Read Du Fu's Farewell and answer: What kind of social status did the first couplet and parallel couplet of this poem reflect at that time? What words can you see from it?

The first couplet takes "hate farewell" and points out the theme of homesickness and worrying about the country. "Four thousand miles", hate being far from home: "five or six years", long-term injury to war. Personal suffering experience and national hardship are all reflected in these quantifiers. In the spring of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), the poet left his hometown, Luoyang, and returned to China to join the army. Soon, he abandoned his official guest, Qin Zhou, and lived in the same valley, traveling 4,000 miles to Chengdu. When the poet wrote this poem, it was five or six years since the Anshi Rebellion broke out in November in the 14th year of Tianbao (755). In the past few years, the rebels have ravaged all parts of the Central Plains, causing endless pain and rivers of blood, which is the poet's deep concern.

Zhuan Xu describes the poet's exile in Shu. "All plants and trees are decaying" comes from Song Yu's Nine Arguments. Here refers to the ups and downs of vegetation, inheriting the "five or six years" of the previous sentence, suggesting that it has been in Shu for many years, and at the same time echoing the "old" of the next sentence, which is darker than itself. When the poet came to Chengdu, thanks to the help of relatives and friends, he lived a relatively stable life in the thatched cottage, but he never forgot his homesickness and love for his loved ones. Because of the "military blockade", he could not return to his hometown and had to live on the edge of Jinjiang. The word "old" on the "old riverside" is sad and gloomy and inexhaustible.

To appreciate this poem, one should pay attention to the expressive effect of refined words, and the other should pay attention to the implicit implication of expression, which contains feelings in the description and narration of images. On the one hand, the words "farewell" and "long drive" in the first couplet and "decline" and "old" in the couplet show the arrogance of the rebels, on the other hand, they also show the poet's helplessness, sadness and haggard experience in the Anshi Rebellion. By describing the life details of "sleepless at night, worrying but not normal" (detailed notes in Du Shaoling Collection), the Neck Couplet expresses the deep feelings of homesickness and missing my brother in a tortuous way. The words "homesickness" and "missing my brother" in these two sentences are intertextual, which euphemistically and tortuous express the infinite feelings of missing my loved ones and highlight the "hate farewell" in the title. Commenting on this couplet, Shen Deqian said: "If we talk about how to think and how to remember, things will be easy. Both Step on the Moon and Look at the Clouds are wonderful. "This means that it is not an abstract sentiment, but through concrete and vivid images, let readers realize the sadness contained in the image itself. The technique is ingenious and poetic.