1. Mathematics becomes poetry
Once you walk two or three miles, there are four or five smoke villages.
There are six or seven pavilions and eighty or ninety flowers.
This is a poem written by Shao Yong in the Song Dynasty describing the scenery all the way, with 20 words and 10 numbers. This poem reflects the distance, villages, pavilions, flowers and plants with numbers, which is popular and natural.
One, two, three or four, five, six, seven or eight.
Nine pieces, ten pieces, countless pieces, all disappeared when flying into the plum blossom.
This is a poem about Xue Mei written by Lin Hejing in Ming Dynasty. The whole poem uses quantifiers to indicate the number of snowflakes. After reading it, it's like being in the snow. When snowflakes fly into Meilin, it is difficult to tell whether they are snowflakes or plum blossoms.
One nest, two nests, three or four nests, five nests, six nests, seven or eight nests,
Eat all the royal millet, and there will be no more phoenix.
This is a poem "Sparrow" by Wang Anshi, a statesman, writer and thinker in the Song Dynasty. Seeing that many officials in the Northern Song Dynasty were full of food, corrupt and opposed to political reform, he compared them to sparrows and satirized them.
A pole, an oar, a fishing boat, a fisherman and a hook,
Bend down and laugh, one person monopolizes the autumn scenery of a river.
These are ten "One" poems written by Ji Xiaolan in Qing Dynasty. It is said that Emperor Qianlong saw a fishing boat paddling in the river one day, so he asked Ji Xiaolan to write a poem about fishing and asked him to use ten "ones" in the poem. Ji Xiaolan soon sang a poem, writing about scenery and modality, which was natural and appropriate and full of charm. No wonder Gan Long even said, "What a genius!"
Two or three halls at a time, four or five beds,
There are six or seven smoke lamps and eighty or ninety guns.
In the late Qing dynasty, opium was prevalent, and almost no one did not smoke. Government offices, large and small, have almost become cigarette houses. Someone imitated Shao Yong and wrote this enlightenment poem to satirize it.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru said goodbye to his wife Zhuo Wenjun, left Chengdu and went to Chang 'an to seek fame. Five years later, instead of writing a letter to his family, he wants to divorce his wife. Later, I wrote a letter that embarrassed Zhuo Wenjun and sent it to Chengdu. After receiving the letter, Zhuo Wenjun opened it, and it read "one two three four five six seven eight nine 100 million 198 765 432 1". She immediately wrote a lyric poem like crying:
A farewell, the two places hung together, only in March and April, but in five or six years, the lyre was unintentionally played, the eight-part essay was not passed, and the nine-chain was never interrupted. I saw the Shili Pavilion, full of thoughts, full of thoughts, but I called it the maid helplessly. I'm bored and tired of complaining about lang in a thousand words. See the lonely geese on the Double Ninth Festival in September and the Mid-Autumn Festival in August. Lang Lang, I wish you were a woman. I am a man in the second century.
Sima Xiangru was deeply moved after reading, and personally went back to Sichuan to take Zhuo Wenjun to Chang 'an. From then on, he devoted himself to learning and eventually became a literary giant.
2. Interesting poems
1. Mathematics is an abstract thinking activity, which has nothing to do with poetry, but Xu Ziyun, a poet in Qing Dynasty, combined abstraction with image to create this mathematical poem:
The magnificent ancient temple is in the mountains. I wonder how many monks there are.
364 bowls, depending on the week.
Three people eat a bowl of rice and four people eat a bowl of soup.
Excuse me, sir, how many monks are there in the temple?
There are 364 bowls in the temple. If three monks eat a bowl of rice and four monks eat a bowl of soup, then each monk will have something to eat. How many monks are there in the temple?
"It's not bad every week" means it's very accurate, and that's it in the later calculation, not bad at all.
Obviously, this algebra problem can be solved by junior high school students with a little brain-let the number of monks be x and list the following algebraic expressions: x/3+x/4=364, x=624.
2. Hundred sheep problem
Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in Ming Dynasty, wrote a book "Arithmetic Unity", in which there is a mathematical application problem in the form of poetry, called the Hundred Sheep Problem.
A drives the sheep to chase the grass, and B pulls A's sheep behind.
Do you want to ask A and 100? Jia Yun said there was no difference,
Combine the obtained groups, and then join the small semi-group of semigroup.
You must come alone. Who can guess the mystery?
A shepherd is driving a flock of sheep to find a place with lush grass. A man with a sheep came from behind and asked the shepherd, "Do you have 100 sheep?" The shepherd said, "If I have another flock of such sheep, plus half of this flock and 65,438+0/4 flock of sheep, plus your sheep, it will be exactly 65,438+000." Who can find out how many sheep are in this flock by clever methods?
The solution to this problem is:
( 100- 1) ÷ ( 1+ 1+ 1/4) = 36.
3. Li Bai drinks
Li Bai is walking in the street, playing with wine with a pot;
When you meet a store, double it, see flowers and drink a bucket;
I met the shop flower three times and drank all the wine in the pot.
How much wine is there in the hip flask?
This is a folk math problem. The meaning of the question is: Li Bai is walking in the street, drinking with a hip flask. Every time he meets a hotel, the capacity in the hip flask doubles, and every time he meets flowers, he drinks a barrel (barrel is an ancient unit of capacity, 1 barrel = 10 liter). In this way, he met the flowers three times in the shop and finished the wine. How much wine is there in the hip flask?
This problem is solved by an equation. Suppose there are x barrels of wine in the pot. If [(2x-1) × 2-1]× 2-1= 0, the solution is x = 7/8.
4. One hundred monks
Cheng Dawei, a great mathematician in the Ming Dynasty, wrote "Arithmetic Unity" with such a problem:
One hundred buns and one hundred monks, but three big monks did not increase;
One of the three young monks, and how many big and small monks?
This problem can be solved by hypothesis. Now suppose there are 100 big monks.
(3× 100- 100)÷(3- 1÷3)
= 75 people .......................................................................................................................................................................
100-75 = 25 (person) Number of big monks
5. Dumb people buy meat
This is also a calculation problem in Cheng Dawei's Arithmetic Unity:
Dumb people come to buy meat, the amount of money is hard to say, 40 yuan less per catty,
92 is more than 16. How much meat did you eat today?
The meaning of this question is expressed by a line graph, which is clear at a glance.
As can be seen from the figure:
The price of every two meats is: (40+ 16) ÷ (16-9) = 8 (text).
Money with mute: 8× 16-40 = 88 (text)
Mute can buy meat: 88 ÷ 8 = 1 1 (two)
(Note: old system 1 kg = 16 beam)
6. Pear fruit is timely
Zhu Shijie, a mathematician in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a book called "Meeting with Siyuan" in 1303. There is such a topic:
999 pence, buy 1000 pears in time,
Eleven pears, nine pears, seven fruits and four pence.
Q: What's the price of pears?
The meaning of this question is: you can buy * *1000 pears with 999 pence, 9 pears with 1 1, and 7 fruits with 4 pence. How much do you pay for each pear and fruit?
Pear price:11÷ 9 =12/9 (text)
Fruit price: 4 ÷ 7 = 4/7 (text)
Number of fruits:
(12/9×1000-999) ÷ (12/9-4/7) = 343 (pieces)
Number of pears: 1000-343 = 657 (pieces)
Total price of pears:
1 2/9× 657 = 803 (text)
Total fruit price:
4/7× 343 = 196 (text)
7. Divide money next door
I only heard that the passengers next door are distributing money, but I don't know the number. Four Liang is more than four Liang, and half a catty is less than half a catty.
Excuse me, who can count, how many guests and how much money?
This problem is a folk calculation problem, and it is more convenient to solve it with equations.
Let the guests be x people. Then get the equation:
4x+4=8x-8
The solution x = 3,4× 3+4 =16.
Answer: 3 guests, 16 silver.
(Note: old system 1 kg = 16 Liang, half a catty = 8 Liang)
8. Light Pagoda
This is a topic in Nine Chapters Algorithm Analogy written by Jason Wu, a mathematician in Ming Dynasty. The topic is:
Looking at the towering seventh floor from a distance, the red light doubled.
* * * Lights are three hundred and eighty-one. How many lights are there on the top floor?
Solve the multiple sum of each layer:
1+2+4+8+ 16+32+64= 127
Number of lights on the top floor: 38 1 ÷ 127 = 3 (lights)