Thousands of hammers come from deep mountains,
The fire is still indifferent.
I'm not afraid of all the pieces,
Leave innocence in the world. Chemistry and Ancient Poetry 2007-09-04 09:56 I. Chemical knowledge in ancient poetry 1. Ancient poetry is a precious spiritual wealth left by the ancients. The following verses only involve physical changes: () A, wildfires never completely consume them, and they grow taller in the spring breeze. In spring, silkworms will be woven to death, and candles will drain the wick C every night. As long as you work hard, the iron pestle will be ground into needles D, and at the age of one, they will be separated by firecrackers. The spring breeze will warm Tu Su. Analysis: This question combines ancient poetry to investigate the change of matter, and the question type is novel. Careful analysis of the meaning of the question shows that A involves burning vegetation, B involves burning candles, and D involves setting off fireworks and firecrackers, all of which have new substances and are all chemical changes. Only C changes the shape of matter, and no new matter is produced. This is a physical change. Answer: c example 2. In the long history of China, ancient poems are like bright pearls, which are valuable spiritual wealth. Please point out the word "smoke" in the following poems, which is in line with reality: (1) the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen; (2) the warm distant village, the smoke from the kitchen in Yiyi market. C. Four hundred and eighty halls in southern dynasties, with many towers and misty rain. D fireworks, cold water, moonlit sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Analysis: This topic examines the difference between "smoke" and "fog" in chemistry with ancient poems. In daily life, "smoke" and "fog" are often confused. In fact, small solid particles floating in the air are called smoke, while small droplets dispersed in the air are called fog. Smoke, cooking smoke and flying dust are all worthy of the name, and the phenomenon seen when white phosphorus burns is to produce thick white smoke. The fog in the morning and the white gas from the kettle after boiling are all the functions of fog. When the cork of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid is opened, white fog will be produced. The "smoke" in option A is formed by sand rolling up with the wind, the "smoke" in option B is kitchen smoke, and the "smoke" in options C and D is rain fog. Answer: a and b cases 3. Yu Qian, a national hero in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem "Ode to Lime": "If you hit a thousand times in the mountains, you will burn at leisure, and if you are not afraid of being smashed to pieces, you will leave your innocence in the world." The substances described in these four poems are () A. limestone, hydrated lime, quicklime, calcium carbonate B. limestone, quicklime, hydrated lime, calcium carbonate C. calcium carbonate, calcium carbonate. There are three reactions described in Ode to Lime: (1)CaCO3= high temperature Cao+CO2 ↑ (2) Cao+H2O = Ca (OH) 2 (3) Ca (OH) 2+CO2 = CaCO3 ↓+H2O. In order to determine the order of each substance, we must be familiar with the properties of calcium carbonate. Answer: B. Example 4. The idiom "turning stone into gold" originally meant the spell of ancient alchemists, that is, turning stone into gold; Now metaphor can turn decay into magic. Some people say that he can turn limestone into gold. Please use your chemical knowledge to explain why limestone can't be turned into gold. Analysis: This topic skillfully uses idioms to investigate the nature of chemical reactions. Elements are the general names of the same kind of atoms with the same nuclear charge number, and atoms are the smallest particles in chemical changes. In chemical reactions, molecules can be divided into atoms, but atoms cannot be divided. In other words, the process of chemical reaction is only the process of recombination of atoms that make up matter. Before and after chemical changes, the types of elements remain unchanged. A: According to the law of conservation of mass, the types of elements remain unchanged before and after chemical reaction. The main component of limestone is calcium carbonate, which is composed of calcium, carbon and oxygen, and gold is composed of gold. Therefore, limestone cannot be turned into gold. The following two idioms are related to the chemistry we have learned. Please choose one and briefly describe the chemical principle. A. A hundred-tempered steel (pig iron that is repeatedly burned red is hammered in the air and converted into steel. (Kettle: refers to ancient cooking utensils, equivalent to the current pot; The idiom you choose is _ _ _ _. Principles of chemistry: _ _ _ _ _ _. Analysis: This topic uses idioms to investigate the smelting principle, combustion conditions and fire extinguishing principle of steel. The difference between pig iron and steel lies in the carbon content. In the process of hammering red-hot pig iron in the air, carbon reacts with oxygen in the air and is converted into carbon dioxide gas to escape, thus achieving the purpose of reducing carbon content and turning pig iron into steel. B one of the combustion conditions is combustible, and the reduction of combustible is not conducive to combustion, and less heat is released. Answer: If you choose A, the principle is that when red-hot pig iron is hammered, the carbon in pig iron reacts with oxygen in the air to release carbon dioxide, which reduces the carbon content and transforms it into steel. If you choose B, the principle is that one of the combustion conditions is combustible, and the reduction of combustible is not conducive to combustion. 3. Chemical knowledge in advertising words Example 6. The advertising slogan "A diamond is eternal, an eternity" was rated as one of the classic advertisements in the 20th century by the United States (advertising era). The nature of the diamond that this advertising word can embody is () A. Hardness B. Non-conductivity C. Chemical stability D. Low melting point analysis: This topic skillfully describes the chemical properties of the diamond with advertising words. "Diamonds last forever, and one lasts forever", indicating that diamonds can be preserved for a long time and remain gorgeous without deterioration. Diamonds are diamonds, the main component of which is carbon, which is chemically stable at room temperature and difficult to react with other substances. Answer: c
2. Five ancient poems or essays related to chemistry, thank you. There were also many poems describing chemical properties in ancient times.
1. Untitled by Li Shangyin:
"In spring, silkworms will weave until they die, and the wax torch will turn to ash and let it dry."
There are both melting process in physical change and burning phenomenon in chemical change. The composition of candle is paraffin wax, which belongs to saturated hydrocarbon. Exothermic combustion in air can melt solid paraffin into liquid wax droplets.
2. Wang Anshi's January Day:
"The explosion happened a year ago, and the spring breeze sent it to Tu Su."
This is a typical chemical change. Firecrackers are generally made of sulfur and other substances, which react chemically after being ignited to generate new substances such as sulfur dioxide.
3. Liu Kun's Gift for Lu Chen:
"Why do you want to make all kinds of steel and turn it into a winding element?" In fact, "steelmaking" is a process of continuously removing impurities from pig iron to make it pure.
4. Li Bai's Song of Autumn Pu:
"The fire shines on heaven and earth, and the red star is purple."
This poem also describes the scene of metal smelting at that time.
5. Yu Qian's Ode to Lime in Ming Dynasty:
"One thousand hammer dug out, fire shut.
Don't be afraid of being smashed to pieces, leaving innocence in the world. "
It is not easy to mine limestone, which refers to physical changes. In this poem, "burning" refers to the chemical reaction of calcining limestone to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Coupled with the words "if leisure", people feel that this is not only burning limestone, but also symbolizes that people with lofty ideals are taking their time and treating it as leisure no matter how severe the test is. "Broken into pieces" embodies the changes of the body and expresses the spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice. Keeping the world innocent is the author's straightforward expression and his determination to be a pure and innocent person.
Yu Qian's other object-chanting poem "Ode to Coal": "Digging chaos will bring black gold, and the most profound sun will be saved. Fire will revive spring, and the red furnace will break the night. Ding yiyuan is generated by strength, and the stone remains after death. I hope that the whole life is full of warmth and I will go out of the mountains tirelessly. " The author focuses on the formation, characteristics, properties and main uses of coal in the whole poem, and with the help of
The above is for reference.
3. Classical sentences about chemistry 1. In high school, we only learned F, Cl, Br and I, because love (At) is radioactive!
2, the human heart is like a test tube, don't be too greedy. Enough to hold a third! Otherwise, once it breaks out, it will harm others and yourself!
I want to be a reducing agent. I don't care how many electrons I send you, as long as I can be stable with you!
4. Some people are like some metal ions. They can only be seen clearly through the blue cobalt glass when they burn on a flame!
5. I'm Al and you're Fei. I choose to exchange high temperature for you, and then imprison myself, but you turn away ... The saddest thing in the world is this: you can choose to love me or not, but I can only choose to love you or love you more!
6, love is like pulling a tooth, once the charm is not enough, the other half is likely to be abducted!
7. Non-electrolyte is not necessarily non-electrolyte. Therefore, people who are not good to you are not necessarily bad people!
8. Treating gains and losses is like redox. Getting it will lower your price, but letting go will raise your price.
9. You are not aluminum hydroxide. Why should it react with acid and alkali at the same time?
10, people must be good enough or strong enough. If you are only a weak acid or a weak base, even a promiscuous person like Al(OH)3 will not want you!
1 1, how many strong acids pursue, silicon dioxide is unmoved, because he just wants to fly away with HF …
12, H2O is single-minded about Cl2, but Cl2 just wants to have a "three points and four points".
13, SO2 is temporary for magenta fading, and chlorine water is permanent for magenta fading; Chlorine water makes litmus turn red temporarily, but SO2 makes litmus turn red forever ... Have you found someone who is worth changing completely or willing to change forever for you?
14, Chemistry says: Although I am just a boring potion, every drop is slowly saying that I like you.
15, love is a chemical reaction of the soul. There is an affinity between two people who really love each other, which is constantly decomposing, combining and updating. The greater the "affinity", the stronger the reaction and the stronger the love.
4. The following poem contains chemical changes: () A. A cloud came from Yungu and Menggu and enveloped Yueyang City. ("Looking at Dongting" is an article, and the clouds are foggy, and Yueyang City is also trapped. It means that the clouds on the lake are rolling and transpiration, spreading and covering the whole cloud dream; The boundless waves are surging, and the towering Yueyang City is shaking. What momentum and strength is this? B, use the metaphor of "Sichuan ice jam" and "full of snow" to explain that one's career path is blocked and the ideal of saving the people cannot be realized. D, like the strong wind in spring, blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees. "It means that overnight, it has become a world of snow monsters wrapped in white. This Yushu Qionghai. Just like the intoxicating fragrance and splendid spring scenery in Jiangnan. The above three items all reflect natural physical phenomena, that is, they all belong to physical changes. C. This poem contains three chemical reactions: ① "I am not afraid of being smashed into pieces" means that calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide CaCO3 at high temperature? CaO+CO2↑； ② Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce hydrated lime Cao+H2O = Ca (OH) 2; (3) Then stick it on people's walls, that is to say, "keep the world innocent" Ca (OH) 2+CO2/CaCO3 ↓+H2O, which is a long process.
5. The following poem contains chemical changes: (a) Like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows away the petals of ten thousand pear trees. "It means that overnight, it has become a world of snow monsters wrapped in white. This colorful world of ice and snow has sprung up like mushrooms after rain, like an intoxicating spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The above three items all reflect natural physical phenomena, that is, they all belong to physical changes, so A is wrong;
B, using the metaphors of "ice jam in Sichuan" and "snow all over the mountain", it shows that a person's career path is blocked, the ideal of saving the country and the people cannot be realized, and there is no chemical change, so B is wrong;
A mist from Yungu and Menggu has enveloped Yueyang City. It means that the clouds on the lake roll and transpiration, diffuse and cover the whole cloud dream; Boundless waves, surging, the majestic Yueyang city also shook, what momentum and strength is this, there is no chemical change, so C is wrong;
D, this poem contains three chemical reactions:
(1) "Not afraid of being crushed into pieces" means that calcium carbonate is decomposed into calcium oxide CaCO3 at high temperature? CaO+CO2↑；
② Calcium oxide reacts with water to produce hydrated lime Cao+H2O = Ca (OH) 2;
(3) Then stick it on people's walls, that is to say, "keep the world clean" Ca (OH) 2+CO2/CaCO3+H2O. This is a long process, so D is correct.
So choose D.