The origin of the poem has been lost, and the joy, sorrow, and anger, the love of good and evil, are reflected in poetry at first sight. And the original purpose is to be loyal to the emperor, care about the country, and think about chaos when hurt. Reading his poems can tell us about his life, so it was called "the history of poetry" at that time. ——"Complete Tang Poems" of the Qing Dynasty
Tonight in Fūzhou, I can only watch the moon in my boudoir. I pity my children from afar, but I still remember Chang'an.
The fragrant mist makes the servant girl wet, and the clear jade arm is cold. When do I lean on Xuguo, my tears will dry when I shine with my eyes. ——Moonlight Night (Du Fu)
A short five-character poem with simple and straightforward language conveys strong emotions. There is no deliberate embellishment, no need for excessive sensationalism, and it is presented naturally. The lyrical protagonist standing behind the words is looking forward to seeing through, which makes people moved. However, what is different from other works about missing family and relatives is that the expression of Du Shi's thoughts and emotions does not only stay in his own perspective, but also focuses more on the other person. This kind of technical processing of shifting body and position, and the use of combining virtual and real techniques, give the poem a different kind of situation.
Looking at the moon and thinking about it has been the case since ancient times. However, the poet does not write that he is looking at the moon and pregnant with his wife, but he imagines that his wife is looking at the moon and missing him. He also uses the meaning of the children (because they are young) to "unremember their mother's memories of Chang'an" to highlight the sadness of his wife's "loneliness", and then hopes to gather together and lean against each other. Reunion: The first couplet uses the typical image "Yanzhou Moon" - the moon where the wife and daughter live - to write about the wife looking at the moon and thinking about herself, rather than writing about her longing for his wife and daughter from her own perspective. The use of this shifting and changing technique of expression shows the depth and depth of his thoughts. While the word "lone" expresses the loneliness of his wife, it also expresses the pain of missing him. Although we live in different places, our hearts are together; even if we can't see each other, we always put each other in the most important position in our hearts. It is precisely in this way that when Du Fu, who was trapped in Chang'an, saw a bright moon, he could not help but think of his wife and daughter living in Qiang Village. The author of the couplet painted a warm picture through imagination: the bright moon is in the sky, the wife and her daughter are sitting in the courtyard looking up at the bright moon, the children are playing, and the wife is looking at the moon and missing her husband who is wandering alone outside. Children cannot understand the sorrow and loneliness in their mother's heart, and the word "unresolved" makes them even more sad. The neck couplet imagines the scene of the wife looking at the moon. Time passes and the bright moon sets in the west. The children have fallen asleep, but the wife still stands alone in the courtyard for a long time. It was already dark, the dew wetted my wife's hair, the moonlight shone on my wife's body, and the weather was getting colder. "The clouds and wet servant girls" indicate that his wife has been standing looking at the moon for a long time; "The cold jade arms" describe Du Fu's care for his wife - the weather is cold, don't hurt your body; the last couplet changes from imagination to full of hope for the future. The whole family can be reunited, stay together forever, and enjoy family harmony. There is a little helplessness in the question "when". Things are uncertain and society is in turmoil. As an individual living in the current of society, you cannot control your own destiny. Maybe the day of reunion will come soon, or maybe it will be far away. For Du Fu, what he longs for is the former. In this way, there is no need to look at the sight and shed tears all day long. When I think of my wife who is worried and sleepless at night, I can't help but shed tears. Looking at the moon in two places, each has tears, which cannot but arouse the hope of ending this painful life; "double photos" and the tears begin to dry, "looking alone" and the tears do not dry, "double photos" and the previous ones "Looking alone" makes it even more sad.
A five-character poem about looking at the moon and cherishing people. A man trapped in Chang'an misses his wife and daughter who live far away in the countryside. However, the author broke with the usual way of writing. Instead of describing his deep longing and inner pain from his own perspective, he wrote about his wife's concern for him from the perspective of his wife who was far away from home. This way of transferring one's own feelings to others adds to the rich lyrical atmosphere of the poem. It is titled "Moonlight Night", and every word is illuminated by the moonlight, with "single look" and "double light" as the eyes of the poem. "Looking alone" is reality, but from the opposite perspective, it only writes that the wife "looked alone" at the moon in Yanzhou and "remembered Chang'an", and his own "looking alone" at the moon in Chang'an and recalled Yanzhou is already included. "Double photos" include both memories and hopes: the "single look" of sentimental "tonight", the recall of the same look in the past, and the hope of leaning against the "virtual cover" (thin curtain) and looking at the moon's comfort in the unknown "where" time” future. The purpose of the poem is gentle and clear, and the composition is tight. As Huang Sheng said: "Up to this point, there is no sage in poetry!" With the reading thought of "What a wonderful person he is", let's step into Du Fu's world. The core of Du Fu's thoughts is the Confucian idea of ??"benevolent government". He adhered to the ideal of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" throughout his life, and he always walked on the road. Du Fu was born into a family of officials. His distant ancestor was Du Yu, who was famous in the Jin Dynasty. His grandfather was Du Shenyan, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. When Du Fu was a teenager, his family environment was superior and he lived a relatively stable and prosperous life. He was eager to learn since he was a child, and could compose poems at the age of seven. "At seven years of age, he is strong when he thinks about it, and he chants the phoenix with his mouth." However, Du Fu was born at the wrong time and lived in the historical period when the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. He personally experienced the transformation of the Tang Empire from prosperity to decline, and also personally felt the pain caused by the turmoil of the current situation to the common people. "Worrying about Li Yuan, sighing about the heat in the intestines" shows Du Fu's concern for the fate of the people.
A brief review of Du Fu's mental journey can be seen that Du Fu's poems record the great historical changes in the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and express the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of worry, so they are known as " History of Poetry”.
On the one hand, it expresses ideals and ambitions and the expected life path; on the other hand, it expresses his political ideal of "promoting kings, Yao and Shun, and then making customs pure". During this period, many works reflected the suffering of the people and the political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. As the politics of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty became more and more corrupt, his life fell into poverty and despair day by day. Even so, he did not forget to worry about the fate of the people. "Everyone is happy" is the best record. It was during the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty that the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline. Du Shi was involved in social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's suffering at that time, such as "The wine and meat in the Zhumen smelled bad, and the roads were frozen to death." ".
Du Fu was born in the Tang Dynasty and gave himself completely to the country. Although he was abandoned by the court from time to time, he never gave up on the fate of the country and the people. Du Fu walked on the road all his life, not for himself, but to watch the world with his own eyes, and write pictures of the world with poetry. They were dark, gloomy, and some were even full of blood. "Three officials and three farewells" With a cold eye and suffocating writing style, he records society and exposes its darkness. Du Fu's true record of "taking place due to events and being moved by sorrow and joy" preserved a period of history of the Tang Dynasty in a unique recording method. And his concern for the country and the people in his heart interprets the scholar's social responsibility from one aspect. To be prosperous and benefit the world is a belief held by those who join the world, and to be alone in poverty is a self-protective way of survival for those who are outside the world. But for Du Fu, no matter he was poor or prosperous, he always cast his perspective on the vast society and used his own way to run and call out. . Although nothing can be changed, there is a voice that can make people feel a touch of warmth even if the situation is in decline.
---Chen Shitong