Most of Wang Changling's frontier poems express soldiers' patriotic contribution and homesickness with old Yuefu poems. Poetic style is mostly used in the seven wonders of easy music. It is different from Gao and Cenduo's seven-character ancient poems.
His "Joining the Army" has always been regarded as a frontier masterpiece. Some of these poems express the patriotism of soldiers:
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.
The desert is foggy, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive.
The former poem is based on the lonely city of snowy mountains, which strongly shows the determination of soldiers who have been through many battles and wear golden armor to swear to sweep Loulan. The latter poem strongly depicts the scene when soldiers heard the good news from the former army when they went to the battlefield, showing more excitement. There is a poem describing the "border worries" that soldiers will inevitably have when they are guarding the border for a long time:
The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk. Guan Shanyue, who plays Qiangdi, is not worried about the golden boy Wan Li.
There is always a sense of parting in the new voice of pipa dance. I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
Both poems are writing and listening to songs, which cause anxiety and are good at blending scenes. The previous poem, with the sea breeze of high-rise buildings at dusk, sets off the feelings of lovesickness born of music in Wanli, which is integrated into the scenery; After the poem, the desolate scenery of the Great Wall on a moonlit night set off the parting thoughts of music, which melted feelings into the scenery. Although these poems are written about "the worries of the frontier", their artistic conception is vigorous, expanding, intense and sad, which is by no means a general tenderness for children.
His poem Fortress was once considered as a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty.
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
The poet accurately and truly expressed the same wish of the soldiers: I hope that the national generals can appoint people, strengthen border defense and let them live a peaceful life. The phrase "the moon is bright in Qin dynasty, and the customs are closed in Han dynasty" not only has a lofty artistic conception, but also arouses people's infinite meditation with the history of continuous border wars and countless soldiers who have not been spared since Qin and Han dynasties. Therefore, the wishes expressed in three or four sentences are deep and implicit, and they are resistant to repeated reciting.
In addition to the four wonders mentioned above, his "A Master of Fufeng" in the Five Dynasties describes the pain of a soldier returning home when he is old, and the plot is quite similar to Bao Zhao's "Song of the East". Among them, "When I went, I went to Chang 'an alone. I don't believe that the battlefield is fierce, and the swords are shadows. " Especially praised by Fan Yin.
Some of his poems describing ladies-in-waiting and ladies-in-waiting are also excellent, such as Long Xinqiu Ci:
The broom opens the golden palace, and the round fan lingers for the time being. A beautiful face is not as beautiful as a crow, and it can also bring the shadow of Zhaoyang Hall.
If the unfortunate man's fate is to be lost in thought for a long time, then he will see the dream of the king waking up again in his mind. The light shines on the west palace, knowing that it is a night drink, and seeing the favor.
Here, the shadows on the back of West Western jackdaw and the lights of the banquet in the West Palace after the dream are intertwined with the hopes and disappointments of the ladies-in-waiting. It is from these subtle feelings of daily life that he reveals the long and profound inner pain of ladies-in-waiting. The poem "Forever in My Heart", "I suddenly see a strange willow color and regret to teach my husband to find the marquis", evokes the past from the present feelings and expresses resentment with contradictory feelings, which makes me feel deeper and more considerate. In addition, Parting with Xin Jian at Furong Inn and Listening to the Flowing Tone are also his masterpieces.
Seven-character quatrains also originate from folk songs. Song of the Walker and Song of Yuzhou in Wei and Jin Dynasties are all seven-character poems with rhyming sentences. Qiu Si Yin written by Tang Huixiu in Song Dynasty is the earliest seven-character poem written by literati, and the third sentence is blank. During the Northern Dynasties, there were more and more authors, among which Xiao Gang's Watching Goose Alone at Night, Wei Shou's Song of Playing the Piano and Yu Xin's Mourning for the Past were all famous. Sui anonymous "Farewell Poem" just meets the specifications. There were many occasional writers in the early Tang Dynasty, but their achievements were not high. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were many literati, and Yuefu lyrics were mainly quatrains. Wang Changling is the best at exerting strength and achieving the highest achievement, and his descendants call him the "Seven Musts". Because he is good at capturing typical scenes and generalizing and imagining, his language is mellow and rich, with harmonious timbre and full of folk songs. Therefore, his writing on traditional themes can make readers feel meaningful and the situation is always new.
Li Qi (date of birth and death unknown) was born in Dongchuan, Santai, Sichuan. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan, he was a scholar and served as the governor of Xinxiang. After a long time, he returned to Dongchuan and lived in seclusion as an alchemist. Normal University, Wang Changling, Wang Wei and Cui Hao are all his friends.
His poems are also varied. Although there are not many frontier poems, his achievements are the most outstanding. The song "Ancient Meaning" says:
Ladies and gentlemen, when the country is heavy and the military expedition, it's your turn to gallop at an early age. I often compete with others at once, and I never cherish my seven feet. To fight bravely, no one dares to come forward to recruit; He has a dignified look and a beard as lush as a hedgehog. Bai Yunfei, Tommy Tam, Huang Yun, you can't repay without gratitude. A young woman in Liaodong, 15 years old, can play the pipa, sing and dance. Today, with the music of Qiangdi playing, all the soldiers were moved to tears.
In the poem, the young people are heroic and eager to make contributions. The description of crying at the end of the song is still romantic in sadness. The poetic style is slightly desolate and magnificent. An Ancient Warsong is an outstanding representative of his frontier poems.
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances. The clouds in the wilderness are not near the city wall at all, and the rain and snow cover the boundless desert. The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears. It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around. Every year we bury our bones in the desert and watch Pu Tao enter the Han family.
The title of this poem is an ancient war song. The stories of Yumen Gai, Princess Pipa and Pu Tao's entry into the Han Dynasty are all from Historical Records and Biography of Dawan. Obviously, the poet reflects reality by satirizing the present. This poem not only describes the soldiers' hatred of the Hu-Han war, but also sharply raises the question of who benefits from the war in which the ruling class competes for power and interests. The last two sentences are particularly profound and touching. The profound thoughts, painful feelings, arrangement of rules and rhyme of this poem are all similar to Gao Shi.
Li Qi also wrote some farewell poems for his friends, which can describe their unique personalities. Zhang Xu, a sage like grass, wrote, "The left hand holds the crab claw, and the right hand holds the Dan Sutra. "Staring at the sky, I don't know how to wake up drunk" is a proud and wild image, which is similar to the image of Zhang Xu written by Du Fu in the Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. Others, such as writing and Chen, have a down-and-out and heroic personality, which can give people a vivid impression. From the images of these friends, we can also see the warm side of Li Hao's personality.
Li Qi has two poems about listening to songs, which are also widely read by later generations. In particular, the poem "Listening to Dong Chuixiao" describes Hu Jia's mood and artistic conception in a colorful way:
..... Master Dong, knowing God, Shen Lin eavesdrops on goblins. Very handy to slowly knead the fast dial, and the reciprocating gyration seems to contain emotions. Clouds in the empty mountains and birds return, and Wan Li turns cloudy and sunny. Young people scream at night, just like Titan's mother cries. Sichuan is a net wave, and the birds are singing silently. It seems that Princess Wusun is far away from home, like Princess Xu Wencheng's feud. The pipa is melodious and free, like a strong wind blowing wildly, and the rain falls on the tiles. Like the rustle of spring, the rustle of trees, and the singing of wild deer. ……
In the poem, the real world and fantasy are intertwined, and the sense of hearing and vision are indistinguishable. The feelings of the performer and the listener are completely blended together, which is amazing for the charm of musicians' art. Another poem, "Listening to An Wanshan Blowing Salty Music", describes the wonderful change of metaphor and is similar to this poem. It is precisely because Li Qi is very concerned about and understands the life of the frontier fortress that his description of these music reflecting the life of the frontier fortress is so touching. Here, we can also see the positive influence of national cultural exchanges on the development of Tang poetry.
There were fewer quatrains and fewer famous works in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, Li Jie's poems such as Farewell to Weiwan are well written and have a graceful charm, which is praised by later critics. But there are only seven of his seven laws, and the content is relatively simple. You can't see his creation and change in this respect.
During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, there were some poets who were famous for their frontier poems.
Wang Zhihuan (688-742) was an old frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, but his poems were rarely handed down. But the poem "Liangzhou Ci" is a masterpiece of "transmission originated from population":
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
In the poem, with the magnificent bleak background beyond the Great Wall and the music "Broken Willow" played by Qiangdi, it reveals the sadness of the soldiers who have been guarding their homes for a long time and shows their deep sympathy for the soldiers. The last two sentences are especially implicit and pun, with profound implications. Another of his masterpieces is in Heron Cabin;
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.
A few crosses of twenty are written about the vastness and grandeur of the sunset mountains and rivers, and there is also an ambition to climb high and look far. Poetic thinking is sublime and enlightening.
William Wang's Liangzhou Ci (the year of birth and death is unknown) is also famous:
Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa right away. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
The poem describes the general's complex mood when he was about to indulge in wine, but was urged to the battlefield. There is a deep melancholy in this poem.
Cui Hao (704-754) said: "Teenagers are poems, but they are often flashy and frivolous. In the evening, they suddenly become normal, which makes people respect. When I caught a glimpse of the fortress wall, all Lv Rong said "(in Fan Yin). His frontier poems have distinct themes and styles. For example, "To the King":
General 30 Yu Lin, from an ordinary family. Spring breeze blows shallow grass, hunting and riding horses. Take care of your feathers and sing a new bow. Shoot elk into deep valleys and drink horses into Izumi. Immediately * * * pour wine, talk about wild cut fresh. You can't drink it until you see it. The bonfire never stopped, and Chen Hu hung high in the sky. The dragon drove to save the northeast, and the war settlement city was completed. Serving the country and heading for disaster has always been like this.
This poem and his other poem "The Ancient Ranger Appears in the General of the Army" have the meaning of Cao Zhi's "White Horse" and "Mingdu", focusing on describing the temperament and demeanor of the characters. The spring grass in the poem shoots wild, and the freshly cut scenery is particularly leisurely and lively. His Song of the Wild Goose Gate of the Hu People is also fresh and unique, describing the hunting in autumn, the burning scenery in northern Shan Ye and the habit of calm and drunkenness of the Hu people at ordinary times. In addition, his masterpiece "Yellow Crane Tower" has seven rhythms, expressing his attachment to the ancient land and homesickness, which is quite bold.
Here I would also like to mention Liu Wan and Zhang Wei in Tianbao period. In the case of political corruption and sharp class contradictions in the late Tianbao period, they wrote new works which are different from the frontier poems mentioned above and have quite distinct and sharp poetic style.
Liu Wan's Song of March describes a young man being drafted into the army in Bingzhou. At first, he fantasized about "the prince of hundreds of battles." Later, in the process of "Sanggan North last year, Sanggan East this year", the scam set by the feudal rulers was finally realized: "Death is conscription, and merit is the merit of generals!" Such a bold disclosure that hits the nail on the head is really rare in his previous frontier poems. In the late Tang Dynasty, Cao Song famously said, "In words, the matter of sealing the marquis is finished." (Two Poems at the Age of the Sea) was born out of him and changed.
Zhang Wei's "Answering the Old Man" and Fan Yin's "Heyue Yingling Collection" are both mentioned, which were works of Tianbao twelve years ago:
The old man with a negative salary lives in Zhou Bei, and he is worried about his life in Wangbei Town. He said that the old man had three sons, all of whom had died in Huangsha. Now that the child has just grown up, he will confess next year. Knowing this, we will fall apart and cannot live and die together. Borrow a farm house from Wu next door, and then go to the countryside alone. It's even harder to have more children. Recently, the emperor respected Chen Wu, and Qiang Bing wanted to be quiet. Border settlement has a long-term policy. Why should China people be displaced?
The war military service mentioned in the poem brings bankruptcy and exile to the people, which reminds us of Du Fu's "Military Vehicle Shop" written in the eleventh year of Tianbao. This is also the theme that frontier fortress poetry did not touch in the early stage. Simple and vivid confession, no longer rendering contrast. It is also a new style.
Although frontier poets and landscape pastoral poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty did not put forward their own creative ideas, they were two different schools in creative practice. From ideological content to artistic form, from subject matter to poetic style, they all have their own characteristics and expertise. The impact on future generations is also different. Generally speaking, the negative influence of landscape pastoral poets is relatively great.