Put the plow on the ridge,
ZH ǒ n ɡ Chá n ɡ Joe.
Hunger grows in the hands.
chuānɡ
Weaver girl shuttling under the window,
What I want to say is.
Hand-woven without clothes.
What are you talking about?
I miss Yan,
Hello, I'm good, hello.
Become a woman's posture.
yíXiào b zhi qián，
Smiles are worthless,
Rilan yiya ·ɡuó· fay.
Since the country is fat.
For thousands of years, people have only read the first two of Shen Li's three poems that sympathize with farmers. This third poem, Poems for Peasants, reached the palace. Where did it go? It was not until modern times that people found it in the Tang poems of Dunhuang Grottoes. Minnong
Yang Wanli
Rice clouds are neither rainy nor yellow, and buckwheat flowers are frosted early.
I have been divided into years of hunger and disability, and I can grow up in the years!
Minnong
God has no mercy on farmers,
Yellow wind blows everywhere.
It's hard to rain without clouds,
The people have hardly gained anything.
Comment: The four sentences in this poem are causal. The first sentence "God has no pity on farmers" highlights God's ruthlessness by anthropomorphic means. The second sentence comes from "God has no mercy on farmers", which leads to "Yellow Wind Everywhere". The yellow wind dispersed the clouds, so there was no rain. The last sentence is the result of drought and no rain: "Less harvest", which leads to the theme of the whole poem. The whole poem is clear and profound, showing sympathy for people's livelihood in a simple narrative. Think of it as a sermon and read it.
If you cry like a complaint, you will feel sadness in your chest.
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May. In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow. Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp. Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang. Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun. I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer. There is another poor woman with her son in her arms. Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm. Listening to his words of concern is very sad. My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger. Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry. There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight. I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day. It is rare for cultivators to have free days, and every family is doubly busy in May. Last night, a south wind blew, and the wheat was covered with long ditches and brown. Women carry bamboo rice and small rice, and children carry crock pulp soup. After going forward, we drove the noon bus to the field, and the boys were working hard in Nangang. The country weather in summer makes my feet steaming, and the burning sun makes my back burning. I'm exhausted and I don't feel hot. I just hope this summer will last forever. There are even those poor women holding babies beside them. Right hand to pick up the lost ears of wheat, left arm hanging a broken basket. Listening to their conversation in a few words, I can't help but feel infinite sadness: "My family's income has been taxed, and this leak has suppressed the famine." What are my advantages now? I have never been engaged in farming and sericulture. If you eat rice with nine grades and three hundred stones, there will be surplus food for adults. I am ashamed to think of these things, and I can't forget them all day long. This poem is clear in narration, natural in structure, clear in hierarchy and strong in logic. At the beginning of the poem, the background is explained first, indicating that May is the busy season for wheat harvest. Then write down that women lead their children to the fields to give food and water to young people who are cutting wheat. Later, it described young farmers cutting wheat with their heads down in Nangang wheat field, fumigating their feet with the heat, and baking their backs in the hot sun. They are tired and don't feel hot, but they just cherish the long days in summer and can do more work. At this point, the farmer's hard work has been strongly demonstrated. Then I described another sad scene: a poor woman, with a child in her arms and a broken basket in her hand, was picking wheat by the wheat harvester. Why are you picking wheat? Because her family's fields have "lost all taxes"-sold to pay the palace tax, and now there is no land to plant and no wheat to harvest, so we have to rely on wheat to satisfy our hunger. These two scenes are intertwined, with both differences and connections: the former reveals the hardships of farmers, while the latter reveals heavy taxes. Since heavy taxes have made poor women lose their fields, they will also make this peasant family who is cutting wheat lose their fields. Today's wheat pickers are yesterday's wheat pickers; Today's wheat harvesters may become tomorrow's wheat harvesters. Strong irony is self-evident. The poet linked the pain of farmers' life with the ease of his own life, feeling ashamed and unable to calm down for a long time. This lyric text is the essence of the whole poem. It is the product of the author's touching feelings and shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Bai Juyi wrote satirical poems with the aim of "only making people sick, and I hope the emperor knows." In this poem, he made a sharp contrast between the peasants and himself as a court official with his own personal feelings, that is, he hoped that the "son of heaven" was affectionate and tactful, which could be described as well-intentioned. Bai Juyi is the master of art who is best at writing narrative poems. His narrative poems can fully express people's feelings and things, and write the events described in them in twists and turns. Moreover, his narrative poems always contain the revelation of the soul, so they always contain feelings. Although he didn't write much in Watching the Wheat Harvest, he vividly described the hard and painful life scenes of the wheat harvesters and gleaner during the summer harvest. Not only wrote things, but also wrote hearts, including the author's own heart and the hearts of working people. The poet's heartstrings were obviously shaken and trembled by the tragic scene he heard and witnessed, so he raised his pen to express his feelings directly, and his lines were full of sympathy and pity for the workers. Poems such as "It's full of rustic heat, which makes my back burn" and "My land has lost all taxes, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger" contain the author's sympathy and pity! Therefore, in the narrative of this poem "Looking at Wheat", there is the infiltration of the author's feelings and the beating of his heart, and the author's heart is integrated with what he tells. What is commendable is that while describing the working people, the author can also truly write the voices of the working people, especially depicting the abnormal psychology of the working people in a certain situation and profoundly revealing the theme of the poem. In The Charcoal Man, "Poor man's clothes are simple, but he is worried about charcoal, wishing it would be cold", describing the abnormal psychology of the old man who sells charcoal because of food and clothing. "I don't know the heat when I'm exhausted, but I regret the long summer" in "Watching Wheat Cutting" is also a kind of abnormal psychology. This description depicts the working people's hearts in detail and goes deep into the details. The perfect unity of writing and writing in poetry is more shocking than the general unity of narrative and lyric. Bai Juyi is also an expert in using contrast techniques. In his poetry creation, he not only compared the poverty and kindness of the working people with the luxury tyranny of the landlord class, but also compared his own comfort with the poverty of the working people. After writing about the hardships and pains of farmers in the hot summer, the poet also thought of himself, feeling that he had no "merit" and "didn't work for farmers and mulberry", but he was paid "three hundred stones" and still had "surplus grain" by the end of the year, so he was "ashamed of it and couldn't forget it every day". It was very rare for poets to take the initiative to compare with farmers at that time. This contrast is really novel, accurate, commendable and thought-provoking, which shows the ideological height of this poem.
The whole poem is divided into four layers, the first layer is four sentences, explaining time and its environmental atmosphere. "Farmers have less leisure in that month, but people are twice as busy in May." When people are twice as busy in May, the following things will happen. These two sentences always affect the whole body, revealing the author's sympathy for the working people at the beginning; "At night, the south wind rises and the wheat is covered with yellow." There is a harvest scene, and the big picture is pleasing to the eye, but no one can think of the sadness of farmers under this harvest scene. The second layer of eight sentences, through a specific family to show this "busy" wheat harvest scene. Mother-in-law and daughter-in-law are carrying rice baskets, while little grandson is carrying a kettle. They are going to deliver meals to people who work in the fields. Men go to the fields before dawn; After getting up, women are busy with housework before cooking; The little grandson went to the fields with his grandma and mom when they were delivering food. They will work with the men after supper. This family is very busy in the field: "It's full of rustic heat and the sun is shining on its back. I don't know how hot it is, but the summer is long. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. They seem to have completely forgotten the heat, because it is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food" and time must be seized. The weather is so hot and the days are so long, but people work hard and are afraid of wasting a little time, which shows how much people cherish the wheat they are about to get. The word "pity" is well used here, which is a kind of writing that goes against human nature to highlight the emotional strength of people here and now. There is a saying in Bai Juyi's The Charcoal Man, "I am poor in clothes and simple in heart, and I am worried about charcoal. I wish to use the word here as much as I cherish it." In three stories and eight sentences, the camera turns to a poor woman who can't survive because of taxes. Now she can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears, which is one level lower than the whole family's busy harvesting wheat ears. She held a child in her left hand, a broken bamboo basket in her arms, and picked up the fallen ears of wheat in her right hand. It was very tiring, but she gained little. But there was nothing she could do. At that time, it was the time to harvest wheat, and there were still ears of wheat to pick. Otherwise, she will have to beg in the street. Last year and the year before last, her family also had land to plant and money to collect Michael's family. It was only later that the tax was cornered and the real estate and land were changed, which led to this situation today. Readers can imagine that people who are busy harvesting now may, like her, have no land to plant next year and can only make a living by harvesting wheat ears. The fourth floor, six sentences, the poet feels guilty and ashamed of such a tragic scene under the bumper harvest. This passage is the essence of the whole poem and the product of the author's touching feelings, which shows the poet's deep sympathy for the working people. Comment at the end of the poem, which is the same name of many satirical poems by Bai Juyi. The discussion of this poem does not directly point to the root of social diseases, but shows the author's guilt and shame, which is also a vague criticism of the whole bureaucratic aristocratic society. Bai Juyi is just a small county commandant with three hundred stones. Those big bureaucrats and big noble should actually feel guilty. The emperor is in charge of taxes, and the author cannot openly oppose it. He can only use this ending to achieve the purpose of irony. The title of the work is "Watching the Wheat Harvest", but what actually appears on the screen is a wheat harvester next to the wheat harvester, and the author's attention is just more focused on the latter. At present, they are rich and poor in different degrees, but their fate is closely related. Gleaner, who is sad and poor today, was a hard and busy reaper yesterday; Today's hard-working and busy wheat pickers may be reduced to miserable wheat pickers tomorrow. As long as there are heavy taxes, the working people will never escape bankruptcy. Here, the author sharply criticized the tax system that harmed the people at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the suffering of the working people. Moreover, it is not general sympathy, but further putting the poet himself in, feeling that he is too different from the working people and guilty. Bai Juyi's poem truly reflects the thoughts and feelings of the working people and shouts out their voices. The basic feature of the whole poem in writing is to describe the real life scene truthfully without any exaggeration. The author chose two scenes of busy family and bleak gleaning, which made them form a strong contrast. Although the former is tired, there is still hope for the time being. As for the latter, it is completely duckweed, which is in jeopardy. [4]