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For individuals, the publication of research results is of course important, but what is more important is their ideological gains in the process of studying Du Fu's poems and Du Fu. This is the influence of Du Fu's spirit on me. The poet's concern and love for the country and the people, his ambition to actively use the world, and my position in the world have exerted a subtle influence. If I can do some useful work for the unit and society outside of teaching and scientific research in these years, and take up a lot of time and affect my favorite academic work, I can still have no regrets. An important factor is the strength given to me by Du Fu's poetic spirit. An upright and kind person must be a person who pursues justice; A person who loves life must be a person who can pay; An honest person in life is bound to be full of honesty in his studies. Although I can't reach these supreme realms of life, I can say that I have been longing for them.
For his own pursuit, Du Fu never kitsch, but he also lamented that "a hundred years of songs are bitter, and there is no confidant" and "an independent and boundless poem". As a great poet in the history of China literature, such a sigh expresses a kind of persistence, and also reveals a kind of sadness ―― sadness that people don't understand. Today's academic work also needs an unknown mental preparation. I dare not say that I am a lonely person, but I am very familiar with and understand Du Fu's poems. Fortunately, in today's China, many people study Du Like Fu with great enthusiasm, which Du Fu did not expect. I am engaged in the study of Du Fu with a normal heart, so I quote this poem of Du Fu as the title of this essay to encourage myself.
The publication of this book has been supported by the school's key discipline fund and doctoral program fund, which should be specially explained and thanked. In recent years, the school's support for scientific research has increased, which is an important reason why academic works can be published smoothly. This also objectively ensures that scholars can maintain a peaceful mind in the process of academic research and conduct meaningful research and writing without interference. To this end, I deeply feel that serious reading, research and writing and happiness will return to the research of scholars who love academics.
Du Fu's Water School Poems 1, Du Fu's Poems in the Eastern Han Dynasty
Du Shi (? -38 years), the word, was born in Jixian County, Hanoi, an official and inventor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When I was young, I was brilliant and famous for my fairness.
[Edit this paragraph] Biography
Du was born in Jixian County, Henan Province (now Weihui). When Emperor Guangwu was Emperor Guangwu, he served as a counselor. In the seventh year of Jianwu (AD 3 1 year), when he was the magistrate of Nanyang, he created a water drain (hydraulic blower). The leather blower bag was continuously opened and closed by hydraulic driving machinery, and the air was sent to the iron smelting furnace to cast farm tools, which was labor-saving and multi-effective. He also presided over the cultivation of vicious ponds and the wide opening of farmland ponds, which made the county rich. Known as "Du Mu". Nanyang people praised: "There was Du Mu before calling the father (called the letter minister)".
[Edit this paragraph] Resume
Du Shi was outstanding when he was young. When he was an official in Hanoi County (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan Province), people praised him for being fair. In the early years of Emperor Guangwu, he served as a counselor. At that time, General Xiaoguang indulged his soldiers and did bad things among Luoyang people, which made people feel uneasy. Du Shi told Xiaoguang to control his people, but Xiaoguang ignored them. Du Shi ordered Xiaoguang to be punished according to law and reported the situation, which was praised. Seeing that he was capable, Emperor Guangwu sent him to Hedong County (now northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) to punish Yang Yi and others who surrendered to the Han Dynasty and rebelled. Du Shi went to Dayang (now southwest of Pinglu, Shanxi Province, belonging to Hedong County), and heard that Yang Yi led his men to attempt to cross the north, and immediately sent people to try to burn their ferry; Another person was sent to subdue the local troops in Hedong County and made a surprise attack, finally annihilating Yang Yi and others. Du Shi moved to Gao Cheng (now Shuizhen, Xingyang, Henan Province) and worked for 3 years, making great achievements in Pei Ran. Then moved to Pei Jun (now northwest of Suixi County, Anhui Province), and transferred to Runan (now north of Pingyu County, Henan Province), "where is governance". In the seventh year of Jianwu (AD 3 1), Du moved to Nanyang Prefecture. He worked in Nanyang County for 7 years, and was a "political calm, violent and arrogant, good at saving the country" and a "great politician". During this period, he also did two meaningful things in the history of science and technology: one was to build water conservancy; The first is to do water drainage. Jianwu died of illness in fourteen years, leaving him "poor and landless, with no fixed place to live" and was finally buried by the court.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the irrigation in the Yangtze River basin was most remarkable in Tangbai River, a tributary of Hanshui River, which was developed in Nanyang, Dengxian, Tanghe, Xinye and other places in Henan Province. Tangbaihe area is an eroded alluvial plain with an annual rainfall of about 900 mm and a mild climate, which is suitable for crop growth. It was developed earlier here, and by the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, the economy was quite developed. Farmland water conservancy has made great progress in the late Western Han Dynasty. During the period (48-33 BC), Nanyang Taishou Zhao made a special contribution to local water conservancy and agricultural production, so he was well received by local people and was called "Zhao Fu". During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nanyang water conservancy flourished further, and Du Fu's poems also made great achievements in this respect, which promoted the development of local agricultural production. In history, Du Fu wrote a poem, "Plough the pond, expand the soil, and the county is richer than the room".
The so-called "water drain" is a kind of appliance that uses water to push the impeller to blow air, which is used in metallurgy. The early invention of pig iron is China's outstanding contribution to the world metallurgical technology. In order to obtain liquid pig iron, a higher furnace temperature is needed. Where there is wind, there is iron. Blasting technology is of great significance to the development of pig iron smelting and casting. "Book of Rites" said: "A son who is good at metallurgy must learn to be autumn." Since the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, people began to blow with skins, and young craftsmen must learn the skills of sewing skins. This shows that early metallurgists attached great importance to the manufacture of blast equipment. The blast device has developed from human-driven (human platoon) to animal-driven and hydraulic-driven (horse platoon and water platoon), which is a great innovation of iron smelting technology in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Due to the advocacy of Du Fu's poems, drainage was widely used in Nanyang at the latest in the first half of/kloc-0 century. "The Biography of Du Shi in the Later Han Dynasty" said that Du Shi's poems were "made into rafts and cast into agricultural tools, and the people must do it with less effort." The effect of water platoon is not only better than that of human platoon, but also much higher than that of horse platoon. "The History of the Three Kingdoms in Wei Zhi" wrote: "In ancient times, rafts were made by smelting, and each cooked stone used 100 horse. It is crowded and laborious. At the same time, it is three times as good as before. " In view of Du's merits, Nanyang people compared him to a letter minister, saying, "Father before, mother after." In the book of Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhennong described the shape of the longitudinal and transverse raft in detail, and drew pictures.
[Edit this paragraph] Note
[1] (Liu Song), (Tang) et al. Note: Biography of Du Shi in the Later Han Dynasty, Zhonghua Book Company, 1965.
[2] "China Water Conservancy History Draft" Writing Group: China Water Conservancy History Draft Volume I, Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press,
1979。 [3] Hua Juemin et al. ed. History of World Metallurgical Development, Science and Technology Literature Publishing House, 1985.
2. Poems of Du Fu in Ming Dynasty
Du Shi, (Dujia South Street, Binzhou, the eighth generation of three cases and two branches) word: Yixing; Number: Youbai. 1594 (Wu jiake, 22nd year of Wanli, Ming dynasty) was a juren, 1598 (wuxu branch, 22nd year of Wanli) was a Jinshi, who was in charge of granary affairs for the first time in Beijing, and was promoted to Fu Xuan (now Xuanhua, Hebei) grain depot with the first place in the senior high school entrance examination. He cleaned up the accounts carefully.
1607, when he was an official in Shanggu, his mother died, and he walked home with a coffin. During the mourning at home, he compiled Du's first genealogy. After three years of guarding the tomb, he was appointed as the armory doctor of the Ministry of War.
16 13 years, the social security in Longdong area deteriorated sharply. Du was appointed to participate in politics and was responsible for rectifying Dao Lang (now Zhuanglang area in Gansu). He abolished the old law of atonement for cattle and horses, dredged the blocked canal and attracted tens of thousands of Qiang people around him. It happened that Qiang people committed murder. He said: "If you don't stand up, you will be scattered. If you don't stand up, you will be defeated. " It has played a great deterrent role. When he was promoted to Shanxi provincial judge, the local people saw him off spontaneously. Soon he was transferred to Huguang Post Road, where he was brave enough to take responsibility, cut down redundant staff, rectify those who pocketed their own money, and use the horses and chariots in the post station for the right way.
Because of Guizhou; Sichuan; There were many accidents on the border of Hunan, and the court appointed Du Fu as governor of Chenzhou and political envoy. In Changde and other places, he took pains to personally inspect various places, sent a harboring criminal named Tuesday to the local political and legal organs, and sent hundreds of plundered good women home. During the famine that year, Du visited the list of large local families, visited several places, advised them to give relief, and ordered the people not to hide food, so that the people could spend the famine year safely. Sometimes there are folk songs of "Changde consumption, poetry tour, Changde style, Lai Dugong".
When eunuch Wei Zhongxian usurped power, most local governors signed a letter to build a shrine for him. The governor of Jiangxi also discussed with Du's family to build a shrine. Du always disagreed, and the cabinet recommended him as the governor of Zhejiang. Finally, in the winter of 1627, he was dismissed for offending Wei Zhongxian. Du just left office, and the governor of Jiangxi wrote to the court to build a shrine for Wei Zhongxian. Coincidentally, Emperor Apocalypse died and Emperor Chongzhen died. The patrolman was also found guilty. At that time, Du abdicated and returned to his hometown in Binzhou, passing by Wuding House. He is going to pay homage to Yuan Huazhong, one of the "six gentlemen" persecuted to death by Wei Zhongxian. Many people dissuaded him and said, "How can the family of an old friend not mourn?" It is inevitable to offend Wei Zhongxian! "
1628 was appointed as the former ambassador of the rank of Hu Guang, and went to the court to see Emperor Chongzhen. He responded properly and was well received by public opinion. When he was in charge of the finance and taxation of Huguang, he was honest and paid over 470,000 yuan in savings, which was also moved by Emperor Chongzhen. Both inside and outside the court called him honest. He went back to his hometown around 1640, about 168.