Quan's thought of learning from others is rich in connotation and can be regarded as an academic summary of his life. He is particularly opposed to blindly learning from others, following others' footsteps, or sticking to one family and being confined to Cheng Theory, thus losing the character of independent thinking and the space for academic innovation. He praised Wu Cheng's academic achievements in the Yuan Dynasty, including Zhu, Zhang Zai, Lu Jiuyuan, etc. He did not stick to one school in his academic research, but "was complacent and did not follow the sound" (The Biography of the North of the City). In his view, self-satisfied learning should learn from the strengths of a hundred schools of thought, and then gain his true knowledge through careful consideration and mastery. All Wang Zu spoke highly of Huang Runyu's academic achievements in the Ming Dynasty, and compared it with Chen Xianzhang, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi once commented on Chen Xianzhang's academic "complacency" (Confucianism case in Ming Dynasty: Teacher's Theory). On the whole, Huang Runyu's scholarship is also "to do what he wants, to live up to his words" (Preface to Mr. Huang Nanshan's Letter). Huang Runyu "is the wing of Zhu Xuezhi, so it is not suitable" (External Compilation of Hengshan Academy in Hengxi). Quan also praised that although the academic study of history was based on Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, it could "explore its views, pass on disciplines, make sentences, or discuss the right and wrong, but not take it for granted" (Records of the Academy, a foreign editor). It can be seen that the pursuit of self-satisfaction and the integration of a hundred schools of thought is a very high realm, shining with the ideological glory of not establishing a portal and not respecting each other, which fully shows his respect and inheritance to the sages.
He distinguishes his "self-satisfied learning" from two false "self-satisfied learning" and criticizes it. First, get rid of the "complacency" of true knowledge. He pointed out: "there is a cloud in the words of dedication:' learning is expensive and self-satisfied, and your heart is clear.' This is an introduction to it. He also said, "You get it through careful thinking and keep it through serious work." This is its best effort. Tang Huai's disciples used to keep saying that they had a little knowledge after all, that is, they thought Tao was right, but they went empty and became crazy Zen. "("Outside the City, South of the City Academy ") This kind of" complacency "of" seeing a little, that is, thinking that the Tao is right "is essentially illusory and is completely dismissed as a wandering talk of rootless learning. He quoted Wang in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, profoundly exposing the essence and harm of this kind of "complacency", pointing out that "Mencius' so-called complacency means that he wants to pursue further studies naturally, and there is no disease of being inquisitive. Unless he says that he has lost Confucianism, he must have an independent view. The world has misunderstood the meaning of complacency, and many novel theories have appeared, which are harmful to people ("Song and Yuan Learning Cases, Beishan Four Learning Cases"). Second, treat other people's opinions as "self-satisfaction". There were hundreds of Shu Wei in Kunshan in the Song Dynasty, and he compiled 160 volumes of The Book of Rites. This book is widely collected, but the author said nothing about it. In this regard, Shu Wei himself admitted: "Others write books because they are afraid that the books are not from themselves. I'm afraid it's not from someone. Wang Zu praised this honest attitude, saying that it was "true! "! Tyrannosaurus rex, the dog in the world, sacrificed to write books, and he was proud of it, or he could be a husband if he stuck to his ambition. "("Wei Oak Zhai Li Ji ") sounded the alarm for those shameless people who take the beauty of plunder as" enjoying themselves ".
In view of the above two kinds of accumulated disadvantages, all put forward the idea of "practicing" He believes that since there is a saying of "jumping the air", we should "observe his actions but not his words" (Yang Gong Xue Shu, external edition), emphasizing that we should not observe his studies only by his words, but should examine his theories in practice. Self-satisfied learning must be tested by practice. "If it has not been tested by practice, there is no need to judge whether it has actually been achieved" (Shibo Academy Book). Through practice, the complacency of crazy Zen will be broken. This spirit runs through the academic practice of the whole life. The case of Song and Yuan studies compiled and supplemented by him for Huang Zongxi is a model for carrying out his academic purpose. The sequel to the Song and Yuan learning cases mainly includes three aspects: First, it is supplemented in content. There are 9/kloc-0 cases of Song and Yuan Dynasties, of which 32 cases are all added, with a total of 33 volumes, accounting for about one-third of the volume of the book. After his supplement, the mainstream and tributaries of the Song and Yuan Dynasties were fully reflected, and the development of academic thought was more comprehensive. The second is to revise, revise and supplement Huang Zongxi's original text, and make textual research on the mistakes in it. Huang Zongxi's mistakes were not concealed at all, and the shortcomings in the original book were clearly pointed out. He did not hold any opinions in all the study plans, objectively described the academic advantages and disadvantages of various schools, and achieved the goal of integrating hundreds of schools. The third is to improve the style of learning plans. It is a pioneering work to apply the "history table" to the genre of learning plans and establish the "learning plan table" in each learning plan for the first time to reveal the academic origin; At the same time, update the preface, write carefully, summarize and evaluate the academic schools. In his attitude towards various schools, he is more open-minded than Huang Zongxi, and his opinions are often broader and more inclusive than Huang Zongxi. The case study of Song and Yuan Dynasties, which followed the whole process, not only became a symbol of the maturity of China's academic history works, but also embodied the academic spirit of integrating various schools of thought and paying attention to originality, and was highly praised by scholars. In addition, the academic practice of Shuijing Annotation and Shuixue Annotation in No.7 School is also the best annotation to his complacency in learning and the integration of a hundred schools of thought. Because of this, Quan played a vital role in the transformation of academic atmosphere in Qing Dynasty, and his ideological understanding and academic proposition are also a useful reference and inspiration for today's scholars.
He wrote many biographical articles. Inscriptions such as Zhong Gong's Second Inscription, Mr. Erqu's Inscription, Mr. Shendao Table, Mr. Li Zhou's Tombstone Essay, Tombstone Inscription of Former Assistant Minister of Tongcheng, and Li Tomb Inscription are important articles describing important figures and academic literature and art in Qing Dynasty. Biographies such as Biography of Zhuang Taichang, On Chen Tongfu, Biographies of Ming Di, Prefaces such as Puyang River, Bamboo Slips such as Preface of Mr. Li Zhou Thinking of the Old, Answering the Bell after Heart Loss, and Preliminary Examination of Mr. Bai's Graveyard and Meihualing compiled by his disciples behind him. However, some views of Quan are also extreme. His article is informal. Some people laughed at his ignorance of ancient Chinese and inaccurate narration (Tan Xian's Diary of Tang Fu). This is actually a form of criticism that ignores the content and over-censors. Quan's poems pay more attention to evaluating characters and praising loyalty, but they are too talkative and straightforward.
The arrangement and publication of the works of Quan is another basic work of the whole research. During the Republic of China, the Commercial Press published four series of books, Qi Yingting Collection and Qi Yingting Collection. The former collected 88 books and 10 historical questions and answers. The photocopying and publication of the clear edition provided convenience for the research.
In 2000, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House published Notes of the Whole School. This book was originally written by xie guozhen. Zhu Zhuyun collected most of the works and bound them into three volumes, which is a masterpiece of all the works. Of course, omissions are inevitable in such a large collection of works. Xin Deyong's "All Notes and Ten Thousand Engravings-On Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House" (Shupin, No.5 and No.6, 2004) and Hu Wei's "Notes on proofreading" (Master's thesis of Nanjing Normal University, 2006) both criticized the mistakes of this book and corrected 6 1. The whole work consists of Huang's Selected Notes on Ying Qiting's Collected Works (Qilu Bookstore 1982), Zhan Haiyun's Notes on the Whole School (Taipei Ding Literature Institute, 2003), The Manuscripts of the Whole School (China National Library Microform Center 1996) and The Song and Yuan Learning Cases (from time to time in the Republic of China)
The most important and comprehensive textual research article on the whole writing process and its distribution is Jiang Tianshu's Textual Research on Mr. Quan Xieshan's Works (Journal of National Beiping Library, Vol. 7,No. 1933, No.2 1). This paper makes a comprehensive investigation of all the works of Quan and their spreading process. It is pointed out that there are all kinds of works, such as Staff Sergeant on the Bus, Reading Yi Bie Lu, Three Notes on Sleepy Learning, Local Tone, Continuing Teaching Old Poems, Learning Cases in Song and Yuan Dynasties, Historical Records of Han Dynasty, Notes on Seven Schools' Water Classics, Historical Questions and Answers, and The Book of Changes. Since then, Zhuan Zhu, Huang's Preface to Pavilion Collection, xie guozhen's Complete Works of Outstanding Historians in Qing Dynasty and Complete Works (Collation and Research of Ancient Books, No.5, Zhonghua Book Company, 1980, 10. Because the whole collection of Liu Ting has been stranded for many years, it has caused a case-solving. Liu Kongfu's Origin of Internal and External Books (journal of guangxi teachers education university1April 1986) holds that Dong Bingchun's collected works were compiled twice before the internal and external books were formed, and points out that xie guozhen's theory of "imitating Ming adherents and dividing internal and external books" and Huang's theory of "fear of disaster" are inappropriate.
There are seven schools of "Water Mirror Zhu". In the Complete Works of Hu Shi, there are quite a few words that discuss the five schools and seven schools of the whole Notes on Water Classics. But Hu Shi is too suspicious and his assumptions are too bold. At first, he thought the All Seventh School was false, which belittled the whole academic attitude and achievements. Later, he discovered the Fifth School in Tianjin Library, and wrote an article acknowledging the authenticity of the Seventh School, which caused some unnecessary textual research and discussion. Xie Zhongyue's article "Zhu Hu Shi Tianjin Library" has a specific comment on this ("Library Work and Research" 650 In addition to Hu Shi, Wang Guowei, Chen Qiaoyi, Wu and others also commented on the contribution of the whole school of Shui Jing Zhu.
In addition, Huang Zongxi's unfinished manuscript "A Case Study of Song and Yuan Dynasties" was also completed. From the 11th year of Qianlong, it lasted for nine years, and Huang's original book was supplemented and revised, and 32 learning plans were added. Lu's On Compilation, Style Characteristics and Historical Position (Historical Studies 1986 No.2), Chen Zuwu's Compilation and Supplement (Historical Studies of China 1994 No.4) and Lin Jiugui's On Authors and Writing Experience (Song and Yuan Dynasties) (Journal of Huanggang Normal University/ The history, compilers and lost editions of The Song and Yuan Learning Cases (Historical Research 1990 Volume 3) and The Contribution of All to the Supplement of The Song and Yuan Learning Cases (Journal of Hangzhou Normal University, June 2008,No. 1 issue) and biographies of commentaries.