In the countryside where the sun is setting, cattle and sheep go home along the path.
A rugged old man in a thatched door leaned against a cane and thought about his son, the shepherd boy.
There are whistling pheasants? Full ears of wheat, sleeping silkworms and peeled mulberry leaves.
Jojo and Fu Tian greet each other cordially.
No wonder I yearned for a simple life and sang "Decline" in disappointment.
The afterglow of the sunset reflected the village (the market fell), and the cattle and sheep returning to the pasture poured into the village lane. The old man missed his grandson who went to graze, and was waiting for his return outside Chai Men on crutches. In the sound of the pheasant, the wheat has sprouted, and the silkworm who has eaten enough mulberry leaves begins to sleep. The harvest year is just around the corner, and the farmers returning from Hoho meet each other and talk about their daily life with emotion. This beautiful scenery reminds the poet of the fatigue of official infighting, and he feels how peaceful and comfortable it is to live in such a rural area. I can't help singing "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui?" In the Book of Songs. It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? ), indicating his interest in seclusion in the countryside. Wang Wei is proficient in music, calligraphy and painting, and has profound artistic accomplishment; Su Dongpo commented that there are paintings in his poems and poems in the paintings. The above poem can be said to be an idyllic painting.
The poet with the same fame as Wang Wei is Meng Haoran, originally from Xiangyang (now Hubei Province), often called Meng Xiangyang. It is said that he met Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty by chance in Zhang Jiuling. Xuanzong knew the name of his poem and ordered him to recite it. When he returned to Zhongnanshan at the end of the year, he read this sentence, including "I was expelled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes" (I lack talents, so a wise monarch doesn't need me). Xuanzong was very unhappy and said, "You didn't ask to be an official. It's not that I won't let you be an official. How can you blame me! " Later, he was not admitted to the Jinshi and was not officially an official. He lived in seclusion for a long time and was famous for his landscape poems. His poem "Passing the Old Village" is the most popular:
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
An old friend killed a chicken to cook and invited him to visit the village. Close-up, dense green trees tightly surround the village; Looking from a distance, Castle Peak extends all the way into the distance. Open the window of the porch, you can see the yard full of food and the green vegetable garden; Talk about the growth and harvest of Sang Ma with a glass of wine. In such a natural picture, how happy and comfortable it is to drink wine, eat delicious food and laugh with friends! After drinking the wine, my friends were still reluctant to go, so they met/kloc-0 and got together again on the Double Ninth Festival in 1999, drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums.
Chu Guangxi is also a frustrated hermit. His Fish Bay describes the pleasure of seclusion:
Fishing in Green Bay comes in spring, and apricot blossoms come in spring.
The pool is clear and shallow, and the lotus knows the fish are scattered.
Waiting for lovers at dusk, the boat is green and the shore is green. Green covers the sky, falling flowers float to the ground, the bottom of the pool bottoms out, the lotus moves and the fish are scattered, and the fisherman does not care about fish. It is the best enjoyment to enjoy this beautiful scenery alone. Fishing and tying boats at sunset, waiting for good friends (lovers) to meet in the green grass, such a carefree life, isn't it equal to a fairy? In fact, their life will not be without troubles and troubles. However, when writing a poem, we should put it aside first, seize a beautiful scene and emotion, and give full play to it. The poet satisfies his own creative desire, and also brings readers the enjoyment of beauty. This is called poetry. In the foreign wars in Tang Dynasty, many literati participated in them, had personal experience of frontier fortress and military life, obeyed the army instead of writing, wrote poems to describe the desolate frontier fortress scenery, praised the brave spirit of soldiers, or cursed the disasters brought about by the war, so frontier fortress poets came into being. The famous poet Cen Can wrote a masterpiece The Journey to the West:
"don't you see: walk along the snow by the sea ... you won't need a real battle anymore! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! ! "(Space limitation, omitted)
The poems "Zoumachuan", "Luntai", "Jinshan" and "Automobile Market" are all common place names in the north or the western regions. The code used as a place name here is not a real reference. You don't have to seek truth when reading poetry, you just need to understand poetry. At the beginning of this poem, it vividly depicts the harsh environment in the western regions where clouds are surging and sand is flying. Xiongnu (representing the powerful northern nation) attacked, showing signs of chaos everywhere; The general led his troops to the battlefield to meet the enemy. At night, marching weapons collide with each other. Although the cold wind was like a knife, the snow-covered streaky horse was still sweating and soon became ice. Drafted a campaign (gauntlet) for the enemy in the tent, and the ink in the inkstone was frozen into ice before it was finished. Such a hard-working and brave army will definitely make the enemy dare not fight; Then let's wait for Simon, the automobile engineer, to win! The optimistic and heroic spirit expressed in the poem is the embodiment of the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. An old song by Li Jie is also famous:
During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside.
The dark wind blew bursts of sounds, like the pipa of a princess in the Han Dynasty, full of hidden grievances.
Camp in Wan Li without battlements until the thick sky joins the vast desert in the snow.
The sorrowful Hu Yanyan flew through the air, and HUS soldiers were all in tears.
It is said that Yumenguan has blocked the road, so the soldiers can only follow the general around.
The bones of death are buried in the wilderness every year, and only grapes from the western regions are sent to the Han people.
During the day, the army will climb the mountain to watch the beacon warning, and at dusk, they will go to Jiaohe (in Turpan, Xinjiang, this generation has water, which is not true) to drink horses. Diao Dou is a kind of copper pot, which is used for cooking during the day and working at night. Soldiers carrying Diao Dou trudged through the dark sand. At this time, it must be full of bitterness to think of the pipa music played by the princess who married Wusun Wang from this road in the Han Dynasty. Camping in a deserted place for the night, the heavy snow that pervades the world floats and connects with the desert in the distance. In the autumn night, the cries of geese flying south were mournful, and Hu Bing, one of the warring parties, could not bear this hard life and shed tears. It is said that the imperial court has issued an order not to retreat, so it can only fight to the death with the general (an official who gets off lightly). Yumen is sealed, that is, it is not allowed to retreat into Yumen Pass. Using the allusions in Historical Records Biography of Dawan, Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, attacked Dawan and was defeated. He retreated to Dunhuang and asked the imperial court to retreat. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "was furious and ordered (the emissary) to block Yumen, saying: Those who dare to enter will be cut!" Nine times out of ten, I died in battle. Every year, countless people leave their bones in a foreign land. The only result was that grapes (Pu Tao) were introduced into the Central Plains from the western regions for the rich to enjoy. Although there is sadness in the poem, the tone is still high and enterprising.
War is cruel. In 7 14 AD, there was a great war between Tang Jun and Tubo near Lintaolong Castle, and tens of thousands of Tubo people were killed or injured. Wang Changling's "Xia Sai Qu" wrote about this war:
Horses lead horses to drink across the river, the wind is biting, and the autumn wind is like a sword.
The sunset on the vast battlefield has not yet fallen, and I saw Lintao County in the distance in the dark.
The Great Wall once fought a fierce battle, saying that the frontier soldiers were in high spirits.
Since ancient times, there have been sandstorms, bones everywhere and weeds everywhere.
Many years after the war, the battlefield was still bleak and desolate, with long yellow dust and messy wormwood scattered among them and forgotten forever. No matter which side the deceased belongs to, it is a sad tragedy for him and his family.
There is also Wang Changling's "The Embankment", which exposes the sufferings brought by the war and hopes that he can defend his country.
Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty.
The Long March hasn't come back yet.
But Dragon City will fly in,
Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain. Li Bai (A.D. 70 1-762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. The most outstanding poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is also a great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature, and he is known as the "Poet Fairy". He had a rough experience and complicated thoughts. He is not only a brilliant poet, but also a ranger, assassin, hermit, Taoist and counselor. Confucianism, Taoism and Rangers are all reflected in him. "Retire after success" is the dominant thought that dominated his life.
Li Bai's ancestral home is in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Jingning County, Gansu Province). He said that he was born in Broken Leaf City (near tokmak, east of Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan). His ancestors once lived in the Western Regions, and when Li Bai was five years old, he moved to Changlong (now Jiangyou County) in Sichuan, where he spent his adolescence. Li Bai's family is well-off, and the teenager has read hundreds of books, which shows his extraordinary literary talent. At the same time, I like to make friends, be influenced by friends and society, like to talk about cultivating immortals, yearn for chivalry, be bold and ambitious, and have a bold personality. At the age of 25, he left his hometown, traveled all over the country, made friends with celebrities, and gained high social prestige with his poems. In the first year of Tianbao (AD 742), he was recommended by a friend and summoned by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He was appointed as an imperial edict of Hanlin and lived in Chang 'an for nearly three years, and had a direct understanding of the imperial court and aristocratic society. Due to the exclusion of powerful ministers, Yu Tianbao left Chang 'an in the third year (AD 745) and began to wander again. In Luoyang, he met Du Fu, who was 1 1 years younger than him, and made a lifelong friendship. When the Anshi Rebellion began, he was fifty-five years old in Xuancheng (now Anhui). During the Anshi Rebellion, with the feeling of serving the country, he was invited by Wang Yong Lilin to work in the shogunate. After Li Lin was eradicated by Su Heng, Li Bai was exiled to Yelang (now Guizhou) and was pardoned halfway, living between Jinling (now Nanjing) and Xuancheng. In the first year of Baoying (AD 762), he died in Dangtu (now Anhui) at the age of 62.
Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. These brilliant poems show his mental journey all his life, and they are artistic portraiture of social reality and spiritual life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was ambitious all his life, and he expressed his yearning for fame and fortune unabashedly. This is vividly expressed in Fu Liangyin, Reading Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, and Love Cai Sheren Bear. Li Bai liked Ren Xia since he was a teenager, and wrote many ranger poems, among which Knight Rider is the representative work. Three years of political life in Chang 'an had a profound influence on Li Bai's creation. There is a sharp contradiction between his political ideal and the dark reality, and unspeakable pain and resentment accumulate in his chest. Angry, he wrote a series of nostalgia for the ancients, such as "Difficult to Go", "Antique" and "Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King". A famous sentence that is sad for a person's life and difficult to send away. Li Bai lived a wandering life for most of his life, traveled to many famous mountains and rivers all over the country, and wrote a lot of beautiful poems praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland to express his feelings of loving freedom and yearning for liberation. In this kind of poetry, the strange mountains and rivers complement his rebellious and unruly character. This kind of poetry occupies a large number in Li Bai's poetry works, and has been passed down through the ages, among which "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is the most outstanding masterpiece. With dripping and carefree poems, the poet freely spread the wings of imagination, wrote various spiritual adventures and pursuits, and truly liberated the repressed soul in his dreams. And "Oh, how can I seriously bow and scrape to high-ranking people and people in high positions? They will never stand being shown an honest face!" His poems show the poet's lofty sentiments and become an important basis for future generations to examine Li Bai's great personality.
As a great poet who loves the motherland, cares about the people and never forgets the reality, Li Bai is also very concerned about the important issue of war. Enthusiastic praise is given to the soldiers guarding the border (such as "Xia Sai Qu"), and the wariness of the rulers is mercilessly lashed (such as "Battle of the South of the City" and "Song of Ding Du"). Li Bai also wrote many Yuefu poems, describing the hard life of laborers and expressing their concern and sympathy (such as Long March and Midnight Wu Ge). ).
Li Bai's poems and songs have the artistic charm of "the pen falls and shakes the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature of his poems. As a romantic poet, Li Bai mobilized all romantic skills and realized the perfect unity of poetry content and form. Li Bai's poems are full of self-expression and subjective lyricism, and the expression of feelings is overwhelming. For example, when he entered Beijing as an official, he said, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " When I miss Chang 'an, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west." This kind of poem is very infectious, extremely exaggerated, apt in metaphor, amazing in fantasy, and makes people feel highly real. When reading the poems "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with the sword, the sorrow and joy are still there, although we drown it with wine" and "The white hair is three thousands of feet, and the sorrow and joy are like beards", readers can't help being infected by the poet's long sorrow and endless melancholy. Li Bai's artistic expression is particularly prominent in his poems, such as Dream of Tianmu Mountain and Difficult Road to Shu.
In Li Bai's poems, imagination, exaggeration, metaphor and personification are often used comprehensively to produce a fantastic and magnificent artistic conception, which is why Li Bai's romantic poems give people a heroic and unrestrained charm. His language is clear, lively and meaningful, just as two of his poems say, "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and it is naturally carved."
Li Bai's poems and songs had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu, Meng Jiao and Li He in the middle Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi, Yang Shen and Gong Zizhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were all greatly influenced by Li Bai's poems.
Li Bai's lifelong fantasy is to display his ambition and do some earth-shattering events. This can be seen everywhere in his poems. In the poem Li Yong, he said:
Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars into Wan Li.
If the wind weakens, it can still lift away the turbulent current.
When the world saw my unchanging tone, it sneered at all my big words.
Fu Xuan can still fear the afterlife, but her husband can't be young.
He compared himself to the Dapeng who stirred the sky and the sea in Zhuangzi. He was full of confidence in his political talents and was laughed at by the world. He also defended himself with the words of Confucius (Fu Xuan), saying that "the afterlife is terrible". The poet is politically naive. In fact, he may not have the talent of a politician. It is not surprising that his "big talk" was ridiculed. But as a poet, he is a talented person, a Dapeng who travels in the sea. As a poet all his life, his political inaction is unfortunate to him, but it is lucky to China literature. It would be a pity if there was no Li Bai in the Tang poetry and a pillar was removed from the gorgeous building.
Li Bai has a considerable number of poems to expose and attack social injustice, such as one of Fifty-nine Ancient Poems:
The cart flies dust, and the pavilion is black in the afternoon.
China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room.
He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting.
When the snorts are dry, pedestrians are afraid.
There is no such thing as washing your ears, just Yao and your feet.
This is the unfortunate figure who satirizes the emperor. They marched in the city in luxurious carriages, and the dust was flying. Some eunuchs (middle nobles) have so much money that they build Li Hong's house. Cockfighting people who are happy for the emperor also drive around in covered cars. Their nostrils are facing the sky, and their breath seems to blow the clouds in the sky (extremely arrogant), and pedestrians on the road are too scared to approach. Finally, the poet lamented that there is no such sage as Xu You (Xi Er Weng) in the society. Who can tell a good person (Yao) from a bad person (Zhi)? Legend has it that Tang Yao, an ancient sage, wanted to cede the throne to Xu You. After hearing about it, Xu You thought it polluted his ears, so he ran to the river to wash his ears. He is regarded as a saint who hates fame and fortune. Plantar, the legendary ancient "thief", is of course synonymous with bad people. Li Bai has a sensitive understanding of the political corruption and the decline of the dynasty in the late Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, and exposes and satirizes it in his poems. Li Bai's poems describing people's sufferings directly are not too many, but they are extremely wonderful, such as The Battle of the South of the City:
"Last year's war, Sang Ganyuan ... knew that soldiers were weapons and saints had to use them!" (Space limitation, omitted)
This poem uses the title of Yuefu poetry in the Han Dynasty, and intends to learn the tradition of Yuefu poetry, but it is more vivid and profound than the poem "Southern Expedition" in the Han Dynasty. Sanggan River, Onion River, Tiaozhi and Tianshan Mountain are all frontier place names. Soldiers of the Tang Dynasty went to these places far away from their homeland to fight, and often never came back. Some frontier nationalities take war plunder as their occupation, and I don't know how many people died in the desert in ancient and modern times. The place where the Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty to guard against the Huns (that is, the "Han family", which the Tang people used to call "Tang" instead of "Han", actually refers to the Tang Dynasty) is still full of wars. The defeated horse groaned in search of its master on the battlefield, but the master was pecked by crows and eagles, with dead branches hanging from his intestines. The foot soldiers died, and the general who led the troops was too busy to get anything. Finally, the poet said in the Ancient Art of War: War is not a fun thing, and a wise monarch will only use it when he has to. Tang Xuanzong was overjoyed and fought for years, and the people were miserable. This poem was written for this purpose.
Li Bai's poems describing the great rivers and mountains of the motherland are many, most of which are famous. His poems are different from those of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. If Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's landscape poems are meticulous, Li Bai's landscape poems are freehand brushwork. He tends not to describe every grass and tree, but to absorb the charm of nature from a macro perspective. The Yangtze River, the rocky cliffs in chan chan, the clouds in Wan Li, and the ancient rocks and trees flew up as soon as they arrived at his works, and were driven away by him, creating a mythical world that coexists with nature. For example, the scenery of Lushan Mountain is written in a Lushan song for the suggestion of Lu Xuzhou:
The Golden Gate leads to two mountains, and a silver stream hangs down to three stone bridges.
Xianglufeng Waterfall is separated from it by a distance, and it is a heavy cliff towering into the sky.
The morning glow is red in Cui Yun, and the birds fly and grow.
Between the sky above and the sky below, the river is gone forever.
The sky is grey and windy, and the river flows like a snow-capped mountain.
What a magnificent momentum this is! Only Li Bai's mind can hold such momentum, and only Li Bai's magic pen can write such momentum. Another example is a passage in the famous Shu Dao Nan:
"high, like a high flag, six dragons drive the sun ... even hearing it makes your cheeks pale!" (For space limitations, please refer to the original text.)
This is a wonderful landscape description. The poet wrote the difficulties and obstacles of Shu Dao in extremely exaggerated language: the sun god drove six dragons' cars here and had to turn back, and the rushing river had to bump back; The yellow crane can't fly over, and the ape can't climb up. The famous road in Qingniling is so dangerous that pedestrians can reach out and touch the stars in the sky. They were so tired that they couldn't breathe, and they all patted their chests and lamented. On the ancient trees deep in the mountains, the songs of various birds add to the mysterious and horrible atmosphere. It's hard to get to the Shu Road under the blue sky, let alone say it. I even heard people say that it turned my face white. The strange posture and magnificent colors on the Shu Road written by the poet can really open the reader's mind and make people feel frightened and shocked. The whimsy and unrestrained style of this poem are the unique features of Li Bai's poetry.
Zhao Yi, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, commented on Li Bai's poems and said, "The unattainable part of poetry is that it cares about God's super-knowledge, floats in the air, suddenly leaves, and is too lazy to carve chapters and sentences, so it has its own unrestrained tendency." This article summarizes the artistic style of Li Bai's poems. Li Bai consciously inherited the romantic spirit of Qu Yuan's poems, combined with his genius and diligence, and created Li Bai's unique style. The first characteristic of his poetry is strong passion. He is pure-hearted, open-minded and has a clear love-hate relationship. When he is happy, he drinks, sings and laughs at the sky. When you are sad and angry, you should "smash the Yellow Crane Tower" but "Nautilus Island" ("Jiangxia gives Wei Nanling Ice"), you can laugh or cry, and you can't avoid it. The second feature is an incomparably rich imagination. Poetry comes like lightning, goes like a gust, changes vertically and horizontally, ups and downs. With his lyric needs, ancient and modern figures, astronomical geography knowledge, real history and illusory myths come to his pen at any time, injecting poetry and serving him. The third feature is to express passion in exaggerated language; Extremely exaggerated poems such as "Three thousands of feet with White Hair", "Snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as seats" and "A gust of wind blows down the mountain in three days" abound in his poems. It is only because of its exaggeration that it is vivid and extremely inaccurate, but it accurately expresses his feelings. Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770) was born in Gong County, Henan Province, and came from a well-educated family. His grandfather Du Shen Yan was a famous poet. When I was young, I traveled from wuyue in the south to Qi and Zhao in the north. 35 years old, went to Chang' an to ask for an official. After living in poverty for 10 years, I finally got an eight-product junior official. An Shi Rebellion broke out, Chang 'an fell, Du Fu was trapped in the city, and then fled to Hengli and Su Zong, where he was left to meet him. At the age of 49, he abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan with his family, and settled in a thatched cottage outside Chengdu. He was sponsored by his good friend Yanwu as the Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Education (so he was often called Du Gongbu). He lived in Sichuan for eight years. At the age of 57, he left Sichuan and moved to Hubei and Hunan. At the age of 59, he died on a boat near Yueyang.
Li and Du are equally famous, but their personalities and poetic styles are quite different. Li Bai is like a wild and uninhibited horse, and Du Fuxiang is hard-working and has his own style and value. Du Fu's poetic style is mature and steady, and tends to be realistic. All his poems, on the one hand, reflect the life experience of an upright intellectual, and at the same time, they are a true portrayal of the history of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Du Fu's poems are also called "the history of poetry" by later generations, which is based on this.
The Anshi Rebellion is the most painful experience in Du Fu's life, and it is also an important content of his poems. Poetry in this period, although there are also laments about personal poverty, is more concerned with people's suffering. In 756 AD, Fang Fang, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, led a 40,000-50,000-strong army to fight fiercely with the Anshi Rebellion in Chen Tao. Due to improper command, almost all the troops were wiped out. Du Fu wrote a poem "Sorrow for Chen Tao":
In the early winter, the blood of good children's families from more than a dozen counties after World War I spilled on Chen Tao's water.
The wilderness under the blue sky became silent, and 40 thousand soldiers died on this day.
The red arrow on the savage Hu Bing arrow, the blood of kind people, the singers can't understand Hugh's drinking spree on Chang 'an Avenue.
People in Chang 'an turned their heads and wept in the direction of Chen Tao, hoping that the troops of the Tang Dynasty could come back and restore their peaceful life in the past.
In the early winter (Meng Dong) season, the children of good families recruited from more than a dozen counties were all sprinkled with blood after World War I, and the wilderness under the blue sky was silent, and all 40,000 soldiers died in one day. The savage Hu Bing arrow was dripping with the blood of good people, singing Hugh, and people couldn't understand it. They drank and reveled in Chang 'an Avenue. People in Chang 'an turned to Chen Tao, tears streaming down their faces, looking forward to Tang Jun's return day and night and restoring a peaceful life. The poet's grief and indignation is the grief and indignation of the people, and he is shouting for the people. The famous "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" in Du Fu's poems fully reflect the deep suffering brought to the people by the An Shi Rebellion. Let's look at homelessness:
"After the lonely Tianbao, the garden is lonely, but wormwood ... life is homeless, why steam?" (For space limitations, please refer to the original text.)
This is written in the first person, and the "I" in the poem is a young farmer who came back from the army. After the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), rural areas generally declined and rural roads were desolate. Soldiers who came back from the defeat saw that their hometown had changed beyond recognition, neighbors had fled to death, the old village had become an empty lane, even the sun was dim, and the atmosphere was miserable. This village has become a paradise for foxes. They turned their backs on each other and were angry, blaming the young people's crying for disturbing their peace. Tired of boredom, farmers began to hoe the fields, irrigate the gardens and do their duty as cultivators in order to survive. However, he still can't live peacefully. The sheriff knew he was back and told him to go to training. This time, I am a local soldier. I didn't leave the state. I turned around and looked at my home. I don't have anything to bring. It's a little comforting to be alone, but it's better to be local than far from home. But on second thought, there is nothing to miss in my hometown, and the distance is the same. It doesn't matter. He thought of his mother who had died for five years. Her children were unfilial, and both mother and son left an unforgettable legacy. How can people live without a home?
"Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" make people think: Who brought the people to this point? Naturally, it is caused by corruption of those in power. Before the news of the Anshi Rebellion reached Chang 'an, Du Fu wrote a long poem "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian", which sharply exposed the extravagant life of the supreme ruling group headed by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and pointed out that their enjoyment was based on the cruel exploitation of farmers: "The silks and silks distributed by the imperial court were originally from cold women; Whip his husband's family and get together. " Extreme injustice made the poet write, "the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the road has frozen bones;" The distance between glory and death is so short that it is hard to say it again. At the end of this poem, the poet wrote that he returned to his home in Fengxian: "When I heard about this, my little son was hungry." His own child starved to death! In grief, he thought that as a small bureaucrat, he neither paid taxes nor fought as a soldier, and his life was still full of bitterness, so the suffering of ordinary people was even more imaginable. In the third year after the An-Shi Rebellion broke out, Du Fu wrote the famous long poem "Northern Expedition". He was deeply worried about the national unrest, expounded his views on the current situation, and eagerly hoped that the country would revive, and the feelings of patriotism and love for the people filled the whole poem.
Du Fu's poems describing sincere feelings between relatives and friends are also very touching, such as "Eight Guards for Chu Shi":
"It is almost as difficult for friends to meet, just like the morning star and the evening star ... the mountains will separate us tomorrow, and after tomorrow-who can say for sure? . "(space limitation, omitted)
Participation and business are two stars that never appear at the same time, which means that friends rarely meet each other. On a beautiful night, the poet and his old friends who have been away for many years get together and tell their feelings under the light; Youth time flies, and we see each other's temples are gray. The poem describes the surprise of meeting each other, the courtesy of children, the enthusiasm of hospitality and the ease of drinking. Finally, I wrote about the disappointment of separation, revealing beautiful and profound feelings everywhere. Middle-aged and elderly people with considerable social experience are more likely to be moved when reading this poem.
Du Fu's metrical poetry is the highest achievement of metrical poetry and has always been recognized as a model of metrical poetry. We read the first of his eight poems about autumn prosperity:
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
This was written by Du Fu when he stayed in Kuijing in his later years. Autumn has arrived, and the dead leaves of maple trees have fallen one after another after the frost, and the Wushan Wuxia, which covers the sky, is deserted and even more bleak and quiet. There are waves in the Yangtze River, and the imaginary world of Saibei is still in flames. The poet has seen chrysanthemums here twice, and now he thinks of crying for flowers; The lonely boat firmly tied to the shore reminds the poet of the situation that he wants to return to his hometown but can't leave, which makes him feel infinite sorrow. The women here are busy cutting cotton-padded clothes for the winter with knives, guns and rulers, and the sound of anvil beating clothes from Baidicheng has aroused the poet's unforgettable homesickness and cannot be released. In the past, people often used the word "depressed and frustrated" to evaluate the style of Du Fu's seven laws, and this poem is a typical one.
There is a couplet written by Guo Moruo hanging in Du Fu's thatched cottage in Chengdu: "The world is scarred, and the sage in the poem;" The people suffer, and the bottom of the pen fluctuates. " The word 16 sums up Du Fu's poems well. Du Fu's poems embody the conscience of ancient outstanding intellectuals. He stood among the masses, shared joys and sorrows with the people, appealed for the people and defended Li Shu. In this respect, he is a permanent model of China intellectuals. He devoted his life to writing poems, and his poems are solid in content, pure in enthusiasm, deep in anger and dignified in style. In this respect, he is also an example for poets to learn. He is good at learning and inheriting tradition. "Words never die", and the attitude of writing poems is serious. Both ancient poems and modern poems are in a wonderful and beautiful state. The so-called "poet saint" is a saint in the field of poetry. Du Fu is the only person who has won this honor in the history of China's poetry for more than 3,000 years.