Prose title: Comparison between Li Bai and Zhuangzi
Keywords: Comparison between Zhuangzi and Li Bai
Prose category:
Source of composition: /sanwen
?"Tao follows nature" is the main purpose of Taoism, and "following nature and valuing truth" is the essence of Zhuangzi's thought. Li Bai's work "Hibiscus emerges from clear water, and the natural carvings are removed" is the most appropriate interpretation of Taoist thought. ?As a young man, Li Bai loved to make Taoist friends, travel to the Immortal Mountains, and live in seclusion. Li Bai's bold and romantic character is related to his origin, wandering, and more importantly, his preferences. Although people now have no way of verifying what books Li Bai liked to read when he was young, judging from his character and the style of his poetry, he preferred Zhuangzi. Although he admired the heroic spirit of a swordsman, he was inextricably linked to Zhuangzi's aura of being at ease in the four extremes, overlooking the world, letting his spirit travel freely, and letting his soul gallop. The romanticism in Li Bai's poems, such as "The water flies down three thousand feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen from the sky" is the same as Zhuangzi's "The water hits three thousand miles, and the one that surges up ninety thousand miles" in Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyaoyou" has the same meaning! They are proud, majestic, full of imagination and fantasy, and bring readers almost the same profound and magnificent artistic conception. Volume 12 of Dongfang Shu's "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan" says: "Apparently Taibai's poems are as wonderful as Zhuang's poems. The meanings are not connected to the words, and the thoughts are unprovoked, just like the white clouds in the sky. They curl up, fade and appear, and have no final form." Li Bai's poems have no fixed form. , the length is not limited, the format is not limited, it can be swayed freely, like breathing in and out of the clouds, and it will stop as soon as it goes. It is at the mercy of oneself, as one wishes, heartily. Liu Xizai said in "Art Summary and Poetry Summary": "Taibai's poems take "Zhuang" and "Sao" as their main sources." Gong Zizhen said: "Zhuang and Qushi cannot be combined. They are combined into the heart, and since Baishi Confucianism, immortality, and chivalry cannot be combined. If they are combined together, they are qi. Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty also said: "Zhuang Zhou and Li Bai are poets who are better than writers." If the writing is not perfect, it cannot be a god, but the god cannot be achieved without craftsmanship." ["Yang Sheng'an Waiji"] Gu Gong also said in "Xiyuan Cumulus": "The writing reaches Zhuang, and the poetry reaches Taibai. From cursive script to Huai Su, all the names are so-called strange. There are laws to follow, but strange things cannot be solved by gods." This shows the unique and unique characteristics of Zhuang Zhou and Li Bai. ?The works of Zhuangzi and Li Bai have the same characteristics in five aspects: rich and fantastic imagination, bold and arbitrary exaggeration, straightforward, simple but bold and unbridled language, otherworldly artistic conception, profound thoughts or Ironic and spicy strokes (see Appendix 2). ?Imitation is inevitable between master and disciple; reappearance is destiny. Li Bai's poetry was greatly influenced by the style, language features and artistic conception of Zhuangzi's articles. It is an obvious teacher-student relationship that no one has explained, but it should be more of a subtle reappearance. ? Passionate poets and philosophers use their poems and prose to exile their spirits in the endless sky, allowing their nature to exist naturally and liberated between heaven and earth, getting rid of all restraints and fetters, hoping for a better world. Come, I hope that the world will wake up, so that the atmosphere of war, strife, injustice and filth will disappear, and the world will be restored to clarity, the world will be restored to beauty, and the human heart will be restored to purity. Li Bai's "contemplation into the sky" and "a bottle of life and death" are closely related to Zhuangzi's "materialization" and "freedom". They are also concrete manifestations of Taoism's tranquility, forgetfulness and mental fasting. Let’s start with Li Bai’s spiritual wanderings. ?Li Bai’s wandering should have started before he was twenty years old. Because there is evidence from his own poems: he not only "viewed wonderful books for fifteen years and wrote poems about Ling Xiangru" but also "traveled to immortals for fifteen years" and "had good swordsmanship for fifteen years." However, for the true meaning of wandering, it should be in the twenties After he was 18 years old, he began to roam in his hometown [Sichuan] and visited many famous fairy mountains, such as Qingcheng Mountain, Emei Mountain, etc. Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan is a famous Taoist land, and Mount Emei also gives people a sense of fairyland. Therefore, Li Bai, who likes to "travel to the gods", prefers to travel to some fairy mountains and fairyland that are closely related to Taoism in legends. "If we meet riding a sheep, we will join hands to ride the sun" ["Climbing Mo Mei Mountain"]. This is Li Bai's formal wandering. Li Bai is more of a spiritual wanderer. We can call this optimal state "free wandering" and "purposeless strolling". Its potential purpose is to let the mind fly, transcend reality, be leisurely and comfortable, and realize the truth. Li Bai's wandering spirit is embodied in three outstanding characteristics of Li Bai's poems, namely, he likes to write drunkenly, and he likes to write about the moon and water. ?What we see from Li Bai's poems is a poet in spiritual exile, a soul that is not completely bound by the world. The greater the power of repression, the stronger the explosive power. In fact, Li Bai was depressed and melancholic. Like Zhuangzi many years ago, in order to get rid of his depressed and melancholy mood, he put his beautiful hopes into words, thus achieving a certain degree of spiritual freedom. Therefore, the work has become a kind of sustenance and a kind of dream. Why does Li Bai particularly like to write about the moon? Because the moon is beautiful and distant, although it can be seen, it cannot be understood. The moon is a symbol of the melancholy component of Li Bai's character, and it is also the best destination for Li Bai's spiritual wandering. Legend has it that Li Bai died fishing for the moon in the Yangtze River. Although it is a legend, it shows that Li Bai loved the moon very much. Li Bai's description of the moon is more famous in "Drinking Alone under the Moon": "A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any blind date. Raising glasses to the bright moon, facing the shadow, we become three people." In addition, "We are all enjoying the joy of relaxation, strong thoughts and flying thoughts." , I want to go up to the blue sky and embrace the bright moon.
"["Xie jumped off the building to bid farewell to the school secretary Shu Yun on duty"]; "From the foot of Bishan Mountain at dusk, the mountain moon follows people back home. "["Qianzhongnan Mountain Passes Husi Mountain and People Stay and Buy Wine"]. The moon has become the spiritual destination of the poet's life, "I have an eternal house, Songyang Yunv Peak. A piece of moon remains for a long time, hanging on the Dongxi pine. "["Sending Yangshan People Back to Songshan"]; the moon is also his best friend: "The moon doesn't know how to drink, and its shadow only follows me." , my dancing shadows are scattered", "we make love together when we are awake, but we are separated when we are drunk", "we will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in Yunhan. "This last sentence just explains the real reason why Li Bai and the moon are friends, that is, Li Bai's wandering complex. His best wish is to be able to be with the bright moon, roaming in the sky, free, unrestrained, comfortable and unrestrained. There is another poem It can prove Li Bai's wish to travel with the bright moon: "The poplar flowers have fallen away, and the hooves have fallen, and I heard that the dragon has crossed the five streams." I send my sorrowful heart to the bright moon, and follow the wind to the west of the night. "["I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left to Longbiao, there is this message from afar"], unless the mind is quiet to a certain state, it is impossible to have a "dialogue between man and moon" and interact with each other. Therefore, Li Bai's preference for the moon in his poems is the poet's predilection for the moon. The most powerful expression of banishing the soul and advocating spiritual freedom is also the state expressed in Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyaoyou" and "Qiwu Lun": quietness, freedom, and swimming in the infinite wilderness? When the poet cannot take the initiative to be quiet to a certain extent. When the poet reaches a certain state, he will use a catalyst to catalyze himself to an ideal mysterious and empty state. For Li Bai, this catalyst is wine. Only Du Kang's drunkenness should be said to be the reason why he forgets his worries. One of the main ways of his spiritual wandering. His drunkenness should be equivalent to Zhuangzi's "Zhai Zhai" and "Sitting in Forgetfulness". Writing while drunk is a major feature of Li Bai's poems: "I went to Jiang Zushi alone with a bottle of wine." ", "Since the heaven and the earth opened, how many thousands of feet longer have they been?" "Raise your glass and smile to the sky, and the sky will return and the sun will shine in the west. "I will always sit on this stone and fish in Yanling." "Drunk Li Bai reminds you of Zhuangzi who was fishing by the lake?" Riding on the moon in joy, he entered the restaurant in the west. Unconsciously, I forget both the characters and am outside the world. "["Miscellaneous Topics"]. In Li Bai, who was often drunk and often in a drunken state, can you see the "gold mean" and "the beauty of harmony" advocated by Confucianism? Many of Li Bai's good poems are from He was written when he was drunk, so his poems were all created in a state of spiritual freedom. But why did Li Bai get drunk so many times and was willing to get drunk? It was because he could only achieve what Zhuangzi provided with the help of drunkenness. That state: emptiness and spirituality. The most powerful way to determine which school a writer belongs to or what he leans towards is his way of life. If Li Bai is very inclined to Confucianism, then he is. One must always keep a clear head so that he can do what he should do in an orderly manner, because Confucianism once said: "Strange power confuses the spirit. "But this is not the case. The pictures about Li Bai that have been circulated to this day are either drunk or inviting the moon, which shows that Li Bai lives in an unconscious state most of the time. A gift poem can best explain the problem. And this kind of unconsciousness However, Li Bai gave the world the most beautiful and exquisite works, and left people with a famous line that has been passed down through the ages: "If you don't see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, and it rushes to the sea and never returns." Back. Don’t you see, the bright mirror in the high hall has blank hair, and it looks like blue silk in the morning and snow in the evening. "If you are proud of life, you must have all the joy, and don't let the golden bottle stand empty against the moon." My talents are destined to be useful, and I will return to the Song Dynasty after all my money is gone. "It is really completed in one go, with sonorous music and extraordinary momentum. The Yellow River in the poem "rushes to the sea and never returns", which is also the fulfillment of Li Bai's wandering wish. Zhuangzi once said: "The drunk man has a complete spirit." Li Bai's spirit is his spirit, that is, If you pay attention to Li Bai's poems, you will find that in addition to his love for the moon and drunkenness, he also particularly likes to write about the flow of water and the magnificence of water. Yes, water is happy, and water can flow freely in Li Bai's writings. Although the poet also writes about water in lakes, small marshes, creeks, and small ponds, he does not write as much about rivers, rivers, and especially waterfalls, because they are trapped. There is no freedom in the water. The water in Li Bai's works is the water of big rivers and spectacular waterfalls. It is fierce, magnificent, unrestrained, and carefree. From this, we can't help but think of Zhuangzi's "Autumn Water". When the autumn water comes, hundreds of rivers flow into the river, and the Jingliu River is so big that there are no cattle or horses between the two Aizhu cliffs. "The bright moon, wine, and water should be regarded as the three representative images of Li Bai's poems, and they are also the inevitable channels for Li Bai's spiritual exile.
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