On the other hand, the wealth of ancient society was uneven. As poets, many of them are people who are concerned about their country and people, and their morality is noble, so they can be said to drown their sorrows by drinking.
In the long river of China's history and culture, literature and art, as a kind of spiritual food in various times, have experienced a long evolution from emergence, development to prosperity.
In the evolution and development, poetry, as a wonderful work of art, occupies an important position in the history of literary development.
As early as the birth of mankind, in the process of language formation, poetry has gradually changed from a simple and powerful rhythm produced by labor to a lyrical and expressive literary style, such as "Music is singing, dance is dancing" in the Book of Songs.
"Rhythm and original lyrics are the embryonic form of poetry, and The Book of Songs was the first one to really put this literary style into a book.
It collected more than 300 poems of folk and aristocratic classes, which created the source of poetry, and poetry really came into being as a literary style.
From the emergence of poetry to the development, change and prosperity of poetry in Ming and Qing dynasties, many poets have formed an indissoluble bond with wine in this process.
The development of wine and poetry, the relationship between wine and poets, and a series of questions about "wine and poets" are all worth discussing.
As the poet's alternative true love, what kind of relationship will they have? The following are some superficial explanations of these related issues:
First, the indissoluble bond between poets and wine.
Since the legendary Du Kang and Yidi made wine, wine, as a daily drink, has stepped onto the stage of China history.
At first, due to the backward productivity and the low living standard of the people, the output of wine was very limited.
Until the first stage of class society and the middle and late period of slave society, the widespread use of wine was limited to banquets and sacrifices among nobles.
But it was also during this period that new toasts gradually appeared at banquets, and some of them became the source of poetry creation. Later, Li Bai's "Into the Wine" can be said to be a typical toast.
Since the Book of Songs, there have been literatures about wine, such as Nine Sons of Zhou Shu, and even the difficult Book of Changes has the saying that "the crane is in the shade, and my son is in harmony with it". I have a good title and I am invincible. "
The last two sentences mean "I have good wine, and we will get drunk".
The source of poetry, The Book of Songs, is full of wine: "July, August, peeling dates, October, harvesting rice. To this end, spring wine is used to celebrate longevity "; "Xiaoya Luming Literature", "I take wine as the purpose and the heart of Yan Le guests"; The most famous is Xiaoya Bin's First Banquet, which is probably the earliest work describing the scene of banquet and singing in detail.
Is it fair to say that without wine, there would be no ancient poems and poets of China, and perhaps the culture of 5,000 years would be inferior?
If there is no wine, how can Tao Yuanming, a heavy drinker, write twenty drinking poems? I don't know how much wine he has to drink, plus raising five disappointing sons. Perhaps the "wine" in the poem "Drinking" can only be wine mixed with water.
Lao Du's capacity for liquor is estimated to be good. When his friend Wei Ba visited, he braved the rainy night to cut spring leeks, served delicious yellow rice and drank heartily. "He advised me to drink ten cups", "But ten cups can make me drunk".
"But in my hut, we have old wine in our cups" when there is no money.
If there is no wine, Liu Sanbian, who "buys flowers and brings wine", may not be able to write "Where to wake up tonight?" Yang Liuan's "Xiao Feng Canyue" can't express the sigh of "going to get drunk".
"Who says that women are not as good as men", Li Qingzhao's capacity for drinking naturally cannot tolerate a man's, "Drinking at dusk in Dongli", "Three cups and two glasses of wine" and "A shower last night, a deep sleep does not consume wine". She can only drown her sorrows in wine. Among poets, Li Bai is famous for drinking, which can best reflect the Dionysian spirit.
"When the son of heaven doesn't get on the boat, he claims that he is Brewmaster", which is so chic and elegant that even the wine has to stand aside, representing the supreme kingship.
In particular, every word of his "drinking" contains the fragrance of wine.
If all his poems about wine are squeezed out, maybe half a pot of sorghum can be squeezed out.
Why does wine have such a great fate for every individual poet? Because the poet is so old, we can't know for sure, we can only infer one or two from common sense.
Secondly, wine fermented the poet's thoughts and inspired him.
Why do poets like wine? Is it because the flavor of yellow rice wine is mellow, fresh and sweet, and the aroma is rich? Is liquor rich in aroma, soft and sweet, and has a long aftertaste? I don't think so.
There is always something unique in wine, go beyond it.
The fragrance of wine floats. Is it the disappearance of form or the sublimation of rhyme?
For poetry, wine can be frustrating, it can make the poet enter a state of selflessness, without worldly troubles and utilitarian troubles, and gain spiritual freedom.
This is an opportunity to inspire. As the saying goes, "I will be happy when I am drunk, and it will be better than when I am not drunk.
Moving is dancing, and language is poetry. "
This is probably a major reason why poets like to drink.
When Wang Bo wrote Preface to Wang Teng-ting, he first ground a few liters of ink, then drank a lot, and then pulled up the quilt and fell asleep. After waking up, he had a brainwave, borrowed Yu Xin's poem "The fallen flowers cover Qi Fei, and the flag of willow * * * is the same color in spring" and wrote a famous sentence throughout the ages-the sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky.
With a stroke of the pen, I won't change a word.
When Li Bai wrote Qing Ping Diao for Xuanzong in the imperial edict, he also wrote it after waking up drunk.
Liu Xie in the Southern Dynasty agreed with Sima Qian's viewpoint of "expressing anger with poetry" and put forward a clever metaphor, calling an article written with unfortunate life experiences "mussels become pearls from illness".
"Illness" generally refers to mental and physical unhappiness.
Wine can make the poet's "resentment and anger" shift, and wine can turn with things and wander at will.
"Ancient sober people and saints have been forgotten, and only great drinkers can be immortalized.
""Life is like a dream, a bottle or a month.
""I'm so sad that I got drunk for no reason. Before the wine arrives, I will cry first "(Fan Zhongyan's Journey to the Imperial Street) ... Du Fu's Drunk Songs are full of drunken words, drunkenness and drunken poems.
But when you wake up, you will be drunk. Being drunk will help you wake up, so it's miserable.
Although this book is for Zheng Qian, the poet's tears permeate between the lines.
It makes people feel painful and sad to read, and a bitter smell of wine comes to the nose, as if seeing a child's beauty is like waking up and being drunk, and feeling the same with the wine.
In fact, how painful it is not to wake up, how drunk it is; If you are not drunk, how can you write off that injustice?
Du Fu's poem "Song of Eight Immortals Drinking" said: "There are hundreds of Li Bai's poems about fighting for wine", which is extremely powerful to enhance Li Bai's poetic interest and talent.
Many poets, writers, painters and calligraphers in ancient and modern times have become attached to wine, and they are full of interest because of wine, and their talents are steep, their writing is full of gods, and their wine is full of fragrance, not just Li Bai.
The wonderful use of wine for literature and art is recognized by both sides and onlookers.
Some western aestheticians, such as Nietzsche, also mentioned "Dionysian character"; Writers from the West, India, Persia and * * * often chant wine and write stories related to wine, but they are far less extensive, profound and cordial than writers from China in terms of quantity and quality.
The history of China literature and art is inextricably linked with the history of Chinese wine culture, and literature and art are full of alcohol.
Wine and poetry
The karma of songs is also encrypted because wine is a common item in people's daily entertainment.
Literati alone can certainly help and urge poetry, and gathering for banquets and drinking can especially stimulate the communication between poems.
Therefore, poets of all ages have a large number of impromptu works, and the acceptance of poets often naturally becomes a poetry meeting.
The meeting of these literati in poetry and wine is often a story in the history of literature. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Liu, Liu and Liu gathered literati in the Rabbit Garden and ordered Meicheng to give Liu, Luqiao to give Crane, Gongsun to give Deer, Gongsun to give Wine, Gongsun to give Moon and Yang Ciping. Among them, Han Anguo was fined for giving less gifts, which was probably the beginning of the literati poetry meeting.
In the third year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave a banquet in Bailiangtai, and the ministers wrote poems, each with a rhyme, which was called "Bailiangti".
It not only created a poetic style, but also was the earliest record of couplet poems in later generations.
In addition, judging from the relationship between wine and poetry, wine itself is the object of a large number of poems.
There are thirty poems in The Book of Songs, the earliest collection of poems, that is, one tenth mentioned wine.
There are many poems about wine in Ya, big and small, especially Xiaoya.
This is because "Feng" poems are mostly folk songs, while "Ya" poems are poems of middle and upper-class literati.
At that time, wine was still a luxury, which was rare for civilians. Naturally, it can't be shaped by folk singing.
Ya has a total of 1 1 1 articles, among which the drinkers are the most. According to this calculation, the proportion of poems with wine is considerable.
There are also some liquors in Chuci, such as Jiuge, "Drinking osmanthus wine and pepper paste", (Emperor Taiyi), "Drinking osmanthus paste for Beidou" and (Dong Jun), but the poet has never described his drinking. Fisherman also said, "Everyone is drunk, I wake up alone", although it is a metaphor.
After poetry and coquetry, there are only a few exceptions in China's literary works that do not involve alcohol; Among the famous drinkers in the history of China, poets also accounted for a large proportion.
Roughly counted, Cao's three poems are all about drinking, and Cao Zhi is also an addict who drinks too much and makes trouble. Kong Rong's greatest wish is that "the seats are always full, and the wine in the bucket is not empty"; After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, such as Xie Tao, Bao Zheng, Du Li, Liu Han, Bai Liu, Ou Su and Lu Xin, everyone drank, chanted and wrote wine, and most of them were heavy drinkers.
These are just some of the first-class writers in history. If you want to list them one by one, you can add up to a lot of books just by mentioning their names.
Faced with such a history of marriage between wine and poetry, I dare say that no one can exhaust his life's hard work and collect all the anecdotes of poets and wine.
Therefore, it is absolutely impossible to count the number of wine-chanting poems in China's literature completely.
From 1 century A.D. to 1 1 century, the works devoted to wine have been slightly glimpsed, limited to everyone's masterpieces, and have been recorded slightly, which is already a spectacular sight. Poems: Poems about wine in Han Yuefu (if the topic is not wine, even if the whole article is not listed) include "Persuade songs into wine", "Four boxes of music songs to celebrate the birthday of wine" and "Cross-blowing songs". During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Cao Zhi, Wang Bi and Liu Zhen each had a banquet poem, Ji Kang had seven banquet poems, Jin had one banquet poem, Tao Yuanming had 20 drinking poems, drinking poems on rainy nights, abstinence poems and talking about wine poems. There are fourteen topics in Liang Fanyun, such as Dang Dui Jiu, Dui Jiu and Geng Xin Dui Jiu Ge. There are many Tang poems that have been handed down to this day, which can't be regarded as wine poems. Famous poets with the word "wine" in their titles include Wang Ji, Li Lin, Chu Guangxin, Gao Shi, Wei, Du Fu, Jia Dao, Dai Shulun, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan.
As far as the poet and Brewmaster Li Bai are concerned, his works include more than 60 poems, and today there are more than 850 original works in various styles. According to Zhou, a poet in Ming Dynasty, there are seventy-five poems in Qing Yong, with five or seven words chanting wine, with different styles. In fact, this figure is far from complete. Zhou's poems include Wine, Banquet and Drunk.
In the Northern Song Dynasty (before 1 1 century), there were no fewer poets and works who wrote the word "wine" in their titles than in the Tang Dynasty.
As far as ci is concerned, there are eight of Ouyang Xiu's thirteen songs, such as Picking Mulberry Seeds (painting a boat in the West Lake to carry wine well), and more than ten songs, such as Dingfengbo (asking him before putting hops) and Huanxi Yarn (drinking once every ten years). There are more than ten songs such as Su Shi's Dead Hua Lian (don't drink to persuade Jun Jun to get drunk), and four songs such as Xijiang Moon and Drunk Down and Out by Huang Tingjian.
Only the masterpieces of these famous artists, with a little deduction, are enough to write a history of wine poetry.
Thirdly, wine is a prop for poets to express their feelings.
For poets, wine can vent their feelings, pour out the barriers in their hearts and play the role of "empathy"; Wine is masculine, intoxicating and detached.
A drunken country husband can take it out on his wife and children, but what about a poet? Poets are often hard to get rid of worldly gains and losses when they are awake, so their creativity will inevitably be suppressed and suppressed.
It is easy to achieve spiritual liberation and spiritual transcendence when you are drunk and hot.
He dared to speak, write, cry and laugh, indulge his feelings and have no scruples, thus liberating his creativity.
From "resignation" to "metaphysical comfort", the nature of the will to life as an ontology has changed, from the negative force of blind struggle to the infinite creative force.
Without wine, Qu Yuan wouldn't say "Everyone is drunk and I wake up alone".
From a relative point of view, in fact, this sentence can also be said to be "everyone is awake, I am drunk alone", otherwise he would not be haggard and "drunk" for his country! Li Bai "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords, we raise our glasses to dispel our worries.".
The relationship between wine and the poet's emotional expression and release is remarkable.
In class society, especially in the long feudal society, the entanglement of rights and interests often leads to the distortion of human nature and psychological imperfection of those in power. The poet's honest and sincere character often makes his political ambition impossible to display, and what's more, he lives in poverty. In such a situation, the poet is extremely exhausted physically and mentally, or sends affection to mountains and rivers, or sends affection to wine.
If there is no wine, how can a poet recover his body and mind?
Of course, the relationship between a poet and wine is not that simple, but it is not too much to regard wine as a poet's alternative true love.