Poets in Qing Dynasty borrowed from the previous generation to develop classical poetry, but the fear of "literary inquisition" limited the achievements of Qing Dynasty poetry. There are many schools and styles of poetry in Qing Dynasty. Their achievements surpassed Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was enough to open up modern times and become the stamina of China's classical poetry.
The mainstream of Lv Liuliang's portrait poems in the early Qing Dynasty is "the poems of adherents". These poets mainly include Yan, Fu Shan, Huang Zongxi, Du Rong, Qian Chengzhi, Wang Fuzhi, Gu,. Among them, Gu's poems are solid and vigorous; Wang Fuzhi's poems are mysterious and elegant, and their sustenance is also deep. Qian, Wu and Gong Dingzi are three famous poets in the name of being an official, and they are also called "three outstanding poets in Jiang Zuo".
Kang Yong has two poets in two generations, namely and. But the first-rate poet at that time should be Wang Shizhen, who advocated "verve" and influenced the poetry world for decades. Zhu Yizun is neck and neck with Wang Shizhen.
When Gan Long was a poet, Li E was the best. He wrote the Chronicle of Song Poetry with the title of Zhejiang School Leader. At that time, Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi were poets who could open up a new pattern. Jiang Shiquan and Jiang Shiquan are also called "three outstanding people" and advocate writing their own "spirit". Poets after Qianlong should recommend Zhang Wentao, who is also a "spiritual" poet. Shu Wei, Sun Yuanxiang and Wang Tan are considered as another poet after the three great poets.
2. Prose in Qing Dynasty
Prose in Qing dynasty, including ancient prose and parallel prose, has many writers, many excellent works and distinct schools, which occupies an important position in the history of ancient prose.
Prose in Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into three stages: at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, prose mainly expressed the spirit of short articles, and then it began to change with money as the representative, and prose masters such as Huang Zongxi, Gu, Wang Fuzhi, Wei and Wang Wan emerged; In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Tongcheng School achieved the highest achievement, with Fang Bao, Liu Daxie and Yao Nai as its representatives. At this time, Zhang Xuecheng and Yuan Mei had different styles. Later, Ji Jing and Zhang Xiang inherited the Tongcheng School and founded the Yanghu School. Famous prose writers in the later period include Zhu Qi, Wu, Zeng Guofan and others. On the eve of the Opium War, enlightenment thinkers represented by Gong Zizhen and Wei Yuan appeared.
Parallel prose prevailed in the Qing Dynasty, surpassing that in the Ming Dynasty, and was dominated by "square style". Chen Weisong is the most famous writer, and his writing is magnificent, which has played a role in opening the atmosphere. Later, Hu Piyou, Shao, Yuan Mei and Wu Xiqi became famous.
3. Novels of Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was a period when China's classical novels flourished and declined, and changed to modern novels and modern novels. Among them, A Dream of Red Mansions is the highest representative.
Zhang Hui's novels in the early Qing Dynasty were the most famous, such as Outlaws of the Marsh, Yuezhuan by Qian Cai and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio by Pu Songling. During the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods, novels shined brilliantly, and two masterpieces, Wu's Scholars and Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions, appeared. Classical Chinese note novels include Ji Yun's Notes on Yuewei Caotang and Yuan Mei's New Qi Xie.
A Dream of Red Mansions is a romantic novel with love and marriage as its theme, but its artistic and ideological achievements are outstanding among classical novels. Author Cao Xueqin, whose real name is Zhan, is his real name. Cao Xueqin's life has experienced the rise and fall of his family, and the sharp change of his family situation has become the source of his writing. The novel * * *120th chapter, and the last 40 chapters are said to be supplemented by Gao E.
After Qianlong's reign, Zhang Hui's most famous novel is Li Ruzhen's "Flowers in the Mirror".
4. Qing Dynasty operas
Drama in Qing Dynasty includes legends and zaju. The operas in the early Qing Dynasty, such as Wu's "Moling Spring" and Li Yu's "Niutoushan", expressed their hatred for the decline of the country. Li Yu and others' Zhong Qing Pu and Zhu Bian's Fifteen Passes are also desirable in content and form. Then there are two masterpieces, The Palace of Eternal Life by Hong Qiang and Peach Blossom Fan by Kong. After Qianlong, traditional Chinese opera went to a low ebb. After the Palace of Eternal Life and Peach Blossom Fan, legends gradually tend to promote feudal ethics in content, and excellent works are rare. Instead, it is a variety of local operas with new vitality. Storytelling, drumming, playing lyrics, etc. A wide variety, active in urban and rural areas, showing folk color and vitality.