"Mu and Xiang came to the world, and Kang and Ling came to the throne. Mr. Kang, I have come out of my own house, and I want to invade my palace, overthrow my country, and slay my candid thieves, who have come to shake up my borders. I think there is a battle at Linghu. Kang is still unfaithful. He enters the meander of the river, cuts down my Suchuan River, captures my royal officials, and guards my horses. I think there is a battle at the meander of the river. The east road is blocked, which is why Kang Gong is dead. I'm fine. Explanation: Duke Mu and Duke Xiang passed away, and Duke Kang and Duke Lin came to the throne. Duke Kang was the nephew of our late king Xian Gong, but he wanted to harm our family and subvert our country, so he brought Prince Yong back to fight for the throne. Disturbing our borders, we have the Battle of Linghu. Duke Kang still refused to repent, and invaded our Hequ, attacked our Suchuan, captured my royal people, and took away our horses, so we have our war. The reason why we are unable to communicate with your country in the east is because Kanggong broke off friendly relations with us. The name of the poem: "Lü Xiang Jue Qin". The era he lived in: Pre-Qin Dynasty. Birthplace: Junzhuang, the capital of the State of Lu (today's Feicheng, Shandong Province). Main works: "The Controversy of Cao GUI", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army", "Zheng Beike Duan Yu Yan/Anyone who does unrighteousness will be killed", "Zhou Zheng's Confrontation", "Shi_Admonishment". "Chong Zhouxu" and so on. Main achievements: Author of the chronicle style "Zuo Zhuan" and China's first national style history book "Guoyu".
We provide you with the following aspects. Detailed introduction of "Battle of Linghu":
1. The full text of "Lü Xiang Jue Qin" Click here to view the details of "Lü Xiang Jue Qin"
Xia On Wuwu in the fourth month, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to fight against the Qin Dynasty,
saying: "In the past, I was caught by Duke Xian and Duke Mu, who were friends with each other.
We worked together as one and pledged an alliance to them.
< p>The most important thing is to marry in vain. It is a disaster for the Jin Kingdom.Wen Gong is like Qi, Hui Gong is like Qin.
Without salary, Xian Gong is alive.
Mugong did not forget his old virtues, so that I could benefit the public and enshrine him in Jin.
He cannot become a great scholar, but becomes Han's teacher.
I also regret that I have lost my heart and used to gather my Wen Gong.
This is Mu Zhicheng. "Wen Gong bowed his armor,
walked across the mountains and rivers, overcame the dangers,
conquered the princes in the east, and conquered the princes of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou,
and went to the lords Qin also repaid the old virtues.
The people of Zheng were angry with the king. I, Duke Wen, commanded the princes and Qin to besiege Zheng. And Zheng Meng.
If the princes are sick, it will be fatal to Qin.
Wen Gong is afraid, and the princes of Sui are calm.
The Qin army will not be harmed. I have made great achievements in the west.
"Without salary, Duke Wen is here;
Mu is not willing to show mercy and scorns my king to death.
I am the widowed Duke of Xiang. Take advantage of my land, treacherously kill me, cut me down to protect the city.
Destroy my Fei Hua, separate my brothers,
disrupt my alliance, and overthrow my country.
I, Duke Xiang, have not forgotten your old merits, but are afraid of the downfall of the country.
That is why I have a confused teacher. I am still willing to forgive my sins to Duke Mu.
Gong Mu didn’t listen and immediately plotted against me.
Heaven tempted him, and King Cheng died.
Gong Mu therefore could not succeed in his ambition towards me. "When Mu and Xiang came to the world,
Kang and Ling came to the throne. Mr. Kang,
I came out of the house and wanted to block my palace,
overturned In my country, I am a handsome thief.
Since then, I have shaken my border. Therefore, I have the battle of Linghu.
Kang is still unfailing and enters the meander of my river.
Crush my Suchuan River, capture my royal officials,
Hand my horses, and I will fight in the meander of the river.
If the east road is blocked, then Kang Gong will defeat me. That's good.
"As for your heirs, I, Lord Jinggong, led me to the west and said,
'Come on, care for me! 'You are not willing to make an alliance.
It is difficult for me to help you. If you enter our He County, you will burn my Ji and Gao and destroy my farm work.
< p>The Qianliu and my side hang down, so I have a gathering of auxiliary clans.You also regret that the misfortune has been delayed, and you want to enjoy the blessings of Xian and Mu, the ancestors.
Send Bocha to command me, Duke Jing, and say: 'I and women like to like and abandon evil.
Restore the old virtues to commemorate the past achievements.
' Before the oath was fulfilled, Jinggong came to this world.
That's why I, the widow, have a meeting with Linghu. It is unlucky for you to break your oath.
Bai Di and you are in the same state.
You are your enemy, but I am not married.
The king came and gave the order: "My daughter and I will fight against Di."
'I don't dare to care about my marriage. Afraid of the king's power,
he accepted orders from officials. You have a second thought for Di,
said: "The general of Jin will attack the daughter."
'Di Yingqi hated it because he wanted to sue me.
The people of Chu, who are evil kings, but also have two or three virtues, came to me and said:
'Qin betrayed Linghu's alliance and came to seek alliance with me:
"I told the God of Haotian, the Three Dukes of Qin, and the Three Kings of Chu: 'Although I go in and out with Jin,
I only regard profit.'" If you don't hate it, you will not achieve virtue.
It is used to declare it, but not to punish it.
'When the princes heard this, they were heartbroken and distraught. I am so handsome that I only obey orders.
The only thing I want is what is good.
If the king favors the princes,
feels sorry for me, and gives him an alliance,
it will be my wish, and he will accept the peace of the princes and retreat.
How dare you flatter me? chaos? If the king does not show great favor,
I will not be a sycophant, and I will not be able to retreat as a prince.
Dare to wipe out all the deacons, so that the deacons can profit from it.
2. Notes
Marquis of Jin: Duke Li of Jin. Lu Xiang, a senior official of the Jin State, was the son of Wei Qixianyi. Because he lived in Lu, he was also called Lu Xiang. Absolutely; break up with each other.
Strength: combined force, combined force.
Shen: Declaration.
Heavy: aggravate, deepen.
Himmarriage: marriage. Qin and Jin have a marriage relationship.
Heavenly disaster: A disaster from heaven, referring to the Liji Rebellion.
Wulu: There is no fortune. This refers to misfortune. Immediately; passed away.
Bi: to make.
Use: because. To offer sacrifices; to host sacrifices. This refers to being appointed as the king.
Han Zhishi: The war in Han refers to the battle between Qin, Jin and Han Yuan.
Jue: Qi, refers to Duke Mu of Qin.
Used: therefore.
Collect: complete.
Bow: in person.
擐: Put it on.
Ba Lu: Trek.
Yin: Descendants. Most of the kings of the eastern vassal states were descendants of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou.
Old virtues: favors from the past.
Anger: refers to violation. frontier.
Inquiry: refers to discussion.
Unauthorized alliance with the Zheng people: Entering into an alliance with the Zheng people without authorization.
Disease: hatred, hatred. Fatal to Qin; fight to the death with Qin.
Suijing: stability, comfort.
Dazao: great merit.
West: refers to the State of Qin.
Budiao: not good.
Widow: The meaning here is contempt.
Die: Same as "Yi", crossing over means infringement.
To treacherously: to cut off.
I am good: Be friendly with me.
Bao: Same as "castle", castle. to perish; to become extinct.
Fei: The capital of Hua Kingdom was near Yanshi, Henan Province today. If the fee slips, the country will slip.
Separate: break up.
Brothers: refers to brotherly countries. To disturb; to disturb.
Alliance: Allied countries, referring to Zheng and Hua.
Yuyuan: Still hope.
That is Chu: close to Chu.
Plot against me: Plot against me, the Kingdom of Jin.
Lure: turn on.
Sincerity: Heart.
Mu and Xiang: Duke Mu of Qin and Duke Xiang of Jin.
Kang and Ling: Duke Kang of Qin and Duke Ling of Jin.
My Self-Creation: Qin Kanggong was born to Mu Ji and was the nephew of Jin Wengong, so it is said to be "self-production".
Quejian: damage, weaken. Originally refers to the pests that eat crops, here it refers to Prince Yong of the Jin Dynasty.
悛: repent.
Hequ: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, located southeast of Yongji, Shanxi today.
Suchuan: the name of the water, in today’s southwest Shanxi.
Capture: plunder.
Wang Guan: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, heard in Xixi in present-day Shanxi.
Jima: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, in today’s Yongjinan, Shanxi.
East Road: Jin State is east of Qin State, so it is called "East Road".
Unreasonable: refers to the severing of relations between the two countries.
Jun: refers to Duke Huan of Qin.
Introduction: elongation. neck. Probably, maybe.
Fu: Compensation.
Calling an alliance: holding an alliance meeting.
Di Nan: refers to the war between Jin and Di people.
He County: A county near the river in Jin State.
Ji: The place name of Jin State, located in the northeast of Pu County, Shanxi Province.
Gao: The place name of the Jin State, located in the west of Qi County, Shanxi today.
Cut: cut off.
Yi: damage.
Agricultural merit: crops.
Qian Liu: killing, massacre.
Bianchui: border, border.
Fushi: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, located in the east of Dali, Shaanxi today.
Gather: gather people to fight against the enemy.
Boche: Son of Duke Huan of Qin.
The widowed monarch: refers to Duke Li of Jin Dynasty. Not good.
Baidi: a branch of the Di tribe.
And: and.
Tongzhou: Together in ancient Yongzhou. Marriage; refers to Jin Wen Gong marrying Ji Wei in Di.
Li: Refers to the envoys of the Qin State who convey orders.
It is used: therefore. Two or three virtues; three hearts and two labors, capriciousness.
Zhao: Ming.
Hao: vast.
The Three Dukes of Qin: Duke Mu, Duke Kang, and Duke *** of Qin.
The Three Kings of Chu: King Cheng, King Mu, and King Zhuang of Chu.
Incoming and outgoing: coming and going.
Profit-only view: bent on profit, only profit-seeking.
Buyi: not specific. close.
Shuai Yi obeys orders: leads the princes to listen to the king's orders.
Chengning: Stability.
Buyi: not sensitive, not talented.
Picture: Consider.
Benefit: It is beneficial to Qin.
3. Translation
On Wuwu in the fourth month of summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to Jue Qin, saying: "In the past, I caught Duke Xian and Duke Mu as good friends. They worked together as one, and renewed their oath of alliance. Because of the faint marriage, it is a disaster for the Jin Dynasty. Duke Wen is like Qi, Duke Hui is like Qin, and Duke Xian is alive.
Duke Mu will not forget his old virtues, so that I can benefit the Duke and enshrine him in Jin. He cannot become a great scholar, but becomes Han's teacher. I also regret that I have lost my heart and used to gather my Duke Wen. This is Mu Zhicheng.
On the fifth day of April in the summer, Duke Li of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to break off diplomatic relations with Qin, saying: "In the past, our ancestors, Duke Xian and Duke Mu, were friendly and worked together. They used oaths to clarify the relationship between the two countries and used marriage to deepen them. God brought disaster to the Jin State, and Duke Wen fled to the State of Qi, while Duke Hui fled to the State of Qin. Unfortunately, Duke Xian passed away, and Duke Mu did not forget his former friendship, so that our Duke Hui could return to the State of Jin to govern. However, he fought with us in the battle of Han Yuan. Afterwards, Duke Mu felt regretful, so he allowed our Duke Wen to return to his country and become the king.
“Mr. Walking through mountains and rivers, overcoming dangers and obstacles, conquering the princes in the east, conquering the Yin of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou, and going to the Qin Dynasties, this is also the return of old virtues. The people of Zheng are angry at the king's territory, and I, Duke Wen, command the princes and Qin to besiege Zheng. The doctor of Qin does not ask about my little prince, but he is good at Zheng Meng. If the princes become ill, they will be fatal to Qin. If Duke Wen is afraid, if the feudal lords are calmed and if the Qin army is defeated, it will be harmless, then I will have great achievements in the west.
"Wen Gong personally wore helmets and armor, traveled through mountains and rivers, experienced hardships and dangers, and conquered the eastern kingdoms. The descendants of Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou all came to see the king of Qin. This has repaid Qin for its past. The people of Zheng invaded the king's borders, and our Duke Wen led the princes to surround Zheng. The officials of Qin did not consult with our king and made an alliance with Zheng without permission. The princes all hated this and wanted to make an alliance with Qin. The country fought hard. Duke Wen was worried about the damage to Qin, so he persuaded the princes, and the Qin army was able to return without being damaged. This is why we have great kindness to Qin.
"Wu Lu, Wen Gong is here, I am not afraid of you, I have scorned my king to death, I am the Duke of Xiang, you have taken possession of my land, you have raped me, you have attacked me to protect the city. Destroy my Fei Hua, separate my brothers, disrupt my alliance, and overthrow my country. I, Duke Xiang, have not forgotten your old merits, but are afraid of the downfall of the country, so I have a confused teacher. I still want to forgive my sins to Duke Mu, but Duke Mu doesn't listen, and he immediately plots against me. Heaven tempted me, and King Cheng died. Therefore, Duke Mu could not succeed in pursuing my ambition.
"Unfortunately, Duke Wen has passed away. Duke Mu has ill-intentioned contempt for our deceased monarch, despised our Duke Xiang, invaded our territory, cut off friendship with China, attacked our castle, and exterminated our Hua Kingdom. We, Duke Xian, have not forgotten the past merits of Lord Qin, but are afraid of the destruction of our country, so we hope that Duke Mu will forgive our sins. , Duke Mu did not agree, but instead approached the state of Chu to plot against us. God was wise, and King Chu Cheng died, so Duke Mu did not succeed in his plan to invade China.
"Mu and Xiang were alive, and Kang was killed. , Ling ascends the throne. Mr. Kang, I have come out of my own country, but I also want to invade my palace, overthrow my country, and conquer my candid thieves, so that I can shake up my borders. Therefore, I have the battle of Linghu. Kang was still unfazed. He entered the meander of the river, cut down my Suchuan River, captured my royal officials, and restrained my horses. This is how I fought in the meander of the river. If the east road is blocked, it is good for Duke Kang to rule me out.
Gong Mu and Duke Xiang passed away, and Duke Kang and Duke Lin came to the throne. Duke Kang was the nephew of our late emperor Xian Gong, but he wanted to harm our official house and subvert our country. He led his son Yong back to fight for the throne and let him disturb our borders, so we had the Battle of Linghu. Duke Kang still refused to repent, and invaded our Meander, attacked our Suchuan, captured our royal people, and took away our horses, so we had the Battle of He meander. The reason why the communication with your country in the east is blocked is precisely because Kanggong has severed friendly relations with us.
"As your heir, I, Lord Jinggong, led me to the west and said, 'Concubine, caress me!' You are not favoring me as an ally, and it is difficult for me to benefit from it. If you enter my river county, you will burn my dustpan." , Gao, I have done great work in farming, and I am loyal to Liu, so I have the support of the family. You also regret that the misfortune has been delayed, and you want to benefit from the blessings of your ancestors. Said: "I and women like to give up evil and return to the old virtues in memory of the past." Before the oath was fulfilled, Duke Jing came to this world, so it was unlucky for me to meet Linghu, and he broke the oath. Bai Di and you are in the same state, and you are jealous of me, so you come and give me the order: "I and my daughter are going to fight against Di." I don't dare to care about my marriage, so I accept the order from the officials. The king has a second thought against Di, saying: "The Jin general will attack the girl." Di responded and complained, so he used it to sue me. , came to seek alliance with me: "I told the God of Haotian, the Three Dukes of Qin, and the Three Kings of Chu: 'Although I go in and out with Jin, I only see it as beneficial. '"If you don't hate him for his lack of virtue, you should declare it and punish him." The princes are ready to hear this, and they are heartbroken and heartbroken, so they can help me. I am a commander who obeys orders and only asks for the best. If you favor the princes, If you feel sorry for me and give you an alliance, it is your wish. If you accept the peace of the princes and retreat, how can you dare to cause rebellion? To make a profit."
"After the king came to the throne, our Duke Jing stretched his neck and looked to the west and said, "I'm afraid you should take care of us!" But the king still refused to be lenient and formed an alliance with China, and took advantage of us. When the Di people were in trouble, they invaded our counties near the river, burned our Qi and Gao areas, looted and destroyed our crops, and massacred our border residents. This is why we had the war between the two countries. The war spread, so I wanted to pray for the blessings of my ancestors Xian Gong and Mu Gong, so I sent Bo Che to order us Jin Gong to say: "We and you are friendly to each other, abandon our resentment, and restore the past friendship to commemorate the achievements of our ancestors."
’ Before the oath was completed, Jinggong passed away, so our monarch had Linghu’s alliance. The king had bad intentions again and broke his oath. Bai Di and Qin are both in Yongzhou. They are enemies of the king, but they are our in-laws. The king gave us an order: ‘We will fight with you against the Di people. ’ Our king did not dare to care about the good marriage, and was afraid of the majesty of the king, so he accepted the order of the king’s envoys to attack the Di people. But the king expressed friendship to the Di people and said to the Di people: "The Jin Kingdom will attack you." ’ On the surface, the Di people agreed to your request, but in their hearts they hated what you did, so they told us. The people of Chu also hated the king's capriciousness and came to tell us: "Qin has betrayed Linghu's alliance and came to ask us for an alliance." They swore to the Emperor of Heaven, the three ancestors of Qin, and the three ancestors of Chu: 'Although we have dealings with Jin, we only care about interests. ’ I hate their capriciousness in making these things public in order to punish those who have half-hearted intentions. ’ When all the princes heard these words, they felt sad and came to get close to me. Now I lead the princes here to obey orders, purely to ask for a good alliance. If the king is willing to be kind and considerate of the princes, take pity on me, and grant us an oath of alliance, this is my wish. I will appease the princes and retreat. How can I dare to ask for trouble? If the king does not show great kindness and virtue, and there are few people with no talents, I am afraid that he will not be able to lead the princes to retreat. Please make clear arrangements to your left and right deacons and let them weigh how to benefit Qin. "
IV. Zuo Qiuming's other poems
"Cao GUI's Debate", "Jian Shu Cries for the Master", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master", "Zheng Bo Duan Yu Yan/Duo Xing Bu" "Righteousness will lead to death", "Zhou Zheng's Confrontation" 5. Appreciation
In 580 BC, Jin and Qin met at Linghu (now Linyi, Shanxi) to make peace. When they arrived at Linghu, Qin Bo refused to cross the Yellow River and stayed in the royal city. He sent Shi Ke to form an alliance with the marquis of Jin in Hedong; What are the benefits? The oath of fasting is the reason why it is proved trustworthy. The location of the meeting is the beginning of getting the letter. If you don't comply from the beginning, can you guarantee the credit code? "As a result, Uncle Qin broke the peace treaty with Jin when he returned home.
In 578 BC, on the fifth day of April in the summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu (i.e. Prime Minister of Wei, son of Wei_ ) to sever diplomatic relations with Qin, that is, there is this statement "Lü Xiang Jue Qin" (--I personally think it was because Qin and Jin had already formed an alliance, but Qin induced Bai Di and Chu to attack Jin. With this Lu Xiangjue Qin)
Qin Huangong had formed an alliance with Jin Ligong, but he also summoned the people of Di and Chu to lead them to attack Jin. Therefore, the princes joined Jin. Harmony. The Jin official Luan Shu is the commander-in-chief of the central army, Xun Geng is his assistant, Shi Xie is the commander of the upper army, and __ is the assistant; Han Jue is the commander of the lower army, and Xun _ is the assistant (that is, the Zhi_ in "The Return of Chu to Jin" , Xun_, also called Zhi_ because he was granted the title of Zhi); Zhao Zhan commanded the new army, with_Zhi as his assistant;_Yi drove (Luan Shu)'s chariot, and Luan Zhen served as the right guard. Meng Xianzi, the doctor of Lu, said: "Jin. If the country's generals and chariot warriors cooperate with each other, the army will surely achieve great success. ”
On May Dinghai (the fourth day of the lunar month), the Jin army led the troops of the princes to fight the Qin army in Ma Tun (in the north of Jingyang County, Shaanxi today). The Qin army failed and captured Qin’s Cheng Cha. The father-in-law of (Qin General) and Bu Geng (fourth rank) died in the army. The Jin army then crossed Jingshui and returned after arriving at Xinchu (in today's Liquan County, Shaanxi Province). Dali County, Shaanxi Province) welcomes the Marquis of Jin
Poems of the same dynasty
"Song of Caiwei", "The First Month of the Spring King", "Song People and Chu People Ping", "Wu Zi envoy Zha came to hire", "Yu Shi Jin Shi destroyed Xia Yang", "Zheng Beke Duan Yu Yan", "Zeng Shen cooked pigs", "Zhi Zi suspected his neighbor", "Shi Kuang collided with Jin Ping Gong", "Indiscriminate Yu was used as a number".
Click here to view more detailed information about Lu Xiang Jue Qin