There are two poems written by Du Fu to Li Bai, the first is a five-character ancient poem, and the second is a seven-character quatrain. Its original text is as follows:
Five gifts for Li Bai in ancient times
During my two years in Dongtu, the witty things I experienced were the most annoying. Barbarians are often not satisfied with fish and vegetables.
Can't I eat a clean meal and make a better-looking face? I think the most difficult thing is the lack of elixir. In this deep forest, it seems to be swept with a broom, and there is not even a trace of medicine.
You, a famous person in the imperial court, escaped from the Golden Horse Gate and went alone to find the secret. I'm leaving Dongducheng to visit Song Liang, and I'll definitely visit you then.
Li Bai's four musts
Qiu Lai is very concerned about him, but he is not ashamed of Ge Hong for cinnabar.
Crazy songs, empty life, who is domineering?
Translate for Li Bai:
Li Bai's four musts
When we leave in autumn, we look at each other and float around like a flying canopy. I am really ashamed that Ge Hong, an alchemist in the Western Jin Dynasty, did not seek immortality. Drinking and singing happily every day is a waste of time. Who is a hero like you for?
Five gifts for Li Bai in ancient times
During my two years in Du Dong, my wit and dexterity were the most annoying. I am a folk living in the countryside, but I don't eat rotten beef and mutton, even coarse grains are often underfed. Can't I eat green rice to make my face look good? I feel that the most difficult thing is the lack of medicine (raw materials) for refining elixir. In this deep forest, it seems that I swept it with a broom, and there are no traces of medication. You, an outstanding figure in the imperial court, left Jinmamen alone to live in seclusion. I'm leaving Du Dong for Song Liang, and I'll definitely visit you then.
Interpretation of Li Bai's Ci:
Guest, living in a foreign country. Calendar, after that. Dislike, dislike. Smart, witty, and dexterous. Customs are hard to live. Du Dong in Sui Dynasty was abandoned in 62 1 year (the fourth year of Tang Wude). In 628 AD (the second year of Tang Zhenguan), it was named Luoyang Palace, and in 657 AD (the second year of Tang Xianqing), it was renamed Dongdu.
If it smells like fish, it stinks. Herbivores belong to cattle and sheep. Aquarium people say fishy, which belongs to fish and turtles. Yes, yes, the enemy.
No, don't. No, no, green rice, Tao's secret recipe for seclusion: "Tai Chi is really a young man who can eat (fast) rice." Use the leaves and stem skins of southern candelilla with dew, boil the juice, soak the rice and steam it, so that the rice will be blue-green, dry it in the sun, steam it three times, and steam it with the juice of the leaves every time. You can eat two liters of food a day that doesn't replenish blood, fill your stomach and marrow, and eliminate the three worms. Long-term service can prolong life and benefit the face. " Xun Xun (Xun Xun), bird rice.
Pain, feeling difficult because of a certain situation. Great doctor, Taoist elixir. Green essence is not as good as a big doctor, sighing that there is no skill to avoid the world and introduce the year.
Golden boudoir, another name for Golden Horse Gate, also refers to the feudal court. Yan, the laudatory name of an old scholar. Biography of Kong Anguo: "Beautiful as a face." To seek seclusion is to seek seclusion.
Yao grass, fairy grass, also refers to rare grass. Han Dong Fang Shuo wrote to a friend: "Don't let the name of the dust net be locked, laugh heartily, take off ten continents and three islands, pick up Yao grass and swallow the essence of the sun and the moon, and sigh lightly."
Floating crowns, herbs, leaves like willow leaves, small white flowers, withered roots in autumn, floating in the wind. Therefore, it is often used to describe the erratic movements of people. At that time, Li Bai and Du Fu were both frustrated in their official careers, wandering together and homeless, so they took the floating canopy as a metaphor.
Not successful, not successful. Cinnabar is cinnabar. Taoism believes that refining sand into medicine can prolong life. Ge Hong, a Taoist priest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, went to Luofushan for alchemy. Li Bai, a good fairy, once made an alchemy by himself, and studied under the high school (a kind of initiation ceremony). Du Fu also crossed the Yellow River and went to Wuwangshan to visit Taoist Hua Gaijun, but he was disappointed because Hua Gaijun was dead. Both of them failed to learn Tao, so they said they were "ashamed of Ge Hong".
Domineering, unconventional, wild and unruly. It is used as a commendatory term here.
Give Li Bai background:
Five gifts for Li Bai in ancient times
This is the earliest poem that Du Fu gave to Li Bai. In 744 AD (the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Du Fu was in the East Capital (Luoyang), and Li Bai was released to the East Capital on the grounds of Gao Lishi's false accusation. This is a gift of poetry, so it is just the right time, so there is a sentence to get rid of Mrs. Kim.
Li Bai's four musts
In the early summer of 744 AD, Du Fu and Li Bai, who had just been given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, met in Luoyang and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In 745 AD (the fourth year of Tianbao), they went to Zhao Qi together, and they went hunting together, wrote poems and papers, and became brothers. This autumn, Du Fu and Li Bai broke up in Luxian County (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province), and Du Fu wrote this poem as a gift. In the poem, they lamented that they were wandering and learned nothing. The word "binge drinking" is not only an exhortation to friends, but also a warning to yourself. This is serious and sincere, which shows the sincerity of their friendship. This is the earliest quatrain in Du Fu's existing poems. Du Shi Jing Quan quoted Jiang Wei in six words: "It's a portrait of Bai Yisheng. The public gives the most white poems, and this poem is the simplest and enough. "
Gift for Li Bai:
One is a five-character ancient poem, in which the author expresses his dislike of city life and his envy of seclusion in the mountains;
The second song is a seven-character quatrain. In this poem, the author laments his frustration and hesitation, and pities Li Bai's heroism but his talent is not obtained.
Li Bai appreciates:
Five gifts for Li Bai in ancient times
This five-character ancient poem "To Li Bai" was written by Du Fu in 744 AD (the third year of Tang Tianbao). This poem is divided into two paragraphs, the first eight sentences are one paragraph and the last four sentences are one paragraph. In the first paragraph, there are eight self-narratives, expressing disgust for the city and admiration for the mountains and forests. In the second paragraph, give Li Bai and Li Bai four sentences, indicating that he wants to remain anonymous. In 744 AD, Li Bai was enshrined in the Hanlin by imperial edict, and was slandered by Gao Lishi, who returned the gold. Li Bai said to the parrot, "It is an escape to put down your feathers and bid farewell to the Golden Palace." That year, Li Bai was knighted by Gao. At the same time, he is the prince of Gai Hua, and he is hiding in Mount Wu. Therefore, it is said that "it is quiet from things."
Li Bai's four musts
This poem was written in the autumn of 745 AD. At this time, Li Bai was rejected by traitors, and he traveled to Qilu in Kyoto and met Du Fu. This autumn, Li Bai also wrote the poem "Send Du Lujun to the East Shimen". The poem says, "The flying canopy is thousands of miles away, and the cup is in your hand." The poet's deep feelings of parting were revealed from the stream. This can draw lessons from Du Fu's poem "Qiu Lai cares about him and is still floating". Returning the money to Li Bai, I was glad to meet Du Fu in Shandong, and I had the same bumpy experience, so I felt the same.
On the surface, this poem seems as if Du Fu is trying to persuade Li Bai to concentrate on alchemy and seek immortality like Taoist Ge Hong, not to waste time by drinking crazy songs, and why he should be bossy and dominate others. In fact, this poem by Du Fu has a moral: Li Bai despises powerful people, leaves in a hurry and is reduced to exile. Although he drinks crazy songs every day, he is not appreciated by the rulers; Although the heart is full of men, but why dominate? Although there are talents who help the world, how to display them? Du Fu's admiration is full of emotion and sadness. So he complained about his resentment, and even put forward a seemingly complaining inquiry in a rhetorical tone, but it was unfair. His feelings are not only for Li Bai, but also for himself.
This poem shows a crazy word and a proud word. Proud and rough, this is Du Fu's portrayal of Li Bai. In A Gift for Li Bai, the arrogance, strength and tolerance are highlighted, and Li Bai's spirit and oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to a high official? This is the poetic eye and essence of this poem. It is not only in line with Du Fu's other poems praising Li Bai, but also vividly reveals Li Bai's character and temperament.
This seven-line poem is gloomy, cadence and ups and downs. The last sentence uses a rhetorical tone to push the whole poem to a climax. When commenting on this poem in the early Qing Dynasty, Qian only paid attention to the sentence of "bossiness", and the rest were generalized, which was eye-catching and showed its important value in the whole poem: "Charming, good at vertical and horizontal skills. Without Ren Xia, there are several people with hands and blades, so the talents are domineering. Clouds fly all their lives. Old notes are ridiculous. " (Volume 9 of Zhu Qian Du Fu's Poems) is intended to praise Li Bai's chivalrous spirit from a new angle and side, and highlight the flying nature of "bossiness". Autumn notes the cloud: "Fly, float. Domineering, strong beam. On Shuo Wen: Hu and Wei Ye. Hey, the jumping of the Judas fish is also its tail. " (Detailed Explanation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume 1) Although this is a sentence annotation, it is used to symbolize Li Bai's bold spirit in To Li Bai.
This poem is concise and full of charm. In order to strengthen the rhythm and momentum of the whole poem cycle, we should be "crazy" against "crazy song" and "flying" against "domineering"; And "Drunk Crazy Song" and "Flying Around", "Living Empty" and "For Who" are opposites. This formed a flying atmosphere, further highlighting Li Bai's lofty sentiments and wildness.
About the author:
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty, and was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. He and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu was born in a family of "serving Confucianism and guarding officials" for generations, with profound family knowledge. The early works mainly show the ideal, ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, it shows his political ideal of "respecting the monarch and following it, and then making the vulgar pure". Many works in this period reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. Since then, he has embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people. With the increasingly corrupt politics in the later period of Tang Xuanzong, his life became increasingly impoverished and disappointed. During his wandering life, Du Fu created such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu. It shows the sadness of the author's inner wandering.