Haolixing
Han Dynasty: Cao Cao
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people.
On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an.
Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out.
These two sentences led to the battle of various armies, and then the armies of various armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north.
Because of the war, soldiers have long been unable to take off their battle clothes, their armor is covered with lice, and many people have died because of years of war.
The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing.
It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive.
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All brave people in Kanto fight those cruel people.
At first, I made an appointment with various generals to form an alliance and make concerted efforts to crusade against Chang 'an Zhuo.
After the various armies that fought against Dong Zhuo joined forces, because each had its own plans, they could not work together and looked at each other, and no one would take the lead.
The word snobbery caused competition among armies, and then the armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and Yuan Shao made a puppet emperor in the north to carve the emperor's seal.
Due to the continuous war, soldiers can't take off their combat uniforms for a long time, and their armor is covered with lice. Many people have died in large numbers because of years of war.
The bones were exposed in the wild and no one was buried. Thousands of miles are deserted, and chickens crow endlessly.
It is extremely sad to think that only one out of 100 ordinary people is still alive.
To annotate ...
Kanto: East of Hanguguan (now southwest of lingbao city). Righteousness: refers to the generals of the States and counties who rose up to crusade against Dong Zhuo.
Begging for the crowd: refers to the crusade against Dong Zhuo and his followers.
Early stage: originally expected. Jin Meng: Jin Meng (now south of Meng County, Henan Province). According to legend, during Zhou Wuwang's expedition, a meeting of eight hundred governors was held here. Here, it means that the generals in Kanto should make concerted efforts with Qi Xin as they did with the eight hundred governors of King Wu.
It is the heart: its heart refers to the heart of the "righteous" mentioned above. Xianyang: The capital of Qin Dynasty, referring to Chang 'an, when Xian Di was taken hostage.
Uneven strength: refers to the eastern expedition Dong Zhuo's state and county generals have their own plans, and their forces are not concentrated. Qi: consistent.
Hesitate: to hesitate. Háng: Flying in a wild goose, describing the way the troops wait and see after setting up their positions. This sentence is upside down, and the normal word order should be "geese fly over"
Heir: Later. Also: the same as "spin", soon. Qiāng: kill each other. At that time, Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan in the allied forces were attacked and killed internally.
Huainan Sentence: Yuan Shu, Yuan Shao's half-brother, became emperor in Shouchun, Huainan (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) in 197 (the second year of Jian 'an).
Seal cutting sentence: refers to 19 1 year (the second year of Chuping), when Yuan Shaomou abolished Xian Di, he wanted to make you Zhou Mu Liu Yu emperor and carve a seal. Seal, seal and Qin refer to seals used by emperors.
Armor sentence: Due to years of war, the soldiers did not take off their combat uniforms, and lice were born on their armor. Armor, ancient protective clothing. Armor is armor. Stump, lice eggs.
Wan surname: the people. Therefore.
Primitive people: people. Legacy: The rest.
Creation background
In A.D. 189 (the sixth year of Zhong Ping in the Eastern Han Dynasty), Cao Cao led 3,000 soldiers to meet Dong Zhuo's Xu Rong in Xingyang, and suffered a heavy defeat. Soon, the allied forces that crusaded against Dong Zhuo were torn apart and killed each other because of their respective struggles for power and profit, among which Yuan Shao, Han Fu, Gongsun Zan and other departments were the main ones, and the warlord scuffle began at the end of the Han Dynasty. This poem reflects this historical event.
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This poem "Good Li Xing" can be said to be a companion of "Autumn Dew Trip". Fang's Zhao Wei in the Qing Dynasty said: "This is the topic of Yuefu, which narrates current events in the late Han Dynasty. Therefore, it is enough to lament the loss of life. " "Autumn Record" mourned the monarch, and "Hao Li" mourned the minister. It shows that this poem is not only related to Lu Luxing, but also has different emphases. Hao Li also belongs to Yue Fu's "Xiang He Ge Xiang He Qu". Cui Bao's "Notes on Ancient and Modern Times" said: "Autumn records are sent to princes and nobles, and Hao Li sends them to scholar-officials to make coffin bearers sing, which is called elegy in the world." Therefore, if "Journey to the Autumn" is mainly about the overthrow of the royal family in the Han Dynasty, then "Good" is mainly about the historical facts that warlords fought for power and profit, which led to chaos in the world.
The first ten sentences of this poem outline such a historical picture: the generals of the counties in Guandong elected Yuan Shao, the governor of the Bohai Sea, as their ally, ready to attack Dong Zhuo, who burned the palace and destroyed the temple, held Xian Di hostage and moved the capital to Chang 'an. At that time, although the armies of various counties gathered together, they looked at each other, hesitated, and even had their own plans. They even kill each other for hegemony and personal gain. If the commandment fails, it will be followed by a pen attack. The poet mercilessly exposed the fact that the Yuan Shao brothers plotted to claim the title of emperor, cast seals, help the Han Dynasty in the name of Dong Zhuo and dominate the world, and felt sad and indignant at the war caused by it. The poem describes the split process of Kanto from aggregation to dispersion in extremely concise language, which becomes a true record of history. However, the success and value of Cao Cao's poem do not stop there. Since "armour begets lice", the poet has turned his pen and ink from recording the facts of warlords' disputes to describing the disasters brought by war to the people. While exposing the warlords, he showed infinite sympathy for the people and concern and anxiety about state affairs, which made his poems go beyond ordinary notes and reflected the poet's concern for the country and the people.
After years of war, the soldiers were unable to disarm for a long time, covered with scorpions and lice, while innocent people died in large numbers because of the soldiers' weapons. There are white bones all over the mountains, and the land thousands of miles away is barren, and even the crow's voice can't be heard. This is an unbearable sight of destruction and desolation. Finally, the poet sighed: there are hundreds of people who survived the war, and it is heartbreaking to think of these painful facts. When the poet's feelings reached *, the whole poem came to an abrupt end in grief and indignation.
This poem reveals the causes of social disasters more profoundly than Lu Luxing, and more frankly shows his dissatisfaction with reality and sympathy for the people. Cao Cao himself really entered the political arena, starting with his and Yuan Shao's crusade against Dong Zhuo. So the facts written in the poem are all his own personal experiences. Compared with the things described in Lu Luxing, the poet has a more direct and emotional understanding, so the reality reflected in the poem is more real and the feelings are stronger. For example, the last two sentences are entirely the poet's sympathy for the world under the real situation that the people are in dire straits and sad everywhere. Commenting on Cao Zhi's father and son's poems, Liu Xie once said: "If you don't want to be ambitious, you can't leave your words without sorrow." (Wen Xin Diao Long Yue Fu) Zhong Rong commented on Cao Cao's poems and said: "Cao Gong is ancient and straight, and there are extremely sad sentences." (Under the Poetry) all point out the characteristics of gloomy feelings in Cao Cao's poems. Only with feelings can Cao Cao's poems have touching power to read; It is only because of his pathos that his poems are tragic and gloomy. This song "Good" is a typical example. Therefore, Chen Ruoming said: "Although Meng De's essays are not imitations of the past, they all start from writing about one's own homesickness, starting from worrying about poverty, then sympathizing with chaos, giving full play to the terrain, thinking about liberation and failure, and the number of words is only a few." (Selected Poems by Cai Jitang) It can be seen that the characteristics of expressing anxiety and expressing resentment in Cao Cao's poems have been valued by predecessors.
It is precisely because this poem records the facts at that time and is directly expressed by the poet, so the whole poem adopts a simple and clear line drawing technique, and does not intend to use words to carve and whitewash, but uses vivid and powerful language to express it, such as "Kanto has righteous people, and the soldiers compete for the best." In the early days, I will meet Jin Meng, but my heart is in Xianyang. If I understand this, I will be angry, I will describe the momentum and justice of the Kanto division at the beginning, and my love and hate will be clearly shown here. Another example is "uneven joint efforts of troops, hesitant to fly wild geese", etc., which can be described as the self-interest of allied generals. With the development of the situation, the ridicule and attacks on warlords such as Yuan Shao have gradually emerged. At first, they were called "righteous men" and pointed out that "the heart is in Xianyang", which was intended to restore the Han Dynasty. However, since "full of ambition, flying all over the sky", it has aroused the disadvantages of their uneven military heart and cowardice and fear of war. Then he wrote that he fought for power and profit, and developed into killing each other. Finally, he pointed out his ambition to be an emperor, which can be described as peeling bamboo shoots layer by layer and deepening step by step. But they are all written in straightforward language, which makes people feel that the poet can't restrain his true feelings, and the cowardly and ugly face of the warlord is on his face. As for the poet's strong feelings, they are completely blurted out from clear language. For example, when he wrote "There is no one within a thousand miles", he used a straightforward Chen Qi way. Finally, he said that "leaving hundreds of people behind, reading it will break people's intestines", which is straightforward, without any affectation, and can be regarded as the natural expression of the poet's voice.