Representatives of three schools: bold, graceful and restrained, and Huajian.

Luxurious school: Su Shi's "Shuidiao Tou" and "Niannujiao" expanded the theme of ci and enriched the expression content of ci.

Xin Qiji's "Xijiang Moon" (Bright Moon Surprises Magpie), "Broken Array" (Drunk Watching Sword) and "Forever Happiness" are mostly based on national themes, expressing impassioned patriotic feelings.

Zhang's "He Xinlang" is desolate in artistic conception and heroic in style.

Zhang Xiaoxiang's Song of Six Kingdoms is close to Su Shi in style, tragic and desolate, showing the feeling that it is difficult to recover lost ground.

Chen Liang's "Nian Nu Jiao Deng Duo Lou Jing" and "He Xinlang sends Xin You An to see Huai Yun" are bold in style and bold in brushwork. (a few words belong to the graceful school)

Graceful school: Liu Yong's Lin Yulin is clear and popular, mostly spoken, with sad feelings and harmonious melody, but some vulgar words.

Qin Guan's "Que Qiao Xian" has a gentle style and is good at depicting vivid images.

Most of Li Qingzhao's early works, such as Singing in a Slow Voice, Pruning a Plum, Dreaming Like a Dream and Drunk Flowers, express a leisurely life, charming and romantic, while his later works express a sense of life experience, with bitter and low feelings.

Four beautiful words:

Tasha branch Ouyang xiu

The waiting hall is full of plum blossoms, the bridges are thin with willows and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. Pingwu is full of spring mountains, and pedestrians are even outside.

Que Qiao xian Qin Guan

The thin clouds in the sky are changing, the meteors in the sky convey the sadness of acacia, and the endless galaxy I quietly crossed tonight. On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife. Tender as water, like a dream, you can go home from the bridge! If the relationship between two people is long-lasting, it is still a matter of time.

Qingpingle Huang Tingjian

Where does spring go, there is no way to be lonely. If anyone knows where spring went, ask him to come back and live with him. There is no breath of spring. Who knows? Unless you ask an oriole. Nobody can solve it, because the wind flies over the roses.

Jane yimei and Li Qingzhao

Red lotus root is fragrant, and jade is lingering in autumn. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building. Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.

Flowers and plants school

China Five Pronouns School in Late Tang Dynasty. After the Five Dynasties, Zhao Chongzuo of Shu selected 500 works of the late Tang Dynasty with 65,438+08 pronouns and compiled them into Huajian Collection (65,438+00 volumes), among which Wei Zhuang, Xue, Niu Qiao, Zhang Bi, Mao Wenxi, Niu Xiji and Ouyang Jiong were the others. Their ci styles are generally similar. Later generations therefore called it Huajian School. Wen and Wei Zhuang are their representative writers. Although both of them mainly write eroticism and sadness, their styles are different. The words are gorgeous, but Wei Ci is neglected. The rest of the poets, such as Wen and Feng, sang songs of everlasting regret, bid farewell to hate, and were confined to the private affairs of men and women, with low style. However, Lu, Ouyang Jiong and Sun Guangxian also have some works of practical significance. Huajian Ci is not very desirable in thought, but it is rich and delicate in style and has high artistic achievements, which has a great influence on later ci works. There are three editions of Huajianji in Southern Song Dynasty: Shaoxing edition, Xichun edition and Jubilee edition. Collection of Flowers and Schools in Modern Li Yimang 198 1 People's Literature Publishing House reprint.