Through frequent exchanges between China and Japan, Baifeng culture, Tian Ping (Nara) culture and Qian 'an (Hong Ren Zhenguan) culture influenced by Tang Wenhua appeared in Japan.
Baifeng culture refers to a period of culture from 645 to 7 10 before the capital moved to Nara, named after the pheasant year number (650-654). This kind of culture is still centered on Buddhist culture, but it was influenced by the culture of the Six Dynasties in mainland China in the early stage and the culture of the Tang Dynasty in the later stage. During the reign of Emperor Tianwu, the system of gods centered on Ise Shrine and the system of the new emperor's enthronement ceremony were established. At the same time, vigorously protect Buddhism and implement Buddhist enlightenment. To this end, official temples such as Daguan Temple and Yangle Temple were built, and seminars were held to explain the classic laws of protecting the country. Nobles all over the country have also established their own temples. In 692, there were 545 temples in China. As the representative of Baifeng culture, the representative buildings left at that time included Yakutski East Tower, Tianshan Temple Cloister, Yakutsi Foundation Hall Pharmacist, etc., and the representative paintings included Horyuji Jintang Mural and Gaosongzhong Tomb Mural. In addition, there are Chinese poems created by Prince Ota and Prince Otsu, as well as long and short songs and harmonies created by Wang Ota and persimmon himself Ma Lu, whose works were included in Huaifengzao and anthology compiled in Nara era.
Although Tian Ping culture was taken from Tian Pingnian (724-748) when Emperor Shengwu was in power, it generally refers to the culture of the whole Nara era (7 10-794). The culture of this period was deeply influenced by the culture of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, forming aristocratic culture including Buddhist culture. This kind of culture is first embodied in the compilation of national history, in order to establish the sacred authority of the royal family. Ancient Tales, a three-volume book published in 7 12, describes the story of creation, the coming of the sun, SHEN WOO's crusade and Chun Wu's crusade to push the ancient emperor under a pseudonym, which contains many myths and legends, but some traces of the formation of the Japanese nation can also be seen from it. The 30-volume Annals of China, written in 720 AD, is a chronological history book of, covering the period from the mythological era to the Emperor's period in 697 AD. Historical data is of great value, but it still needs critical and analytical references. The official revision of history continued until the middle of heian period. * * There are six historical books written in Chinese, namely, Continued Japanese History, Post-Japanese History, Continued Japanese History, Continued Japanese History, A Record of Emperor Wende of Japan, and A Record of Three Generations of Japan, among which Japanese History is collectively called History of Six Kingdoms. In addition, in July13, the imperial court ordered countries to compile the names of mountains and rivers, local specialties, ancient legends and so on. , that is, local chronicles recorded in Chinese. At present, there are only Liu Chang, Izumo, Bomo, Hou Feng, Fei Qian and other local chronicles, most of which are incomplete. [I]
In terms of literature and art, the Nara era has also made great progress compared with the previous era. Among them, The Collection of Ye Wan, written under a pseudonym, contains about 4,500 peace songs from 759 years ago, with authors ranging from emperors to civilians, Kanto farmers and guards. After Ota Wang and persimmon Ma Lu in Baifeng culture period, Yishan Yiliang and Sakamoto Noya Xiang are the representatives of Nara era, collectively referred to as four generations of singers. The representative buildings left by Nara era include Fahuatang, Zhengcang Courtyard and Zhao Ti Temple of Dongda Temple, the representative sculptures include the King Kong statue of Fahuatang of Dongda Temple, and the representative paintings include a bird's hair screen-a picture of a beautiful woman under a tree, all of which have traces of cultural influence in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Especially in Zhengcangyuan, which collects royal treasures, its articles fully show the influence of cultural exchanges between the East and the West.
From the end of the eighth century to the end of the ninth century, the early days of peace (Hong Ren? Zhenguan culture is still deeply influenced by Tang Wenhua, but during this period, folk Buddhism rose, and foreign religions merged with local religions, forming a "unity of God and Buddhism". The most famous monk went to the Tang Dynasty with the Tang envoy, returned to China to establish Tiantai Sect, and taught himself the Buddhist altar, which established the central position of Liyan Temple in Japanese Buddhism. Konghai, another famous monk, also studied Tantric Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty and returned to China to create a spell. Both factions advocate practicing in the mountains, so their temples are built in the shape of mountains, leaving behind representative buildings such as the Golden Hall of Fangsheng Temple and the Pentecostal Pagoda, among which the Buddha statues are also mysterious. In addition, due to the adoption of Chinese, the form, style and even ideological content in China's literary history have influenced Japan and enlightened Japanese literature. The earliest collections of Chinese poetry in Japan include Huai Feng Zao, Ling, Wen Hua Mei Ji and Guo Jing Ji, all of which were formed in the middle Tang Dynasty and were deeply influenced by parallel prose from the Six Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty. The oldest harmony song "Ye Wan Collection" is compared to China's "The Book of Songs", and the establishment of the tone of May 7th is imitated by China and Long song. In addition, such as banquets, thanks, singing, poetry, seeing off, etc. All of them were inspired by the artistic conception of poets in the Tang Dynasty, and the most famous Japanese novel Tale of Genji was inspired by Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow.
Because most government officials are literati and scholars who are good at Tang Wenhua, the imperial court often holds banquets to recite Chinese poems, and many excellent Chinese poetry collections emerge, which makes this era known as the "Dark Age of National Style" in the history of literature.
During the Tang Dynasty, China was in the leading position in the world in economy and culture. Its stable rule, open policy and convenient transportation at home and abroad all opened the door for the spread of Tang culture and religion overseas.
In 327, Buddhism was introduced into Koguryo from China and Japan via the Korean Peninsula. Japanese monks who entered the Tang Dynasty brought various Buddhist sects in China back to Japan and returned home with many classics. During the Nara period (7 10-794), the so-called six cases of Gu Jing were all sects in China, such as Daozhao, Zhida and Zhitong in the early Tang Dynasty, who came to learn Xuanzang, and then they became wise, and Fang Xuan came to learn it. After returning to China, it was divided into South Temple and North Temple, and special sects were established. On the day of Buddhism, Daoguang comes first.
The people who entered the Tang Priest not only made outstanding contributions in spreading Buddhism and preaching, but also greatly promoted the spread of China culture in Japan. In this respect, the empty sea is the most prominent. Although he came to the Tang Dynasty to study Buddhism, his contribution to the cultural exchange between China and Japan was not limited to Buddhism. In addition to bringing a large number of Buddhist scriptures to Japan, Konghai also brought back classics such as Liu Xiyi Collection, Wang Changling Collection and Zhu Qiancheng's Poems. A large number of poems and calligraphy works in the Tang Dynasty, such as prose and Wang Zhizhang's poems. Among them, the seal script The Name of Everything compiled by him is the first Chinese dictionary in Japan, which has played an important role in the spread of Tang culture in Japan. Another important work of his, Jing Hua Yuan, not only promoted Japan's understanding and absorption of the culture of the Tang Dynasty, but also was an important material for understanding the literary history of the Han and Tang Dynasties.
Before the 8th century, the Japanese used Chinese characters as a narrative tool. Kibi No Asomi Makibi, an overseas student, and Konghai, a monk, created Japanese kana letters-Katakana and Hiragana-on the basis of Japanese phonetic notation of Chinese characters in China, which greatly promoted the development of Japanese culture. At the same time, Japanese vocabulary and grammar are also influenced by Chinese.