previous chapter to serve as a link. The word "Dudan" is the next one." The introduction of "Day", "Ye" and "Hundred Years of Life" is unique among other poems.
Comparison of the original text, translation and annotations
"The Book of Songs·Tang Feng·You Qi Zhi Du" translation and annotation Explanation: The poet expresses the feeling of loneliness and longing for friends. Original Translation Annotation The Du of Youzhi, ①
was born in Daozuo. ②
That gentleman,
is he willing to bite me? ③
The center is good, ④
How about eating and drinking? ⑤
Youzhi Du,
was born in Daozhou. ⑥
That gentleman is here,
Are you willing to come and swim? ⑦
The center likes it,
Does it eat well? That Duli tree is really lonely.
It grows in a remote place on the left side of the road.
That gentleman is so elegant,
Are you willing to come and visit me?
I love my friends and want to talk to them,
Why not invite them over for a drink?
That Duli tree is really lonely.
It grows in a remote place on the right side of the road.
That gentleman is so elegant.
Are you willing to come and see me?
I love my friends and want to talk to them,
Why not invite them over for a drink? ①杕(dì地): The solitary trees have a unique appearance. Du: Du Li, also known as Tang Li.
②Daozuo: the left side of the road, the ancients regarded the east as the left.
③ Eat (shì YES): pronounce words. As soon as I say He, He. Suitable: to arrive, to go.
④ Center: the heart.
⑤曷: Same as "盍", why not. Diet (yìn sì 音四): drink and eat. One talks about satisfying the desire of love.
⑥ Zhou: The pretense of right.
⑦You: Come and see.
F-123 You Ji Du
Problem explanation and original text A woman loves a man and hopes to get along with him. It is said that this is a poem seeking talents.
Youzhi Du was born on the left side of the road. This gentleman is here, is he willing to eat and drink? Is he good at the center and eats and drinks?
You have the Du of Qi, who was born in Daozhou. That gentleman is here, is he willing to come and visit? If the center is good, he will eat and drink?
Notes
1. You (dì): equivalent to "杕杕", standing tall and straight look like.
2. Dao Zuo: "Zheng Jian": "Dao Zuo, Dao Dong."
3. Eat (shì): a spoken word, meaningless. Suitable: Come, arrive.
4. Hue: Why not. Diet: Eat. This is a metaphor for "getting along" and "coming". Wen Yiduo's "Selected Poems and Notes": "Eating is a symbol of sexual intercourse in Shouyu." (廋: 音域sōu, hide, hide).
5. Dao Zhou: Dao West, Dao Right. "Explanation": "Zhou, "Han Shi" is on the right."
6. Laiyu: Laiyou.
Vernacular translation
A tall Tang pear tree grows alone on the east side of the road. That young and handsome man, is he willing to come and stay with me? I really love him in my heart, when will I be able to be with you?
A tall Tang pear tree grows alone on the right side of the road. That young and beautiful man, is he willing to go sightseeing with me? I really love him in my heart, when will I be able to be with you?
Regarding the purpose of this poem, there have always been many views: first, the theory of assassinating Duke Wu of Jin ("Preface to Mao's Poems", etc.); second, the theory of good virtuous people! Zhu Xi's "Collected Poems", He Kai's " "The Ancient Meanings of the Book of Songs", etc.), 3. The theory of welcoming short songs (Gao Heng's "Modern Notes on the Book of Songs"), 4. The theory of missing one's husband (Lan Jusun's "Modern Translation of the Book of Songs", etc.), 5. The theory of wandering and begging (Chen Zizhan "Selected Translations of Guofeng", etc.), 6. The theory of love songs (Cheng Junying's "Translation and Annotation of the Book of Songs", etc.), 7. The theory of loneliness and looking forward to friends (Zhu Shouliang's "Commentary on the Book of Songs", etc.).
The above statements should be considered to be close to the purpose of the poem in terms of loneliness and looking forward to friends.
Throughout the ages, communication between people has been indispensable. This poem describes a lonely person who is eager to visit his friends and have a drink and talk to relieve the pain of loneliness.
Human beings all have a "desire for life", and this "desire for life" is based on people's mutual help and communication. Once it is not satisfied or has problems, When there is something missing, there will be a sense of loneliness. When the "desire for life" is satisfied, the feeling of loneliness will be eliminated.
It seems that the "I" in the poem has realized that there is a "wall" separating me from the outside world, I have lost contact with friends, and I feel deeply lonely. In order to get rid of this sense of loneliness and gain spiritual comfort or sustenance, he tried to change his isolation from the world and longed for good friends to visit, establish friendship and exchange feelings with each other.
The poem *** has two chapters, six sentences each. The beginning of each chapter is "Xingzhibiye" (He Kai's "Book of Songs"). Duli grows in remote places in the wilderness. Its fruit is small and sour. It has always been ignored by people and looks lonely. Here, the author borrows objects to evoke emotions, uses objects as metaphors for people, and uses the method of touching objects to excite sighs to lead to the following text, which seems logical.
The whole poem takes the psychological activities of "I" as the main line, and frequently calls "gentlemen" to visit with expectant eyes, sincere attitude, and hospitality. "I" starts from my strong desire to find friends and imagines the mentality and behavior of both parties step by step. "I" have a "centered liking" for the "gentleman", but is he "willing to eat me" and "will he come to swim"? I'm afraid that the psychological activity of "getting what I want" will appear on the paper. "The word "Ken" is written beautifully, and I hope it will come, but I don't dare to expect that the center will come if I am willing." (Zhu Shouliang's Commentary on the Book of Songs) From the perspective of the whole poem, "the center is good" is a key sentence and should not be taken lightly. Read. "I" have a good impression of the "gentleman" and am eager to interact with him, but in what way? After thinking about it again and again, why not invite the "gentleman" to my home as a guest, serve him fine wine and delicacies, and treat him hospitably. Take this opportunity to show your sincerity in hospitality, and to exchange emotions and deepen friendship. Perhaps this is the intention behind the use of "混食之之" in the last lines of both chapters of this poem. If you think about it more carefully, the word "曷" seems to have an "off-screen voice" - a tentative psychology; or as Niu Yunzhen said: "The word '曷' has countless wonderful things that can't be described." ("Poetry")
As for whether "my" wish for friends has come true? There is no explanation in the poem, so we won't leave it here. However, one thing is certain, that is, the original loneliness of "my" has been vented through poetry and has been alleviated to a certain extent.
After reading this short poem, a vivid picture appeared in front of my eyes: beside the ancient road in the wilderness, there was a solitary pear tree, looking forward to friends standing there eagerly awaiting the visit of the "gentleman" His demeanor and the scene of hospitality to the "gentleman" (this is "my" imagination) are still vivid in my mind.
The structure of this poem has the characteristics of repeated singing of folk songs. Each chapter has the same number of sentences and words. To say that there are changes, only three words have been changed at the end of the second and fourth sentences of Chapter 2, that is, "Zuo" in Chapter 1 has been changed to "Zhou", and "Shiwo" has been changed to "来游". Word changes It is also related to the change of rhyme. In the first chapter, "Zuo" and "I" rhyme in every other sentence, and in the second chapter, "Zhou" and "You" rhyme in every other sentence.
(Yin Guangxi)
You Jizhi Du · The Book of Songs | Commentary | Explanation | Vernacular Translation