Combine the background of the notes and quickly grasp the main contents of poetry: for example, the topic of poetry appreciation in the 2008 college entrance examination-
What is spring (1)?
Light rain is looking forward to spring, and falling flowers are near dusk. The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is full of birds singing.
[Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), used to be the official of the Zhongshu Sheren and the assistant minister of the household department. He was dismissed for trying to oppose Qin Gui's surrender policy. ② Layout: refers to a place with few people and very cold.
On this issue, the note (1) tells us that Li Mixun was "dismissed for trying to oppose Qin Gui's surrender policy"; The second question asks, "What kind of emotion does this poem express?" It's easy to get to the background.
Second, look at the key languages (title, ending poem, poetic eye)?
The key language in ancient poetry, such as the title, ending verse and other words that indicate the eye of poetry, often directly reveals the information of the theme of poetry.
Third, look at genre?
If it is a narrative poem, we can start with the analysis of characters, then summarize the theme of the poem and appreciate the concise and vivid language of the poem.
If it is a philosophical poem, it is necessary to reveal the philosophy contained in the poem when summing up the theme, and analyze the expression techniques from the perspective of "supporting things and expressing aspirations".
If it is a lyric poem, we can understand the feelings expressed by the poet from the scenery (specific nouns) written, and answer, "What is the benefit of writing like this?" When you ask questions such as "What kind of artistic techniques are used" and "Please enjoy this poem", you should consider whether you are lyrical directly or indirectly (lyrical by borrowing things and blending scenes).
Fourth, look at the technique?
A lyric technique?
(1) Tell me what you think?
(2) Indirect lyricism?
A borrow things to express the ambition (borrow things to describe people) b borrow scenery (things) expression c melt scenery?
Second, the description technique?
① Contrast: Sketch the life picture of …, highlight the poet's feelings for …, or express his thoughts on life and society.
2 foil (foil, contrast, contrast)?
(3) renderings (describing the layout for more than three times)?
④ Combination of frontal description and profile description?
Three rhetorical devices?
(1) allusion-borrowing fairy tales, historical figures' activities and ancient poems?
(2) Metonymy-implicit and euphemistic, expressing specific feelings.
(3) Metaphor-vivid image and emotional sustenance; Or language reveals the philosophy of life in simple words. Imagination, association and imagination are ingenious, outlining the picture of life or society ...
(4) Pun-profound meaning, thought-provoking, implicit beauty.
Homophonic pun, implicit, full of interest. For example, "the sunrise in the east is sunny in the west, and the road is sunny (emotional) but not sunny (emotional). B semantic pun?
5] personification, personification of scenery and things, vivid images and emotional sustenance; Or the scene blends, and things are integrated with me; Or borrow things to compare people, symbolize.
[6] exaggeration, highlighting characteristics, strengthening feelings and enhancing appeal; Or create a strange artistic conception and express romantic feelings.
Thirdly, use a word to highlight a feature or an emotion.
Being asked, asking and answering, full of interest; Asking a rhetorical question is more convincing and thought-provoking.
(9) Irony, irony.
⑽ Intertextuality: "You can write to each other, but you can read the text." Specifically, it is a form: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say two things, but in fact they echo each other, explain each other and complement each other, and say the same thing, such as "the moon is off in the Qin Dynasty", "the smoke cage is full of sand in the cold moon" and "open"
Other techniques of expression: combination of reality and reality?
Fifth, look at the image?
(1) Liu?
"Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic. When the ancients bid farewell, they often sent them with folded willows to show their deep feelings of parting.
Li Bai's memory of Qin E: "The flute sounds like a swallow, the harp moth dreams of breaking Qin Louyue Qin Louyue, willow leaves every year, and Baling mourns parting." ?
2 the moon?
Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking: The foot of my bed is so bright. Could it have been frosted? Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and it sank again. I suddenly remembered home?
(3) Chrysanthemum?
A symbol of loyalty and noble character. Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the hedge, leisurely seeing Nanshan"?
(4) plum blossom?
The quality of being pure and clean and unwilling to go with the flow. Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "It's not snow from afar, because it smells good." ?
5] loose?
Loyalty and noble qualities. Li Bai's "Giving Books to Serve Huang Shang" says: "I hope you can be a senior, not a peach and plum." ?
[6] Lotus?
Because the sounds of "lotus" and "pity" are the same, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. Song of Xizhou by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus is picked in the south pond, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head and get lotus seeds, green as water?
(7) Indus?
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness. "The phoenix tree is more drizzly, dripping at dusk" (Li Qingzhao speaks slowly).
Be a cuckoo?
Rhododendron is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Song Hezhu's "Remembering Qin E": "In the middle of the night, pear blossoms are just falling in the atrium; Pear blossoms snow, cuckoo cries blood?
⑼ partridge bird?
The journey is hard and full of thoughts of parting, such as "autumn dusk is boundless and grass is bright, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's Jiuzipo smells partridges in the Tang Dynasty), and "Late in the river, the mountains are deep and the partridges are heard" (Xin Qiji's Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi stoma wall ").
⑽ chilling?
A synonym for sadness. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began his poem "The Rain Rings": "It's cold and sad, and it's too late to wait for a shower." ?
⑾ Hongyan?
I feel homesick and sad when I travel. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People miss home every day, thinking before flowers." And "I heard that the geese are home at night, homesick and sick during the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu plays Yuan Zhen). There are also letters that mention Hongyan, such as "The geese don't answer me when they cross the river, and the river is full of autumn water" (.
⑿ Plum maturity is a metaphor for a girl's desire for love, such as "looking back at the door, but smelling plum fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"); Use floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I want to think of you in the floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"); Yuanyang refers to loving couples, such as "why not give up your life if you succeed?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's" Ancient Meaning Chang 'an "); Lilac refers to melancholy thoughts or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving) and so on.
[13] Ice and snow?
The crystal of ice and snow is a metaphor for the loyalty of the soul and the nobility of morality, such as "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and there is a piece of ice in the jade pot" (Wang Changling's Parting with Xin Qiji at Furong Inn)?
[14] vegetation?
Contrast desolation with lush vegetation to express ups and downs, such as "After ten miles of spring breeze, the wheat will turn green" (Yang Zhou Slow by Jiang Kui)?
⒂ Cao Fang?
In China's classical poems, the metaphor of parting hate is like Bai Juyi's farewell to the ancient grassland: "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high, the incense is pressing on the old road, and the beautiful scenery meets the desolate city." ?
[14] crow?
In China's classical poetry, it is often associated with decadent and desolate things, such as Qin Guan's Man Fang Ting: "Outside the sunset, there are 10,000 points in Western jackdaw, and the lonely village is surrounded by flowing water." Ma Zhiyuan's poem "Jing Tian sand? Qiu Si: Dead vines, old trees, crows?
⒄ apes crow?
Appearing in poetry often symbolizes a sad mood, such as Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain": "Apes whimper in the high wind".
⒅ Qiangdi?
A sense of sadness, such as Fan Zhongyan's "The Pride of Fisherman": "A glass of turbid wine makes Wan Li return, and Ran Yan has nothing to do, and the tube is full of frost." Qiangdi's wailing often makes recruiters cry.
Cheat water?
In China's ancient poems, it is associated with endless sadness. Li Yu said, "How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward. " Qin Guan's "Walking on the Sand" said, "parting from sorrow is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water." ?
⒇ Honghu Lake?
Swan flies very high, which is often used to describe a person with lofty aspirations. For example, "The swan is gone forever, but the hook is deep" (Liu Zongyuan in Two Loves).