Philippe tommaso Mariti (1876— 1944) is an Italian literary theorist, writer and founder of futurism. Born in a lawyer's family, he studied in Paris in 1893, and was widely exposed to and deeply influenced by French modernist literature and art. 1894 Return to Italy. 19 13 Travel to Russia to promote futurism. 19 19 participated in the activities of the Italian fascist party, 1942 went to the Soviet union with the Italian invading army, and 1944 died of illness. In terms of creation, his early works are mainly symbolic poems written in French, including Old Sailor (1897), Conquering the Planet (1902) and Destruction (1904). Later, I mainly wrote futuristic dramas, such as The King of Gluttony (1905) and Here They Come. His novel The Futurist Mafaka (19 10) depicts the image of "future man".
In terms of literary theory, he published the Declaration of Futurism in 1909, and used the term Futurism for the first time. Later, the Manifesto of Futurism Literature (19 10), the Manifesto of Futurism Literature Techniques (19 12) and Futurism and Fascism (19 14) were successively published. His aesthetic view of literature and art mainly includes the following points: (1) Creating "the art of the new future". He believes that futurism is a modern spirit, and literature and art should explore the future, create "new art of the future", and completely innovate the content and form of literature and art to make it suitable for expressing the speed, violence, intense movement, sound and four-dimensional space of modern mechanical civilization. Due to the scientific development in the 20th century, high-speed industrialization and urbanization have become the new content of modern life. (2) "Abandon all artistic heritage and existing culture". With fearless rebellious spirit and "in line with the anti-academic, anti-cultural and anti-logical world outlook", he proposed to destroy museums and libraries and abandon all cultural heritage. At the same time, he also believes that war, violence and terror are beneficial to this. (3) Speed is beauty. He said: "A novel beauty makes the world great and magnificent, and that is the beauty of speed." Therefore, "future art" should focus on sports and praise the speed, strength and technology related to sports. He believes that literature and art can no longer express static beauty, but should pay attention to the sense of expression and movement, and praise the "beauty of speed" and enterprising movement. (4) the performance of "concurrent mood". He believes that the future art should show the "modernity" and "concurrent mood" that people have in modern industrial social life. Through his unique aesthetic prism, he artistically shows the essence of life, expresses delusional feelings, messy imagination, mysterious dreams, morbid consciousness and so on.
Marinetti's literary aesthetics can be said to be reactionary. His ideological foundation is mainly the philosophy of Nietzsche and Bergson, and he preaches militarism and colonialism. His theory and creation show the depravity of bourgeois literature and art in the imperialist era. In artistic expression, although he has made a breakthrough in traditional artistic techniques, he opposes realism and attempts to express the so-called anxiety and morbid emotions of future newcomers trying to break through reality with words that violate language norms and even chaotic simulated sounds and boring mathematical symbols, which is not desirable.