1, Introduction:
Qu Yuan (340-278 BC), a native of Chu in the Warring States Period, was named Mi, Qu, Ping and Yuan. "Li Sao" says: "The name is right and the word is elegant." Chu Danyang (now Xixia in Henan Province or Zigui in Hubei Province) was the earliest romantic poet in China, the descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Shan in Chu Wuwang, and the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. His appearance marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to solo.
2. Assessment:
Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is reflected in his works, that is, "cultivating talents and empowering them, but doing things without being equal" (Li Sao). The so-called "promoting talents and empowering" is to select truly talented people to govern the country, oppose the secular world, and limit the monopoly of the old aristocracy on power. He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope without being rude" means practicing the law, that is, the law is not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles.
Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu and their forces, and expresses his demand for progress in getting rid of bad politics, with the ultimate goal of saving the motherland from peril and making Chu a prosperous and powerful country. Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups, the fatuity of Chu kings and the treason of ministers, showing his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "American politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death"; At the same time, it also shows his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and the people, and devote himself to the motherland.
Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the King of Chu would repent, work hard and become the master of ZTE. He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he faced many dangers, he could have gone to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refused to leave Chu. It shows his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.
Qu Yuan's works are full of positive romantic spirit. Its main performance is that he integrated his passionate pursuit of ideals into artistic imagination and magical artistic conception. For example, Li Sao wrote that after he gave a speech to Zhong Hua, he went against the wind. He knocked at the heavenly palace first, but the emperor didn't accept it. He begged a girl who happened not to be there; He pursued Fu Fei, but Fu Fei was rude to him; He wanted Judy and Er Yao, but he didn't have a good matchmaker to deliver the news. This fantasy and pursuit of going to heaven and going to earth embodies Qu Yuan's hard pursuit of ideals in reality. In addition, Nine Songs and Tian Wen also use a lot of myths and historical legends as materials, with bold and rich imagination, which is rare in ancient and modern times.
Besides, Qu Yuan's works also use a series of metaphors to express his feelings. For example, he used flowers and herbs to describe a noble gentleman; Use smelly things and Xiao Ai as metaphors for traitors or disloyal villains; Wearing vanilla symbolizes the poet's moral cultivation. This technique of "vanilla beauty" makes a sharp contrast between loyalty, ugliness, goodness and evil in reality, and produces a concise and endless artistic effect.
Qu Yuan's works are uneven in level and flexible in form. Chu dialect is widely used in the language, full of local flavor; Most of its dialects are refined, colorful and vivid.
Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. He is an outstanding representative of romantic poets. As an outstanding politician and patriot, Qu Yuan's spirit and personality of loving the motherland and the people, persisting in the truth, preferring death to surrender, has inspired and nurtured countless Chinese sons and daughters for thousands of years, especially when the nation was in danger. As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also his new poetic style-Chu Ci, which broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation. Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Feng" and "Sao" are the sources of the two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.
In the history of China, Qu Yuan was the most admired and loved poet by the people. According to the records of "Continuation of Qi and Harmony" and "Geography of Sui Shu", Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. The custom of making zongzi and racing dragon boats on May 5th in China originated from people's commemoration of Qu Yuan. 1953, Qu Yuan was also listed as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world and was solemnly commemorated by the World Peace Council and people all over the world. He Qifang: There are also many excellent and moving works in The Book of Songs. However, no one, like Qu Yuan, branded his works with his ideals, experiences, pains, enthusiasm and even his life. The historical drama Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan wrote it in 1942+ October. Write the tragic story of Qu Yuan's life and the struggle between patriotic forces and capitulationists. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese invaders stepped up their aggression against China and concentrated their main forces on large-scale "mopping up" the anti-Japanese base areas. Chiang Kai-shek, on the other hand, stepped up his anti-* * and separatist activities, resulting in the "Southern Anhui Incident" of 194 1 and 1. At the same time, in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, producers and anti-Japanese progressives were massacred. The whole Kuomintang area has become a suffocating tin can.
Facing the dark reality, all progressives in China are angry. Guo Moruo used historical drama as a spear, borrowed the past from the present, and created the historical drama Qu Yuan, consciously "reviving the anger of Qu Yuan's era". And said: "I intend to use the era of Qu Yuan to symbolize our era."
Qu Yuan was a great poet and politician in the Warring States Period. His lofty patriotism and selfless fighting spirit are his personality characteristics. He loves the motherland and people, and sincerely hopes that Chu will become strong and realize the great cause of reunifying China. "However, his master is fatuous and even disgusting." Chen Zhisui, a poet more than 2,300 years later, was deeply touched by this. His poem Qu Yuan said: "The heroic spirit is dry, and loyalty and righteousness are heavy." Only in this way can you help the wise Lord, and you will not be able to plan anything. "
Qu Yuan is the image of a great patriot. He is the ideal of the people, the embodiment of light and justice, and the soul of the Chinese nation. His noble political sentiments and ideals, tenacious will to struggle, strong integrity and character have saturated the great and long-standing historical spirit of our nation, showing the infinite strength of the nation, and also showing the author's strong revolutionary style of love, hate and fighting.