Poetry is a literary genre that focuses on emotion. It reflects social life in a lyrical, highly concise and concentrated way, using rich imagination, rhythmic and rhythmic language and the form of line arrangement. Express thoughts and emotions. Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and emotional language art form. It is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Poetry originated from ancient social life. It is a rhythmic and emotional language form produced by labor production, sexual love, primitive religion, etc. "Book of Rites. Yushu": "Poetry expresses aspirations, songs chant words, the sound is eternal, and the rhythm is harmonious." "Book of Rites. Yue Ji": "Poems express aspirations; songs chant their sounds; dance means movement. Its content is that the three originate from the heart, and then the musical instruments follow it. "In the early days, poetry, song, music and dance were integrated. Poems are lyrics, and they are always sung in conjunction with music and dance in actual performances. Later, poetry, song, music, and dance developed independently and became independent entities. Poems and songs are collectively referred to as poetry.
(1) The origin of poetry
Poetry is the oldest and most literary style with literary characteristics. Originated from the labor chants and folk songs of ancient people, it was originally a general term for poetry and songs. In the beginning, there was no distinction between poetry and song. Poetry was combined with music and dance, collectively called poetry. Chinese poetry has a long history and rich heritage, such as "The Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and "Han Yuefu" as well as the works of countless poets. Poetry in Western Europe began with poets such as Homer and Sappho in ancient Greece and Virgi and Horace in ancient Rome.
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The origin of poetry
2010-07-13 17: 20:07| Category: Chinese Teaching| Tags: |Report|Font Size Large, Medium and Small Subscription
There are many theories about the origin of poetry, such as imitation theory, game theory, witchcraft theory, labor theory, and psychological expression theory. etc. Among them, the labor theory is the most recognized by people. And poetry can be regarded as the pioneer of all literary works. Before the emergence of writing in human society, there were already oral songs. Mr. Lu Xun believed that poetry originated from labor and religion for two reasons: first, singing while working can make you forget about hard work; second, primitive peoples were afraid of gods and respected them, so they praised their power and achievements. strong.
Poetry originated from human productive labor, and it has been described more specifically in "Huainanzi":
Nowadays, when a man lifts a big tree, he calls out "Xie Xu" in front of him, and "Xie Xu" in front of him, and also in "Huainanzi" Respond. This is a song of great persuasion.
Of course, since production was still in its primitive stage at that time and the language was underdeveloped, the "evil" sounds made by people during labor were relatively monotonous. They had no lyrics and naturally did not express specific thoughts. content, so we cannot yet consider it a true poem, only a primitive ballad.
It has gone through a long development stage from songs that only express sounds to poems that also express meaning. The "Yinchu" chapter of "Lu's Spring and Autumn" records a "Song of Waiting for People", the lyrics are:
Waiting for people, Xi Yi!
It can be regarded as the simplest prototype of ideographic poetry. The word "xiyi" here, like "xiexu", only serves as a pronunciation, while the word "houren" expresses the author's certain wishes and has a simple but more specific ideological content.
With the further development of production, social life has become more and more diversified, and the expression form of poetry has naturally become more perfect and the content has become richer. During this period, poetry could not only express certain personal wishes, but also reflect certain social life. "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" recorded a song "Dan Ge", the lyrics are:
Broken bamboo, renewed bamboo, flying earth, chasing corpses.
In these eight short words, the whole process and vivid scenes of hunting by our ancestors in primitive times are reflected. This ballad is not only complete in content and vivid in plot, but also has neat sentence structure, with every pair of sentences rhyming, which generally meets the general requirements of poetry.
Secondly, let’s talk about the origin of poetry from religion. In primitive ballads, we can find many works that pray to heaven. For example, the "Book of Rites Jiao Te Sheng" records an article that is said to be written by Shennong. Shi Yiqi's "Wax Ci":
The earth turns against its house. The water returns to its valley.
Do not use insects. Grass and trees belong to their homes.
Based on the literal meaning, this ballad is obviously a prayer to the "Emperor of Heaven" by the working people at that time because they were unable to overcome floods, droughts and insect pests, hoping that disasters would not harm crops and that everyone could live a comfortable life. life.
Divinations are words carved on oracle bones from the Yin and Shang Dynasties. They are called "divinations" because they are used to predict good and bad luck through religious witchcraft. Among the inscriptions that have been sorted out, there are also records that resemble poetry:
Today it rains. Does it rain from the west? It rains from the east? It rains from the north? It rains from the south?
Judging from the content of these inscriptions, they are not only complete in text, but also have very obvious meanings. From the perspective of expression, it basically has the form of poetry. If we compare it with the Yuefu folk song "Lotus Picking Song" of the Han Dynasty, we have more reason to say that it is a poem:
Lotus can be picked in the south of the Yangtze River, and there are fields of lotus leaves.
Between the fish-playing lotus leaves:
The fish-playing lotus leaves are to the east, the fish-playing lotus leaves are to the west, the fish-playing lotus leaves are to the south, and the fish-playing lotus leaves are to the north.
It should be noted that when we say that poetry originated from productive labor and religion, it does not mean that the two are separated from each other and unrelated; on the contrary, the relationship between them is very close. of. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period Ancient Music Chapter" has this record:
For the music of the Xigetian family, three people played the oxtail and sang eight pieces: one is called "Zai Min", the other is "Xuan" "Birds", the third is "Sui Cao Mu", the fourth is "Feng Wu Gu", the fifth is "Jingtian Chang", the sixth is "Da Di Gong", the seventh is "Yidi De", the eighth is "The Ultimate of All Beasts".
The specific content of the eight poems mentioned here has been lost, but judging from the names of these eight poems, they are not only directly related to productive labor, but also closely related to the religious superstition of the time.
Especially the lyrics with names like "Jingtian Chang" and "Yidi De" obviously reflect people's emphasis on natural conditions (such as climate, soil, etc.) and have strong religious superstition. color.