The footsteps of the senior high school entrance examination are getting closer and closer. How do students review their Chinese subjects? Below, I have searched and sorted out the knowledge and solving methods of various Chinese questions for everyone. Welcome to learn from them. I hope it will help you prepare for the exam! For more information, please continue to pay attention to our fresh graduates training network!
First, pronunciation and writing.
A solution to the problem
1. Reminder: The Chinese characters examined in paragraphs are the most commonly used basic Chinese characters, and the students' most basic Chinese writing ability is examined. Meditate in the examination room-don't write typos or other words!
2. Choose words to fill in the blanks: this is a question to examine the usage of words. Students and teachers will think that they are distributing sub-questions together, and they should make correct choices according to the context. Wrong choice, at least 2 points will be deducted. These words can only be used once, so be sure to read the requirements of the topic clearly, whether it is "filling in words" or "filling in serial numbers"!
3. Identify and modify sick sentences
★ Keep in mind six types:
Improper word order [improper word order; Improper position of function words, mixed sentence pattern (two sentences are spliced together and two formats are used), incomplete or redundant components (no subject, no object, many components), unclear meaning (changeable and ambiguous statement object), improper collocation and illogical.
★ When making typos in the examination room, you must read the sentences silently!
★ Pay attention to the topic requirements. If you correct the original sentence, you should use symbolic modification. If you write it on a horizontal line, you should use language modification.
★ Solution:
● The wrong types of sick sentences are generally not repeated, which is where you can use them!
● Modification and identification of common ill sentences
First look at the sentence to see if there is any ambiguity based on language sense. If it doesn't make sense, but you can't find out where the problem lies, you can compress the add-on components by extracting the trunk first, so it is clear at a glance whether the collocation between the trunks is improper.
Secondly, pay attention to coordinate phrases as sentence components. When a sentence component is acted on by a joint phrase, it will often lead to improper collocation because of one thing and one thing. For example, more and more online novels have aroused the interest and buzz of the younger generation. )
Third, pay attention to prepositional phrases. Using a preposition at the beginning of a sentence sometimes makes the sentence lack a subject. Because, through, through, manufacturing ... (For example, under the current situation that "the law is not enough, the reader does not distinguish", the publishers of fake books have nothing to hide. )
Fourth, pay attention to negative words. Using multiple negative words in a sentence often reverses the meaning of the sentence.
Fifth, be careful when you encounter long sentences. Too long sentences often lead to language diseases such as incomplete components and improper collocation due to poor care before and after.
Sixth, we should be more careful about the words "can" and "yes" in the sentence. One side may have two sides.
Seventh, pay attention to the juxtaposition of several words, which may be improper classification and enumeration (big concepts and small concepts mixed together), or improper sorting and partial collocation! Newspapers, magazines, television and all publications are discussing, discovering and solving problems.
Eighth, pay attention to the "not only (not only)" and "and" in the progressive sentence, and whether the order of the two clauses conforms to the progressive relationship!
For example, Australia has a warm climate in June165438+1October, and flocks of parrots are not only afraid of strangers, but also like to indulge in the hands of tourists. They are colorful and extremely colorful.
Ninth, when numbers appear, there may be language diseases such as repetition and contradiction. About 6000 people, the top speed can reach 100 km/h, at least 50 people double.
Step 4 recite from memory
You must do the questions in the form and choose to do them. Among them, there are "mechanical questions" to write sentences according to the context. It only needs to remember the content, not to write typos, and it is the most commonly used famous sentence, which is basically not difficult; There are also comprehension test questions; In addition, the choice of topics is a little more difficult, and students' ability of understanding, application, accumulation and induction is examined.
For its contents, see Contents of Classic Poems and Famous Articles and 50 Ancient Poems that Junior High School Students Must Recite in the New Curriculum Standard.
★ Suggestion: Be sure to look at the words you often make mistakes in this kind of questions before the exam.
5. Language expression
★ Sentence imitation writing questions
Note: To achieve "four unifications": (1) theme, (2) sentence pattern, (3) rhetoric and (4) tone. It is worth noting that this requirement is more flexible than the first three items. As long as the tone is uniform and the content is flexible, students' creativity and aesthetic taste can be better reflected.
★ Quasi-couplets
Think about solving problems:
1. Pay attention to antithesis (person to person, thing to thing, place name to place name. Part of speech should be relative), most of which are strictly correct.
Generally speaking, the upward and downward connections are often the same, mostly positive.
★ masterpiece review
Generally speaking, the focus of this part is to examine the contents of 10 literary classics recommended by the new curriculum standard. There are roughly two types of requirements: one is to tell the title of the book, the name of the person and the relevant plot. The second is to talk about your reading experience and reading gains. The former is about memorizing and mastering the contents of famous books. The latter topic is to talk about one's own experience in combination with the contents of the famous works, which can praise or criticize the characters in the famous works and experience the phenomena reflected in the famous works personally.
Second, other language expression training.
★ Comprehensive learning and oral communication questions.
Strong flexibility, high ability requirements, wide range of questions, which may involve topics such as chart analysis, summary, content summary, one-sentence news, advertising slogan creation, hosting a speech, appropriate language (dialogue), interdisciplinary synthesis, etc. Ask students to pay attention to real life; Pay attention to historical culture and local characteristics; Pay attention to grammar and rhetoric. Pay attention to the use of draft paper when doing this kind of problem.
Example 1 (4 points) On August 24th, 2007, Tencent released an advertisement, which caused an uproar. The discussion originated from a casual clothing advertisement slogan of Mason Group Co., Ltd.: "I can't control global warming, but at least I look good!" Numerous netizens strongly criticized the negative effect of this advertisement, but the person in charge of Mason shouted that it had more positive connotation.
Please stand on both sides and analyze the meaning of this advertisement concisely and accurately in one sentence. (No more than 30 words per sentence)
(1) Ma Senqun: (2) Netizen:
Hint: (1) Mason Group: Highlight the personality of young people and advocate a good attitude and an optimistic and positive attitude towards life. (2 points)
(2) Netizen: misleading teenagers, lacking public welfare, social responsibility and basic professional ethics. (2 points)
The following is a scene that happened during the torch relay of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. As a TV host or live reporter, please attach a comment after the following descriptive text. Requirements: pay attention to emotional color, concise and vivid language, full of appeal, about 80 words. (3 points)
Jin Jing is responsible for the third leg of the torch relay of the Paris Olympic Games on April 7th. During the relay at this station, the third torchbearer and China disabled fencer Jin Jing got off the bus and waited for the handover. A burly figure pounced on Jin Jing and tried to snatch the torch from her hand. But despite the "destroyer" pulling her arm, she still clung to the torch. Completed the torch relay mission. She was in a wheelchair, holding the torch in her right hand and shouting "Come on, China!" Her left hand clenched at the crowd in the street.
A: Example: On the banks of the Seine, Jin Jing braved hardships and dangers, guarding the Olympic torch with her weak body, which touched everyone. This beautiful and brave disabled girl has become the most beautiful girl in the eyes of countless people. She is "Venus the Torch" and "Smile Angel in Wheelchair".
Third, poetry appreciation.
★ It is possible not to directly examine terms (such as artistic techniques and expressive skills), but to hide in general questions, involving the whole poem.
★ Pay attention to "three notes" when doing subjective appreciation questions;
First, pay attention to the topic. Some topics are suggestive in themselves: for example, Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved from left to Longbiao kiln" and so on.
Second, pay attention to the author. The poems selected in the examination are generally poems that can represent the author's main creative style, such as Xin Qiji's bold words, Li Bai's romantic poems and so on. Paying attention to this is very helpful for the overall appreciation.
Third, pay attention to notes. Annotation is the most noteworthy content in appreciation. Although it is only a few words, it is a hint from the questioner. Sometimes introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of this poem; Sometimes the introduction of related poems implies the allusion or artistic conception of this poem; Sometimes the introduction of the author hints at the writing style of this poem. So, be sure to study your notes carefully!
★ Super reminder
● When doing subjective appreciation questions, we should combine the specific analysis of poetry. For example, what means of expression are used to compare two poems? Anyone who simply answers "scene blending" will not score, because there is no specific analysis combined with specific poems.
● Don't simply pile up appreciation terms when expressing, and don't simply label them. Some students have a low level of appreciation, so they have to break away from reality and write some empty appreciation language. We can start with the object of examination, such as content, language and technique. Content direction: what kind of artistic atmosphere is created and what kind of thoughts and feelings (pictures, scenery, thoughts and feelings) are expressed. After answering Cheng Kewei's question: describe the picture (avoid translating the original sentence)-grasp the characteristics of the scene (quiet, bleak, lonely, full of energy, etc.)-distinguish feelings according to the scene and grasp thoughts and feelings (pay attention to the consistency or relativity of the scene); Language: the direction of asking questions is language characteristics, language style and language art, and the direction of answering questions is: fresh and elegant, plain and natural, bright and simple, flowery in rhetoric, euphemistic and implicit, concise and concise, depressed and frustrated, magnificent, multi-spoken, and comprehensible as words. It can also be analyzed from rhetorical devices; In terms of expression, the direction of asking questions is: how to express feelings, how to describe them, and the process of answering questions is: expressing feelings directly, using scenery to express feelings, borrowing things (folding willows, climbing mountains, leaning on columns, using allusions) to express feelings, symbolizing, setting off, contrasting, caring, combining virtual (imaginary) with real (literal) and symbolizing. Zhang Xianzhi or rendering, dynamic and static contrast, personification, exaggeration, positive and true (descriptive method).
● The test questions are generally two small questions. The first small problem may be to find keywords or describe the scene; The second topic may involve the theme of expression or emotion.
Fourth, reading classical Chinese.
● How to read classical Chinese paragraphs?
The form is "in-class 1 classical Chinese+after-class 1 classical Chinese" or "comparative reading of classical Chinese combined inside and outside class". ※
Pay attention to the comments at the end of the paragraph, which are usually very helpful. Words and phrases that play a key role in understanding a paragraph should be derived from the context. ※.
When you can't stand it, take the time to read the test questions-the topic of content analysis is likely to give away the clues! ※! ! !
Important note:
The meaning interpretation and sentence translation of classical Chinese are the most basic knowledge points in classical Chinese, and sometimes the understanding of literary meaning is also examined. These topics are not difficult, the key is the usual accumulation. When you do these questions, you must be serious and score.
Extra-curricular examination of classical Chinese: generally, it is a short essay in classical Chinese, and there are many notes to help candidates understand it, which greatly reduces the difficulty of understanding classical Chinese. This kind of classical Chinese involves the context transfer of classical Chinese words in class and the preliminary understanding of the meaning of the text. As long as you pay attention to comments, combine the knowledge of classical Chinese accumulated at ordinary times, and according to the context, I believe that everyone will be able to make word meaning explanation, sentence translation and semantic understanding questions.
1. Classical Chinese notional words
★ notional words: basically, I have inspected the notes below the book, many of which are commonly used.
Don't forget some methods mentioned by the teacher: using classical Chinese or context learned in class, using part of speech, using corresponding structure and using idioms to prove it.
★ If you can't explain it, you can often consider whether it is fake or alive.
2. Function words in classical Chinese
★ Answer skills: Infer the usage of function words in the sentences by using the given sentences you have learned. As long as you know the usage and meaning of a word, if you bring another word in according to this meaning and see if it has meaning, you can judge whether the two words are the same.
3. Content induction problem
★ answering skills: find out the sentences corresponding to the options in the paragraph and correspond one by one. Find the center and focus on analyzing and discussing sentences. Grasp the meaning of the text roughly. The mistakes in narration or analysis are only at a certain point, mainly the reversal of order, making out of nothing, putting on airs, whether the time of the incident is accurate, whether the likes and dislikes of the characters are appropriate, etc. Sometimes even the understanding of a certain entity word is problematic.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) translation in classical Chinese
★ Literal translation must be done. Generally, free translation is not allowed. Every word must be implemented and faithful to the original text.
Answer skills:
1. To have a sense of scoring, obviously important words (especially verbs) in some sentences must be in place accurately.
2. Pay attention to some special sentence patterns:
● attributive postposition-sentence features: ... people (things)+(things)+... such as: "the horse is thousands of miles away"
● Postposition of prepositional structure-especially "Yu". Remember, prepositional structures like "Yu+object" are generally prepositions in translation.
● Passive sentence-① See ② See "The Emperor is sincere."
What's the matter?
● Elliptic sentences-sentences are often extracted from the text during exams. The selected sentences often have no subject, which belongs to ellipsis and needs us to make up.
In addition, the pronoun "zhi" appears in the middle of a sentence and is often omitted, so it should be supplemented in translation.
Low judgment sentence-"if ...
Sixth, focus on reading.
Read the main points of the novel: 1. Story 2. Character 3. Environment 4. Theme 5. Concepts, skills and language features.
Specific answer ideas:
1. The function of a plot-plot (make the plot stir again, lead to another plot, create suspense, make the plot more prominent, and take care of the previous plot) → characters (enrich the character image and express the character) → themes (deepen a theme and highlight a theme).
2. Write the role of a character-the character (its own personality characteristics, compared with another character) → plot (promoting the development of a plot) → theme (highlighting a theme).
3. The role of environmental description-the environment itself (indicating time, providing a platform for people's activities, creating an atmosphere and rendering the atmosphere) → plot (promoting, suggesting and paving the way) → people (setting off, setting off) → theme (entrusting, suggesting and revealing).
It can be seen that the three elements of the novel-plot, environment and characters are closely related. To investigate one of them, we should also consider the other two, and of course, the soul of the novel-the theme.
4. Theme
How to grasp the theme of the novel? First look at the ending of the protagonist. If the ending is good, it must be a spirit of praising heroes. If the ending is not good, it may be criticizing the hero's bad thoughts, sympathizing with the hero's experience, or revealing some social problems. Secondly, according to the speech and behavior of the protagonist in the text, it analyzes what kind of ideological and emotional tendencies the author shows in the text. The answer mode is generally: through … (someone's experience, something), reveal (praise, irony) …, explain (embody) ….
5. Concepts, skills and linguistic features
(1) concept and structure
Frequently asked questions: What are the characteristics of this article in terms of conception (or structure)?
Ideas: ① Is there a double-line structure? ② Is there a clear clue? ③ Is there flashback or suspense? (4) Are there any contrasts between two diametrically opposed words? ⑤ On the basis of full preparation, is there an unexpected and reasonable ending?
(2) manipulation
Ideas: ① Description methods of characters-portrait description, psychological description, action description, language description, profile description (indirect description) and detail description.
Function-Reveal the characters, show their spiritual world and serve the theme of the novel.
(2) As a whole, the commonly used techniques are as follows: a. See the big from the small; B. Contrast C. Suppress first and then promote (suppress first and then promote) D. Symbol E. Profile description F. Detail description
(3) The function of something as a topic
Ideas: first, it can promote the development of the plot, as a clue running through the whole text, stringing together the protagonist's life; The second is to symbolize some philosophy and express some feelings.
(4) Language features
Ideas: ① concise and concise language; 2 gorgeous language; Neat sentence patterns; Full of rhythm; 3 humor, wit, irony; ④ Concise and meaningful; Euphemism and implication; ⑤ accurate and vivid words; Rich and varied vocabulary.
However, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn: the main points of explanatory reading (scientific works)
(1) Examines the explanation of a concept and a phenomenon, and points out the description object and its characteristics.
(2) The analysis of interpretation methods can be divided into three levels: A. What interpretation methods are used? What does it say? C. what is the role? When answering questions, both sexual and personal things should be answered. )
(3) Investigate the command sequence. (chronological order, spatial order, logical order)
④ Explain the examination of language. Generally, it is divided into four steps: explaining the meaning of words; Explain its significance and function in the text; Consequences of deleting the word; It reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language.
⑤ Screening information, comprehensive exploration, related links and reasoning solutions. You can also ask for advice or suggestions.
● Master the essentials of answering questions.
★ 1. How to realize fast interpretation and grasp the main idea of the selected text?
A. Don't rush to do the problem. Be sure to read the article carefully before getting to the point. Extract the general idea of each paragraph, establish an overall understanding of the article, and focus on solving a problem-what is the selected article written? At the same time, read some important sentences and paragraphs carefully and have a certain understanding of the main idea of the article.
B pay attention to the words, sentences and paragraphs that play a transitional and connecting role in the structure of the article, and draw a central sentence at the beginning and end of each paragraph, especially the paragraph. These words are often the key words that need to be studied when answering questions. By looking for important words, we can further understand the thinking and structural level of the article.
C. When reading, you must be good at grasping lyric sentences to grasp the meaning of the text, especially pay attention to lyric comments at the end of the article, which is often the main idea of the full text.
Answer steps:
A. Read the stem carefully and make full use of the information contained in the stem.
B. check the context. Put the content involved in the proposition back to the original text → find the relevant information area, and then carefully search the front and back of the relevant information area to see if there are any sentences or paragraphs related to it.
C. Look at the scores and match the answers. Generally speaking, every question in modern Chinese reading is given more than 4 points, which also determines that the answer score of each question can not be just one point. Generally speaking, there are at least two answers to a 4-point question and at least three answers to a 6-point question. If the proposer has marked the serial numbers (1) and (2) in the answer, answer the main points according to the serial number. If you don't indicate the serial number, candidates should also know fairly well and can't just answer one point. If there are hints such as "from different angles", "from different aspects" and "what is it" in the stem, we should grasp it more carefully.
Seven. Expression and communication
1. Check the problem
The first hurdle in composition writing is the examination of questions. The composition of the senior high school entrance examination is largely a competition of candidates' "thoughts". If the examination questions go astray, no matter how brilliant the "thought" is, it will only become the art of killing dragons. Special emphasis is placed on finding the right theme.
(1) Don't rush to "scan" the exam questions, but read them silently word by word. So you can force yourself to calm down and read every word in the proposition clearly. For example, the topic "This is also a classroom". It's not what happened in the classroom. For example, the title "Walking with You" should be written with singular people, things and things, not numerous others.
(2) Super reminder:
● If the topic is just some common words without the temporary meaning of "metaphor" and "symbol", then there is no need to pay too much attention to the introduction materials, even if it is not mentioned in the article.
For example, Hill silverstein described a story in The Lost Part: A circle lost a part, and it turned to look for it. Because of the lack of parts, it rolls slowly, which gives it the opportunity to appreciate the flowers along the way, to talk to the sun, to sing with butterflies, and to chat with the insects on the ground ... These are all things that it can't pay attention to and enjoy when it rolls completely and quickly. But when it found that part, because it rolled too fast, it lost all its friends, could not enjoy the flowers calmly, and had no chance to chat. Everything becomes fleeting. ...
Please write a composition on the topic of "loss". The style is not limited, and the topic is self-made, not less than 600 words.
You only need to grasp the "loss" to get pregnant, and you don't need to talk about "ring" anymore. If the article is too attracted by the circle and forgets the more important "loss", it is a big mistake!
● If some words in a topic or topic have temporary "figurative" or "symbolic" meanings, we must first understand the meanings of words with figurative meanings.
Such as "close the door behind you" and "polish your window"
Once you understand it, you can grasp this clear theme and write in a traditional way.
Correctly judge the emotional color of the proposer contained in the topic, analyze whether it is positive or negative, and clarify the intention of the proposer.
● If a proposition or topic is a relational topic composed of two or more words juxtaposed, it is ok to write one or more of them. If the proposer doesn't say anything, let's mention a few. Of course, one of them is the key point. But don't miss any of them.
2. How to open your heart in the examination room
● Propositions or topics with a single concept can be combined into sentences, and the scope can be narrowed by combining words. Such as independence, madness, purification.
● Relational propositions or topics, pay attention to the dialectical relationship between them, focus on one and give consideration to the other.
A judgmental proposition or topic, such as "Is the color in life consistent with the color in the painting", can turn this ambiguous question into a distinct proposition, which can be written according to personal preference or the amount of materials. Both ends of the first mouse are not needed.
Another skill is to use the list method to open your mind. But what different people and different things have to do with the topic. For example, you can list the gains and losses on the draft paper: students' gains and losses, athletes' gains and losses, people's public servants' gains and losses, teachers' gains and losses, super girls' gains and losses ... You can think freely, so that you can always find inspiration for writing!
● Also pay attention to the question of whether the topic is true or false: the topic is very virtual and should be written realistically; The topic is solid, so write it in vain.
3. Style guide:
(1) narrative
● Specification requirements:
There should be some storylines, at least fragments, especially details. There should be a few argumentative sentences or lyric sentences in the article to make the finishing point. Someone should appear, preferably a major person, either your father or your mother, or simply "me". Don't write too many words.
(2) Don't always write foreign stories about Tom and Jack, and try not to write science fiction essays.
(3) There must be no such statement in the narrative-"Recently, I read such a story in The Reader, which is very touching, and the story is like this". It is tantamount to admitting that you are quoting other people's works. So the protagonist should try to be "I".
You can write new stories, but don't make them up, and don't spoil the four disciples of Tang Priest easily. Never make up a new story for fun or fun. In fact, it is very difficult to write a new story. First of all, you should be familiar with the story. Secondly, you should explore the complexity of the characters from the "heart". In a word, we should not only be satisfied with the bizarre plot, but also analyze the complicated inner world of the characters in the story.
(2) Argumentative essay (most teachers suggest writing less, please refer to this part if you want to write)
● Specification requirements:
You should clearly throw out your opinions in the first or second paragraph!
(2) No descriptive language is allowed in the examples, and an example cannot exceed 250 words.
(3) You can't start from the beginning of the article, one example after another.
4 raise as many topics as possible, write two paragraphs and click on the topic and your opinion.
⑤ Try to connect with reality. If you don't know some vivid examples yet, you can talk about them in general terms, such as the living conditions and moral conditions of modern people.
Key points of upgrading argumentative examination room:
●( 1) Think of a few argumentative words related to the topic on the draft paper. The structure can be similar, preferably progressive, and then use them as arguments. In this way, the structure of the article is clear, which can avoid the whole article being examples without discussion.
●(2) After giving examples, counter-examples or counter-examples are set to increase the content of discussion.
●(3) Try to combine points and surfaces when giving examples.
4. High score skills:
(1) full of passion from beginning to end. (2) The article is rich in content and philosophical.
(3) Pay attention to narrative skills. (4) Language humor.
(5) ingenious arrangement in structure. (6) Delicate description. A detailed description of actions, manners, etc. )
(7) A little picky. (8) a little culture.
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