Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb
Li He
The orchid dew is like crying eyes.
If there is no unity, the fireworks cannot be cut.
The grass is like a blanket, and the pines are like a canopy.
The wind is a garment and the water is a pendant.
Oil-walled cars, waiting for each other in the evening.
Cold green candle, laborious glory.
Under the Western Tomb, the wind blows and rains.
1
The dewdrops on the orchids are like tearful eyes.
The misty wild grass and flowers cannot be woven into concentric knots.
The green grass is like a mat, and the green pines are like a car hood.
The breeze flutters like clothes, and the running water sounds like a jade pendant.
The car I took during my lifetime was waiting for me on time at dusk.
The cold and dim phosphorus fire shines with diligence.
There was a solemn atmosphere on the grave, only the strong wind and rain.
2
Li He (790-816), also known as Changji, was born in Longxi, Changgu, Fuchang County, Henan Prefecture (now Yiyang, Henan Province). "Slender figure, huge nose, straight eyebrows, long fingers and claws." ("Quan Tang Shu") A representative of the romantic poets of the Mid-Tang Dynasty, known as the "Poetry Ghost".
He can compose poems at the age of seven. He often rides a skinny horse to travel around, followed by a little book boy carrying a broken bag of tips. When I get a good poem on the way, I write it down and put it in my bag. When I go home in the evening, my mother will take out many poems and notes from her bag and always say angrily: "This child will not give up until he vomits his heart out."
Due to being frail and sick since childhood, Li read and recited diligently. He was already gray-haired before he turned eighteen. He had long made up his mind to serve the country: "I have a fascination that I can't attract, and the whole world is white when the rooster sings. A young man's worries should be taken care of. Who can sit still and moan in the cold?"
Li He is good at turning ruthless things into emotions. In "The Song of the Golden and Bronze Immortal Ci Han", the Golden and Bronze Immortal was a relic of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, with a dew tray on it. During the changes of the Han, Wei, and Wei dynasties, Emperor Wei Ming issued an edict to dismantle the bronze Immortal. The bronze Immortal was conscious and aware when it was carried out of the palace. Tears flowed down his cheeks: "The Han moon is leaving the palace gate in the sky, and my tears are like lead water when I remember you. Shenlan sends guests off to Xianyang Road, if the sky is sentimental, the sky will also grow old!" The bronze figure in "The Bronze Camel's Sorrow" "The rumble of dawn urges the sun to turn." , The rumbling sound at dusk urges the moon to rise." The drum sound in "Guanjie Drum" "has been buried in the sky several times, and the sound will be heard without interruption." Bronze men, bronze camels, and drums are all ruthless things, but they can also evoke thoughts of the homeland and create a sense of vicissitudes of life.
"Where Nuwa refines stones to mend the sky, the rocks break the sky and make the autumn rain startle." "Diarrhea from the cup" and so on. This kind of fantasy style is related to the various strange images of gods that he captures, and he uses mythological allusions to develop bold artistic imagination.
Li He was very talented, but when he went to Chang'an to take the exam, someone spread rumors that the word "Jin" in the name of Li He's father, Li Jinsu, was the same as the word "jin" in "Jinshi", which violated family taboo and could not take the exam. . Li He was depressed and frustrated, and died in the 11th year of Yuanhe (816), the reign of Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, at the age of 27.
Three
Su Xiaoxiao (479-502) was a native of Qiantang in the Southern Qi Dynasty. He had outstanding appearance and great poetic talent. Her parents died when she was young, so she moved to Hangzhou by the Xiling Bridge of West Lake and became a singing prostitute. He died before the age of nineteen, leaving his last wish: "Born in Xiling, died in Xiling, buried in Xiling, I will live up to my love of small mountains and rivers."
Su Xiaoxiao liked it during his lifetime. A poor scholar once helped him to go to Beijing to take the exam, but he did not wait for the scholar's arrival until his death. After being named on the Scholar's Golden List, Su Xiaoxiao was buried in Xiling, and a monument was erected saying: "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb in Qiantang."
Li Shen said in the preface to the poem "Zhenniang's Tomb": "Jiaxing County There is the tomb of Su Xiaoxiao, a prostitute from Wu, in front of it. On a stormy night, you may hear the sound of singing and playing on it. "According to "Fangyu Shenglan", Su Xiaoxiao's tomb is located in the southwest of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Literati have always recited it a lot.
Zhang Hu's "Inscription on Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb": "I don't know who has broken the hole, but I just want to be of the same mind." Shen Lianyuan's "Su Xiaoxiao's Song": "The willows in front of the tomb cannot be broken, and the spring breeze pulls them together. "Yuan Yishan's "Inscription on Su Xiaoxiang": "Only Su Xiaobu is not romantic, and a branch of Hemerocallis phoenix hairpin is inserted diagonally." Yuan Hongdao's "Xiling Bridge": "The pine leaves are as thin as needles and do not want to tie. "Xu Wei's "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb": "The weeping marks on the edges are shallow, and the concentric knots are sparse." Zhu Yizun's "Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb": "The creek is clear, the small bridge is horizontal, and the sound of pines and cypresses is green in front of the small tomb. The clouds have stopped, the blue clouds have stopped, and when I think about the past, the red-breasted birds are flying all over the stream, and the red heart grass is growing on the bridge. The rain is beginning to clear, and the flowers are falling in the cold weather. "
Four
This poem is shaped like a tombstone. Write about people by writing "ghosts" and write about people's feelings in real life. The whole poem is inspired by the scenery, depicting the image of Su Xiaoxiao's ghost that is flickering and looming.
The first two sentences describe her tearful eyes.
"There is nothing to be united with", lamenting that he died and became a ghost, and can no longer be united with her.
Influenced by "Nine Songs: Mountain Ghost". The loyal and resentful feelings of "the fireworks cannot be cut off" are passed down from the same line as "Zhe Fangxin" and "Si Gongzi" from the same mountain ghosts. "The fragrance is fragrant and I have left behind my thoughts." "I resent the young master and forget to return home. You miss me so I have no time to spare." "The wind is rustling and the trees are rustling. I miss the young master but I am worried about leaving."
”
The following eight lines of “Grass is like grass” imagine her various clothing and utensils. The beautiful scenery in the poem not only highlights the graceful and colorful image of Su Xiaoxiao’s ghost; it also reflects her state of mind. The last two sentences turn fiction into reality, describing the chilling and cold scene in the cemetery: "I ride on an oil-walled chariot, and the man rides on a green horse." . Where can we unite as one, under the pines and cypresses of Xiling. ”
The poet has his own pursuits and ideals, but he was born at the wrong time, and his talents and talents were not appreciated. “There is nothing to unite.” Ghosts are just a form, reflecting the content of the human world. ; What is expressed is people's thoughts and feelings.
In the image of Su Xiaoxiao, we see the shadow of the poet himself.
Five< /p>
The influence of Li He's poems on the overall style of Cao Xueqin's poems is very obvious. Cao Xueqin and Li He do have many similarities. Both are talented, both died young, and both belong to prominent families. After that, they all experienced ups and downs.
Cao Xueqin’s good friend Duncheng once praised: "The poetry of Aijun has a unique spirit, which goes straight to Changgu and breaks the fence." "Zhijun's poems are as courageous as iron, and they are worthy of the cold light of the sword." "Duncheng recorded in "Wren's Bichen": "Yu Xi is a legendary chapter of Baixiangshan's "Pipa Xing", and there are no fewer than dozens of authors who have written and postscripted it. At the end of Cao Xueqin's poem, it goes: "Bai Fu Shiling should be very happy, and he will teach barbarian ghosts to show off." ’ It’s also novel and can be recited. Cao's poetry throughout his life was generally like this, but ended up in a rough place. Yu's elegiac poem has the line "Niu Gui left a poem and mourned Li He; a deer, a cart, and a load of hoe buried Liu Ling", which also means donkey croaking in mourning. "After reading the legend of "Pipa Play", Cao Xueqin imagined that the poet Bai Juyi was wise and would be happy to teach Xiaoman, who was good at singing, and Fan Su, who was good at dancing, to perform under Jiuquan. These two remaining lines of the poem are similar to the fantasy and absurdity of Li He's poem There is also a ghostly atmosphere in the style, which shows that what Duncheng said is true.
Li He's "Peach Blossoms Fall Like Red Rain" suddenly ends with "The wine will not reach Liu Ling's grave". "Shangtu" ended with a cold tone. According to the "Book of Jin·Liu Ling Biography", Liu Ling often went out in a deer cart, drank while walking, and had people follow behind him carrying shovels. He warned: If I die drunk, bury me on the spot. Okay. It can be seen that Cao Xueqin was buried wherever he died.
Li He's poems are a brilliant and dazzling flower in the poetry world of the mid-Tang Dynasty, which opened up a new artistic realm for Chinese classical poetry. Li Shangyin and Wen Tingyun were both influential. Li He's poetry is a revival of the Yuefu style of the Han and Wei Dynasties and the palace style poetry of the Southern Dynasties. It has spiritual similarities with Han Yu's ancient prose, Du Fu's syntax, Han Yu's grammar, and Li He's poetry. The combination of He's words and the three elements soon influenced Li Shangyin.