Watching the Rain at Penglai Pavilion in Kuaiji
Qin looked at the top of the mountain and saw the chaotic clouds and heavy rain, standing upside down in the rivers and lakes. I don’t know that clouds are rain, and rain is clouds. The sky is thousands of miles long, and it is destroyed by the west wind in just a moment. Look back and listen, the moon is shining brightly, and all the orifices in the world are screaming.
Who goes west to the Ruoye River, the beautiful lady, the elk and Gusu? To this day, the people of my homeland look forward to a group of people returning home. As time goes by, I ask why I don't play the harp and the yu. If you don't see me, the king's pavilion is thanking the pavilion, and the trees are crying in the cold smoke.
Works Appreciation Editor
The title of this poem is the original work "Reminiscing about the Past in Penglai Pavilion in Kuaiji". There is also a poem of the same tune as "Autumn Wind on the Pavilion", titled "Watching the Rain in the Autumn Wind Pavilion in Kuaiji". Mr. Tang Guizhang said that there is no scene in the rain in the poem "Autumn Wind Pavilion Watching the Rain", but the first part of the poem "Penglai Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past" is about a scene in the rain, and the title of the poem "Guan Yu" and "Nostalgic for the Ancient" are reversed, which must be the wrong version. For an explanation, see "Ci Xue Lun Cong·Du Ci Su". Now I am going to revise the title accordingly.
The first part of the poem seems to be purely describing the scene, but in fact it uses the scene to express emotions. It is not simply about describing scenery for the sake of depicting scenery, but rather there is emotion in the scenery, emotion is embedded in the scenery, and the scenes blend together. The Penglai Pavilion where the poet climbed is in Shaoxing (i.e. Kuaiji), Zhejiang Province. Qinwang Mountain, also known as Kuaiji Mountain, is forty miles southeast of Kuaiji. Why is he looking at this mountain? Because this was the place where Qin Shihuang looked at the sea and worshiped Dayu during his southern tour. When you climb this pavilion and look at the mountain, you can't help but think of Qin Shihuang, who unified the six kingdoms, and Dayu, who eliminated harm for the people. This poem begins with the word "look" and describes the vast scene of clouds and rain at the top of Qinwang Mountain and the natural changes from rain to sunshine. "Inverted rivers and lakes" are used to describe the appearance of storms. The vivid image probably evolved from Su Shi's poem "A heavy rain in Youmeitang", "The sky is black and the wind blows and the sea stands". "I don't know if the clouds are rain, and the rain is clouds." The phrase comes from "Zhuangzi Tianyun": "The clouds are rain? The rain is clouds?" The word "Wei" is pronounced without the sound. Are the clouds for rain? Is the rain for the clouds? Zhuangzi asked this question and answered it himself in the following, saying that this is the principle of nature. Neither the clouds nor the rain are for the sake of the other. They are just moving like this, and there is no other will force to influence them to do so. The author said "I don't know", which is true, and there is no need to investigate further. "The sky is thousands of miles long, and it is destroyed by the west wind in a moment." The sky turns sharply, and the words also turn sharply, this is what the saying goes. Su Shi's poem "Niannujiao·Mid-Autumn Festival": "Looking far from the height, you can see thousands of miles in the sky, and there are no traces of clouds." "Vimalakirti Sutra": "The body is like floating clouds, which will disappear in a moment." When the clouds disperse, the rain will of course stop. . "Looking back and listening, the moon is shining in the sky, and all the orifices in the world are screaming." The words of "Zhuangzi" are used here again. "Equality of Things": "There is a large piece of air blowing, and its name is wind. It does nothing, and if it does, all the orifices will roar in anger." This is the "sound of nature", the sound of nature. From the storm to the clouds and rain, the moon is bright and the wind is rising, the poet seems to have realized a philosophy in the rapid changes in nature: things are constantly changing, and gloom can turn into bright and clear, and clear and bright contains the elements of wind and cloud; Failure can turn into victory, and victory can cause trouble. The description of the natural scene in the first film provides a strong background and pavement for the second film to remember Fan Li, who defeated the strong, turned defeat into victory, and retired with great success. In the use of language, Xin Ci's skill is to integrate various schools of thought for his own use.
The next film is nostalgic and lyrical, talking about the past as a guide to the present, alluding to reality, and using the wine glass of the ancients to pour out the pain in my heart. The author first tells a legendary historical story in a questioning tone: Who went to the Ruoye River to invite Xi Shi to go to the State of Wu, thus causing the destruction of the State of Wu? People in Vietnam are still looking forward to his return by boat! This is of course referring to Fan Li, but the author does not say it directly, but leads to it without saying anything, saying "Who is Qian". Writing this way is more subtle and inspiring. According to historical records, in the late Spring and Autumn Period, King Gou Jian of Yue was defeated by the State of Wu and suffered great humiliation. Adviser Fan Li worked hard to assist Gou Jian in "ten years of gathering, ten years of lessons", and presented Xi Shi to the King of Wu, performing a beauty trick. The king of Wu was greedy for women and neglected the government. Wu Zixu, the counselor of the State of Wu, once advised him: "I saw a elk roaming the stage of Gusu." Later, the State of Yue finally destroyed the State of Wu and avenged Kuaiji. After the victory of the Yue Kingdom, Fan Li believed that "Gou Jian is a man who can be in trouble with the enemy, but cannot be happy with the enemy", so he went boating on the five lakes. What is thought-provoking is that the poet missed the ancients when he faced Qinwang Mountain, Dayu's Mausoleum and the ancient city of Kuaiji. What occupied his heart was not Emperor Qin, Dayu, or King Goujian of Yue, but Fan Li. This is because Fan Li is loyal to one thing, serves the country with loyalty, has literary and military skills, and has proposed many strategies for revenge and humiliation, which are closely connected with the poet's thoughts and feelings. Volume 18 of Li Xinchuan's "Collection B of Miscellaneous Notes on the Government and the Country since Jianyan" records: Xin Qiji came to Lin'an to see Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty, "He said that the Kingdom of Jin will be in chaos and will perish. He is willing to pay it to the senior ministers to provide emergency measures. (Korean) Zhou Zhou was very happy." "Qingyuan Party Ban" also states that "in the first month of the spring of the fourth year of Jiatai, Xin Qiji came to see him and used the benefits of the army to beg the senior ministers for payment." According to Cheng Jue's "Bingzi Lun Dui Notes", Xin Qiji sent spies many times in the past few years. Personnel went to Jinjing to investigate the strength of the Jin soldiers and wanted to recruit sergeants in the border areas. It can be seen that the author was eager to try and gear up to restore the shame of Jingkang in the Central Plains. Fan Li was the example he admired and followed. On the surface, it is Fan Li who is "respected by the people of the motherland". In fact, it could not be said that he is also referred to Xin Qiji. In his later years, he often missed his fighting career of "the banner of his prime supported ten thousand men", and the northern anti-golden rebels also always looked forward to his return. Xie Fangde recorded in "Memorial Notes on the Tomb of Mr. Xin Jiaxuan": "After the death of the public, the loyalty of the Northwest began to despair.
"This part of the allusion does not just say something, but spreads it out into several sentences to describe the main plot to express thoughts and feelings. This is a distinctive feature of its use of allusions.
" Sui It's dusk, why don't you play the harp and the yu? "In the closing part of the poem, the author first raises the question in a questioning tone: The year is coming to an end, why not have fun by playing the harp and the yu? "Xiaoya Lu Ming" in "The Book of Songs": "I have a guest. , drums, harps and sheng. "Also "Tang Feng·Shan Youshu": "You have wine and food, why don't you play drums and harps? And with joy, and with eternal sunshine. The author quoted "Poetry" to express the meaning of carpe diem at the end of the year, and then answered in a rhetorical tone: "If you don't see me, the king's pavilion will be closed, and the trees will cry in the cold smoke." "In the old days, the pavilions of Wang and Xie were deserted, and there was no place for them to enjoy themselves. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang and Xie also had a close relationship with Kuaiji. "Wang Pavilion" refers to the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin in Kuaiji where Wang Xizhi practiced fishing; Xie An once lived in seclusion in Dongshan, Kuaiji. These old ruins are only decorated with "cold smoke and cold trees and crows".
From remembering Fan Li to remembering Wang and Xie, it is a big emotional pain. Turning point. The memory of Fan Li expresses the positive thoughts of serving the country and avenging shame; the memory of Wang and Xie not only reveals the dissatisfaction with reality, but also clearly shows the negative and pessimistic mood inspired by the changes in nature and the great changes in history. Not only is he imitating the generosity of the ancients and making meritorious deeds in a timely manner, but he is also sad about the passing of time. Xin Qiji was already sixty-four years old when the author thought that all the once powerful and prominent figures have become historical relics. At that time, my heart was filled with the lament that life is short and fame is fleeting. In terms of artistic conception, this last rhyme is not just for Wang Ting to express his gratitude to the pavilion, but is related to the entire poem and points out the keynote of the poet in these histories. The different emotions embedded in the characters' deeds are completely consistent with the contradictions in his thoughts at the time.
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