First, the life of Du Fu
(1) study hard (before the age of 35); ② Ten years in Chang 'an (35-44 years old); ③ Being arrested as an official (44-48 years old); ④ Wandering southwest (48-59 years old)
3. Du Fu's thoughts
The family background of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" was influenced by Confucianism since childhood, which formed his thoughts of loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and love for the people all his life.
Second, Du Fu's poetry creation
1, the historical nature of Du Fu's poems. The Anshi Rebellion brought great disasters and changes to poetry creation. The theme of war-torn life naturally enters poetry creation. It was Du Fu who first and most comprehensively reflected the great damage and catastrophe caused by this war. Du Fu recorded many important events in this war with his poems, wrote down the sufferings of the people in this war, and showed the broad picture of the whole social life in the war with profound and vivid images. His poems are called "the history of poetry" by later generations. Du Fu's poems not only provide historical facts, but also provide a broader, more concrete and more vivid picture of life than facts. He unfolded the inner world of people in the war one by one, which moved people for thousands of years.
2. The main contents of Du Fu's poems:
1. Poems about patriotism and love for the people: Spring Hope, Three Officials, Three Farewells, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, etc.
2. Lyrics: "From Beijing to Fengxian, sing 500 words", "The hut was broken by the autumn wind" and so on.
③ Landscape poems: Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Looking for Flowers Alone by the Riverside, Four-character Poems, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Ascending the Mountain, Climbing Yueyang Tower, etc.
Homesick poems: Moonlit Night, Moonlit Night Remembering Brothers, Dreaming of Li Bai, Missing, etc.
⑤ Nostalgia poems: book fragrance, piano platform, eight-array map, nostalgia tablet, etc.
⑥ Paintings: Painting Eagle, Wang Zai's Painting Landscape Songs, Dan Qing's Painting to General Cao Ba, and six plays like poems.
The rhyme of Du Fu in the second quarter
Rhythm plays an extremely important role in Du Fu's poems, which is the achievement of Du Fu's regular poems. (1) First of all, it broadens the expression range and technique of metrical poetry. He not only writes about entertainment, nostalgia, travel, feasts and landscapes with Chang Song poems, but also writes about current events with Chang Song poems. Although limited by the rhythm of words, Du Fu can use it freely. Write current events with regular poems, such as Autumn Flute, That's the way it is, Wang Ming and Fu Zheng.
(2) In order to expand the expressive force of metrical poems, the form of metrical poems is often adopted. His masterpiece of Five Laws is Twenty Poems of Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems, and his masterpiece of Seven Laws is Five Poems of Historic Sites and Eight Poems of Autumn. In particular, Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity can be said to be a masterpiece of Du Fu's regular poems.
(3) Harmonious realm and superb skills Du Fu's rhyming poems in his later years were written freely, trying to change things as much as possible to achieve perfection. And you can't see the shackles of the law, but you can't see the traces of confrontation. An awkward style written to express the needs of certain emotions is also a common change after maturity.
The third section is the artistic style of Du Fu's poems.
(1) The main style of Du Fu's poems is melancholy and depression. Depression is the sadness, growth and profundity of feelings; Drug withdrawal is the ups and downs of emotional expression and repeated low returns. Its emotional tone is sadness. For example, "From Beijing to Fengxian, sing 500 words", the whole article begins with chanting, and every four sentences turn, and it is turned out layer by layer: first, tell the original story, then write the official, which is unsuccessful, obscure, unsuccessful, and full of twists and turns. This is called "depression". What I saw and heard from Beijing to Fengxian Road made me an enemy of the country and the people. This is the most worrying point. The narrative is full of discussion and strong emotions. At the end of the narrative to the family, I am still worried about Li Yuan's heart, that is, I cherish my original intention. The whole poem is mainly about discussion, mixed with narrative, and the discussion is unique and continues. The complicated social reality and complicated thoughts and feelings are vividly and clearly written. Although the length is long, it is quite compact, the language is concise and generalized, and the style is gloomy.
(2) The styles of Du Fu's poems are diversified. Du Fu's poems have other styles besides depression and frustration, as Hu Zhenheng said: "Exquisite and meticulous, ingenious and innovative, risky and shallow, and inexhaustible" (Volume 6 of Tang Yin Gui Qian), which is a sign of the artistic maturity of great writers. Among the diverse styles of Du Fu's poems, the nature of Xiaosan is another important feature. For example, his "Looking for Flowers Alone by the River", "Two Hearts by the Water Threshold", "Nine Poems Wandering" and so on.
(3) The formation of different styles of Du Fu's poems seems to be related to Du Fu's different situations in different periods or different moods in the same period. When his life is bumpy, wandering, or in the midst of war, his thoughts of home and country and life consciousness naturally gush out, and his elegy is generous. At this time, his poems are often characterized by melancholy and depression. When his life is a little stable, he writes some poems that are scattered naturally.
Part four: The position and influence of Du Fu's poems.
Du Fu's poems are masterpieces of the Six Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu epitomizes some of the most important qualities in China's cultural tradition, that is, he cares about people and things, the country and the people. As far as poetry tradition is concerned, the narration and exposition of Du Fu's poems are influenced by The Book of Songs. The generous style of his elegy was influenced by Li Sao. Originated from something and influenced by Han Yuefu. His strong expressive force and delicate feelings are influenced by Jian 'an's poems. He absorbed the methods, forms, languages and images of poetry more widely and diversely.
Judging from the development of Tang poetry, it is a great change from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the middle Tang Dynasty, and Du Fu is a great poet who connects this change. Du Fu had a great influence on later generations in his thoughts, feelings, personality and artistic experience. This influence lasted for thousands of years.
Answer 4: Du Fu's ten years' time, experience, social situation, poetic characteristics, representative works and urgency.
Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770) was beautiful as a flower, whose real name was Shaoling Yelao, Han nationality, and he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province). He is as famous as Du Gongbu and Du Fu, and he is a great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Du Fu, the grandson of the famous poet Du Fu, was born in a family with literary tradition. He studied poetry at the age of 7 and became famous at the age of 15. He was frustrated all his life and only worked as a small official such as Zuo Shiyi. Although later generations called it a "poet" and poetry a "history of poetry", it didn't get people's attention at that time in the Tang Dynasty. There is a poem "The Play is Six quatrains (Part II)" written by "Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty": "Wang Yang and Luo Lu are contemporary, but frivolous; Second, Cao's name is ruined, and he does not waste rivers and mountains. " Among them, there are many poets' self-comparisons. Du Fu's experience and poetry creation can be mainly divided into four periods:
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
The so-called "dissolute Zhao Qi, Qiu Ma is quite sober and crazy".
In the 19th year of Kaiyuan (at the age of 20), he began to roam in wuyue, returned to Luoyang five years later, and then Du Fu roamed Qi and Zhao. Later, I met Li Bai in Luoyang, and the two met and hated each other late, forming a profound friendship. Then I met Gao Shi, and the three of them traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to qi zhou. After breaking up, they met on East Road respectively. This is the last time that "Shi Xian" and "Shi Sheng" met.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, even told Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that no one in the ruling and opposition parties was successful. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, dressing up the horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup of cold roast and hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, he got the position of right-back leading Cao Cao to join the army (mainly a small official guarding soldiers' weapons and treasury keys). During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
Third, the period of being trapped as a thief (45 to 48 years old)
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope and Love for the Head of the River. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of his advice, Shangshu was demoted to prime minister of joining the army. (Fang Shu is a typical intellectual, but unrealistic. He fought against the rebels and adopted the Spring and Autumn Array, which resulted in a crushing defeat. Du Fu began to tidy up Zuo's remains. He said Fang was innocent. He was angry and wanted to find fault. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
"Three officials": Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official; "Three Farewells": Wedding Farewells, Homelessness, Farewell to the Old and Welcome to the New.
Four, the southwest wandering period (48 to 58 years old)
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. After Yanwu filmed "Our Times" as a blog in Chengdu, Du Fu went to Yan and died. He drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to Hubei and Hunan, and died on the Xiangjiang River. During this period, his works include Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Broke the Straw Shed, Shuxiang, Yellow River Banks Recovered by the Imperial Army, Gordon, Moon Landing Building and many other famous works. One of the most famous poems is: "An De Wan Lou, all the poor people in the world are happy." And the "leaves fall like waterfalls, and I think the long river always rolls forward" in "To the Top" is a swan song.
Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770) was beautiful as a flower, whose real name was Shaoling Yelao, Han nationality, and he was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province). He is as famous as Du Gongbu and Du Fu, and he is a great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.
Time: 747-757 AD
Social situation: Du Fu came first and last in Chang 'an during this period. Li, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, even told Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty that no one in the ruling and opposition parties was successful. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "grabbing the rich door in the morning, dressing up the horse dust at dusk, throwing a cup of cold roast and hiding sadness everywhere". Finally, he got the position of right-back leading Cao Cao to join the army (mainly a small official guarding soldiers' weapons and treasury keys).
Characteristics of poetry: Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of Han Yuefu's poetic style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage.
Masterpiece: Living in Chang 'an (35-44 years old)
During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.