Kan Kan cut sandalwood, the river dried up, and the river was clear and rippling. No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county in Hu Zhaner's court? He is a gentleman, he is not a vegetarian!
Kan Kan is spreading, the river is flowing, and the river is clear and real. No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting, is there a special county in Hu Zhan's court? He is a gentleman, and he is not a vegetarian!
Kan Kan cut the wheel, the river flows, the river is clear, and the river is destroyed. No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county quail in Huzhanerting? He is a gentleman, but he is extraordinary!
There is also a famous song, selling charcoal Weng.
Bai Juyi
An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round.
His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black.
What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth.
Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder.
At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market.
Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.
Who is that proud man riding on two horses? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.
The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace.
A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way.
Half a horse's red yarn is a silk, which is filled with charcoal to the cow's head.
There are also Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", which are the abbreviations of Xin 'an official, Tongguan official, Shi Haoguan, marriage farewell, resignation and homelessness. These six poems were written by Du Fu in a planned and arranged way in March, 759, the second year of Gan Yuan. In March of that year, 600,000 troops of the Tang Dynasty were defeated by Yecheng, and the national situation was very critical. In order to quickly replenish troops, the rulers implemented an unrestricted, unorganized and inhuman policy of the Royal Air Force. Du Fu witnessed these phenomena with his own eyes and wrote these six poems with contradictory and painful feelings. This war is different from the belligerence in Tianbao period, and it is an effort to save the country and survive. Therefore, Du Fu, while profoundly exposing the darkness of military service, cursed "the end of heaven and earth is ruthless" and at the same time had to support this kind of military service; He not only sympathized with the people's sufferings, but also had to comfort and encourage those immature "middle-aged men" to go to the front with tears. Under the unbearable cruel oppression of the people, the wife advised her husband and mother to send their children to the battlefield one after another, and some elderly women even gave their lives. While exposing the cruelty of the ruling class, Du Fu praised the broad masses of the people with infinite sympathy and gratitude. "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells" have different expressions. The so-called "three officials narrate with questions and answers, and three farewells are purely between the sender and the traveler." In Three Officials, Du Fu himself appeared because of the question and answer. In "Three Farewells", Du Fu did not appear, because the whole story is a monologue of the characters. From the literary origin, Three Officials and Three Farewells inherited the styles of The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu, inspired Bai Juyi's new Yuefu, and were the pinnacle of Du Fu's realistic creation.
Seeking to Write Poems about the Suffering Life of the Ancient People: Du Fu's Three Officials and Three Farewells
Three officials: Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official.
Three farewells: newly married, homeless, and farewell.
I remember/kloc-when I was 0/2 years old, my family was too poor to open a pot. Watching a family go hungry makes my heart explode. I will use labor to relieve the threat of hunger.
Pingxiang coal mine is surrounded by high mountains. In the deep mountains in the northeast, the coal mine is close to the ground. There are earth coal mines everywhere. The earth's coal mines depend entirely on manual mining. The kiln owner chooses a place at will and digs an inclined hole, even a coal kiln. Workers can't even stretch their waist when they go in and out. They climbed in to dig coal like dogs and dragged coal out of the kiln like dogs.
It also depends on manpower to transport coal from the mountains to other places. Porters carried coal to the station one after another.
I see poor children older than me are picking coal, and I'm going to earn a few small money myself.
I talked to Xiao Zhao, who played with me since childhood, and asked him to take me there.
Xiao Zhao cocked his head and looked at me from left to right. He smiled and said, "Come on! You can transport coal, too? Like a thin monkey, don't let the pole crush you! "
"I have great strength. Do not believe, let's try wrestling! "
"I won't wrestle with you. Leave if you want, and get up early tomorrow! "
If you are going to mine coal, you must leave at midnight. There are no lanterns or torches in my house. I ran to the mine motor room to find some used oil cotton yarn, rubbed some engine oil on the machine and tied it to a wooden stick, ready to light the road in the middle of the night.
Mother knows I'm going to collect coal, but she doesn't want to watch the children starve. She got up in the middle of the night and quietly walked me to the door. I made an appointment with Xiao Zhao and left in a hurry.
We climbed several mountains, passed through several Woods and reached the place where coal was mined. I don't know. It's too early. There's no one yet. The door of the small coal mine is tightly closed, there is no light inside, and everyone is sleeping.
There are two square tables under the eaves, which are used for bookkeeping and accounting in the kiln. I thought it was still before dawn, so I climbed onto the table and lay down. As soon as I close my eyes, I watch. I fell asleep and fell down at once, as if I had fallen into an abyss and was sore all over. It turned out that the table was dismantled and the clerk in the mine came to weigh the coal.
I got up and rubbed my arm, thinking that it is not easy to go out to work, and the poor will be bullied everywhere.
I really want to pick more and try, but if I can't pick it out, I will remove a little.
The clerk in the mine said impatiently, "if you don't choose, forget it." Stop it! "
I'll leave as soon as I see gasoline.
I walked on carrying coal, and at first I could keep up with others, but after less than a kilometer, I gradually fell behind. The shoulder pole hurts the shoulder, and the burden changes from the left shoulder to the right shoulder, and from the right shoulder to the right shoulder. Both shoulders can't bear it, so we have to stop and rest.
I don't know how to pick things to go. The more I rest, the more I want to rest. The more I rest, the more burdened I feel. Soon, I will climb the mountain again. There was no road in this mountain. The path that those people stepped on was extremely slippery, and the coal basket on their shoulders swayed back and forth like a swing.
Climbing up the mountain, it's already noon. I unbuttoned my shirt and saw that my shoulder was swollen and my skin was broken.
I got up my courage and still picked up the coal basket and walked forward. I accidentally tripped over a stone under my feet and fell halfway up the mountain. My arms and feet were scratched several times, and coal was scattered all over the floor.
The sun has set, and all the other coal miners have probably arrived at the station, leaving me alone on the barren hill two or three kilometers away from the station. Even if I choose a station, the coal collection station is closed. What should I do?
The swollen shoulder hurts like boiling water, and the wound on the leg can't stop bleeding, so I have to pick two empty baskets to go home.
I threw myself on the bed as soon as I entered the door and didn't want to move. Hunger and fatigue overwhelmed me.
Mother came over and asked softly, "What's the matter with you, son?"
I said that no one took the coal at the station and threw it halfway up the mountain. My mother brought me foot washing water with tears in her eyes.
I'm afraid my mother will be sad when she sees my wound, and she won't go to the ground to wash her feet.
I said to my mother, "Mom, it doesn't matter. I'll pick it tomorrow. "
My mother asked me, "Have you eaten?"
I replied, "I'm not hungry."
The next morning, I drank wild vegetable porridge and went over mountains to pick coal. As soon as the pole was pressed on the swollen shoulder, cold sweat broke out on his head. I think we should hurry a few more steps before we run out of energy, so as not to spoil the accident by grinding until dark, so we will bite our teeth and carry this load of coal to the station down to earth.
Since then, I have embarked on a difficult life path.
Poems describing working life (two sentences) It was noon when weeding, and sweat dripped down the soil.
Du Fu's most famous poem describing the sufferings of working people is "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the bones on the road freeze to death". Of course, Du Fu is a great writer who cares about the country and the people. Many of his poems reflect the pain of people's lives, such as Three Officials and Three Farewells. See Complete Poems of Tang Poetry for details.
Who can provide an ancient poem describing the life of working people: blog. Sina .. /u/464E33C 40 10005op?
Appreciation of Li Bai's Antiques (Ⅱ)
Antique (Part 24) Li Bai
The cart flies dust, and the pavilion is black in the afternoon.
China is more expensive than gold, and Lianyun has a room.
He Huihe was dubbed cockfighting.
When the rainbow is dried in one breath, pedestrians are afraid.
There is no such thing as washing your ears, only Yao and your feet!
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Minnong
Li Shen
Weeding is at noon,
Sweat dripped down the soil.
Who knows the food on the plate,
Every grain is bitter.
The title of Du Fu's poem, which reflects the miserable life and fate of working people, is "Thank you".
What is the poem describing the sufferings of the working people in Shihao Guan? Before listening to his wife's speech: three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died.
Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead!
There is no one in the room, only grandchildren.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out.
Information on the sufferings of the working people in old China The transportation industry has made remarkable achievements.
National Bureau of Statistics1999-09-1814: 42: 56
-The tenth series of analysis reports of New China in the past 50 years.
The transportation industry in old China was very backward. During the 70-odd years from the establishment of China Merchants 1872 to the establishment of New China, the development of transportation was extremely slow, the equipment was dilapidated, animal-drawn carts and wooden sailboats were widely used, the traffic layout was unreasonable, and the vast mainland was generally in a very closed state. Since the founding of New China, the scale, quality and technical equipment level of China's transportation industry have undergone earth-shaking changes and made brilliant achievements. Especially the 20 years of reform and opening up have laid a solid foundation for the development of China's transportation industry to basically meet the needs of national economic and social development.
The transportation network continues to develop.
In the early days of the People's Republic of China, New China quickly repaired the damaged traffic arteries and resumed land, water and air traffic. Starting from 1953, traffic construction will be carried out in a planned way. According to the needs of national economic construction layout, expanding foreign economic and cultural exchanges and consolidating national defense, after 50 years of construction, transportation has developed greatly, and a comprehensive transportation network consisting of five modes of transportation: railway, highway, water transport, civil aviation and pipeline has basically formed.
First of all, the transportation line continues to extend.
After nearly 50 years of construction, the length of transportation lines has doubled. By the end of 1998, the total length of various transportation lines in China had reached 2.975 million kilometers, which was 5.4 times higher than that of 1949. Among them, the railway mileage was 57,600 kilometers, an increase of 1.6 times; Inland navigation mileage 1 1 10,000 kilometers, an increase of 40.3%; Highway mileage 1278500 km, an increase of 14.8 times; The mileage of civil aviation routes is 1.506 million kilometers, increasing by 1.32 times, of which the length of international routes has accounted for 33.5% of the total length of civil aviation routes, reaching 64 cities in 33 countries; Pipeline transportation is from scratch. At present, the oil and gas pipeline has reached 23 1000 km, and 90% of crude oil is transported through the pipeline.
Second, the layout of the transportation network has been greatly improved.
The transportation network layout in old China was extremely unreasonable. Railways and highways are concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and northeast areas, accounting for 56% of the land area in southwest and northwest areas, and the mileage of railways and highways only accounts for 5.5% and 24.3% of the whole country. There are no railways in Fujian, Guizhou, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet, so it is very inconvenient to travel. Over the past 50 years, with the completion of Chengdu-Chongqing, Baocheng, Sichuan-Guizhou, Guikun, Cheng Kun, Hunan-Guizhou, Xiangyu, Tianlan, Lanqing, Lan Xin, Baolan, Xia Ying, Jingjiu and Nankun, etc. 10, a national railway network centered on Beijing has basically taken shape. At present, the railway mileage in southwest and northwest regions has accounted for 24.0% of the whole country; Highway mileage has accounted for 30.0% of the whole country, which is not only connected to counties, but also to 98.7% towns and 87.7% administrative villages. Civil aviation transportation has gradually formed a domestic civil aviation network with Beijing as the center and connecting the whole country 138 cities.
Third, the quality of the traffic network has improved significantly.
While the transportation lines are continuously extended, the quality of the lines is also improving. 1998, China's railway double track increased from 867 km in 1949 to 19673 km, and the proportion of railway operating mileage increased from 4% in 1949 to 34.2%. In order to meet the increasing traffic demand, the rails of railway lines are also developing in the direction of heavy load. The proportion of track mileage for laying more than 50 kilograms of heavy-duty rails on the officially opened line has increased from 8.5% of 1949 to 9 1. 1% of 1998. The mileage of jointless track is 25,979 kilometers, accounting for 32.9% of the total mileage of railway lines. By the end of 1998, the mileage of electrified railways had accounted for 22.5%, which was 20.4 percentage points higher than that of 1978. The automatic blocking mileage of the railway is 2 1.042 km, and the semi-automatic blocking mileage is 4 1.360 km, which completely replaces backward manual blocking methods such as road signs and signboards. 87.5% of the stations are equipped with turnout electrical centralized devices, which has changed the backward decentralized manual operation mode.
1949, only 40% of the 80,800km expressways in China were paved, 1998, which has increased to 93%. In the late 1980s, China began to build expressways on a large scale. Although it started late, it developed rapidly. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the expressway developed from 522km at the end of the Seventh Five-Year Plan to 2 1, 4 1 km. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth of expressways exceeded 65,438+0,000 kilometers. 1By the end of 998, the expressway mileage reached 8733 kilometers, ranking seventh in the world. In a short period of ten years, it has completed the course that some western countries can complete in decades. In the inland navigation mileage, the proportion of barge with water depth of more than one meter has also increased from 32.9% in 1949 to 60.5% in 1998. There are 468 10,000-ton deep-water berths in major coastal ports 1998, 335 more than 1978.
The level of technical equipment has been significantly improved.
The modernization of various transportation equipment marks the establishment and development of modern transportation industry. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, about half of the freight volume was completed by human-powered animal-drawn vehicles and wooden sailboats, and among the freight volume completed in 1998, the freight volume completed by modern means of transportation accounted for more than 98%; Railway traction power is gradually changing from steam to internal combustion and electrification, and the number of diesel locomotives and electric locomotives has accounted for 86.4% of the total number of locomotives in 1998; Among railway freight cars, large vehicles with a load of 60 tons or more account for 97.8%, and the static load of railway freight cars has increased from 26.6 tons in 1950 to 57.6 tons in 1998; Civil transport ships, through continuous structural adjustment, have greatly increased the number of large and medium-sized ships, greatly improving the deadweight tonnage of ships. In 1998, there were 260,000 civil transport vessels in China, with a deadweight of 48 million tons, which were 0.6 times and 2 times higher than 1978 respectively. Ocean transportation has also developed rapidly. 1998, China's ocean-going fleet has a capacity of more than 24 million deadweight tons and can sail to 1200 ports in more than 70 countries and regions in the world. Container transportation developed rapidly in 1980s. 1998, the container throughput of China's ports reached 1 14 1 10,000 TEU, and Shanghai Port became one of the top ten container ports in the world. The throughput capacity of many ports is developing towards large-scale and specialization.
The traffic volume has increased steadily and the transportation structure has gradually improved.
In the past 50 years, with the strengthening of China's economic strength and the improvement of people's lives, the volume of passenger and cargo transportation completed by various modes of transportation has doubled. 1998, the passenger traffic reached137.7 billion, equivalent to the national average of 1 1.03, which was 29 times higher than that of 1950. 1978 completed 2.49 billion tons of freight, 0.5 times higher than 1950. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the social transportation volume increased greatly, and the total social freight volume reached126.4 billion tons in 1998, which was 4. 1 times higher than that in 1978. Among them, railways increased by 46.4%, highways and waterways increased by 10.5 times and 153. 1% respectively. With the increase of foreign trade and international exchange, the cargo throughput of major coastal ports has increased substantially, with the cargo throughput of 1998 reaching 922 million tons, 63 times higher than that of 1952.
With the steady growth of transportation volume, the transportation structure has been gradually improved. Railway transportation still plays an important role in large passages and trunk lines, and undertakes the transportation of medium-long distance and bulk goods, but its proportion in various modes of transportation begins to decline. The proportion of cargo turnover decreased from 54.4% in 1978 to 32.5% in 1998, and the proportion of passenger turnover also decreased from 1978 to 62.7%. The rapid improvement of transportation capacity of other modes of transportation has eased the pressure of railway transportation for a long time and greatly eased the situation of tight railway transportation capacity. The potential of highway, water transport and civil aviation has begun to play, and the proportion has been rising. The turnover of highway passenger transport increased from 29.9% to 56.3% in 1978, that of waterway freight transport increased from 38.4% to 510.3%, and that of civil aviation passenger transport increased from 1978.
Significant progress has been made in the reform of the transportation system.
Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the advancement of economic system reform, transportation has entered a new development period. Since 1980, the Ministry of Railways has successively implemented the system of enterprise capital withdrawal and profit retention for subordinate enterprises, and conducted pilot projects to increase profits for a few units. 1983 after the State Council implemented the after-tax profit growth and lump sum method, it overcame the disadvantages of "big pot rice", enhanced the vitality of enterprises and improved economic benefits. In the same year, according to the characteristics of railway transportation, 20 railway bureaus were merged into 12, which effectively strengthened centralized and unified command and traffic flow regulation, improved transportation efficiency and expanded transportation capacity. From 65438 to 0986, the State Council officially implemented the railway input-output economic contract responsibility system, which further accelerated the pace of new railways and the transformation of old lines, and achieved remarkable results.
In recent years, in order to adapt to the changes in market demand, the railway has made major adjustments to the production layout and transportation product structure, and stopped the passenger service at 10 16 station and the freight service at 433 stations, thus optimizing the production layout and resource allocation of railway transportation; At the same time, in order to meet the needs of the transportation market, the express train, the early train, the early train, the intercity train and the tourist train have been introduced in passenger transport. In cargo transportation, a series of quality service measures such as through train and express train have been introduced, which have played an important role in opening up the transportation market and expanding market share. In the new implementation diagram of 1998, the total number of pairs of railway passenger cars has increased to 1 108, including 80 pairs of express trains, an increase of 1 time compared with the original implementation diagram, and the number of early trains has increased from 64 pairs to 228 pairs, an increase of 2.5 times.
In the reform, the transportation department implements the separation of government from enterprise, simple administration and decentralization of enterprises, and gradually realizes the transformation from the main management enterprises to the whole industry management. The main coastal ports implement the principle of separating government from enterprises, dual leadership and giving priority to local governments. Decentralized port profits and taxes and infrastructure depreciation funds are all used to "support Hong Kong with Hong Kong", and the implementation of income to offset expenditure has enhanced the vitality of port self-development. Local transportation has also decentralized provincial enterprises to the level of central cities or cities and counties, expanding the autonomy of enterprises. At the same time, the transportation management institutions at the provincial, prefecture (city), county and township (district) levels have been initially improved, creating the necessary conditions for realizing the management of the whole industry.
With the relaxation of economic policies, the enthusiasm of the whole society to run transportation has been mobilized, and a prosperous scene of running transportation together with various economic components and modes of operation has emerged. At the end of 1998, the number of passenger and freight cars owned by individuals and households nationwide was 10000, an increase of 1984.1times, which has become an important part of social transport capacity. Professional transportation departments also actively correct their business ideas, change their business style, and carry out one-stop services of food, accommodation and transportation in passenger transport and one-stop services of production, transportation and sales in freight transport.
On the basis of the original regional administration, civil aviation has established six airlines, which have become independent accounting economic entities. The regional administration is only the * * * institution for the state to manage civil aviation, realizing the separation of government from enterprises. Change the civil airport into an independent enterprise, implement a charging system, and open it to all civil aviation enterprises and institutions to provide services.
After 50 years of development, especially after 20 years of reform and opening up, China's transportation industry has undergone profound changes. At present, except for some railway trunk lines and civil aviation hotspot routes, the transportation tension has obviously eased, which can basically meet the transportation demand. Transportation has also changed from the past closed and monopoly to openness and competition. Competition between modes of transport and within modes of transport has begun to form. Passengers and shippers have more choices of transportation modes and means, and competition has greatly improved the quality of transportation services.
Problems in progress and prospects for the future
In the past 50 years, the construction and production of transportation industry have gone through a tortuous road and made considerable achievements. Especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, with the comprehensive development and deepening of the economic system reform, a series of reforms have been carried out in the management system and business model, and obvious results have been achieved, and the production scale and transportation capacity have been improved to varying degrees. However, for a long time, transportation has lagged behind the development of the national economy, owing too much, and the transportation market still cannot meet the needs of economic construction and the development of the socialist market economy. Not only far behind developed countries, but also behind many developing countries.
1, the level of transportation organization and management is not high, and the operation of transportation enterprises is very difficult. Under the long-term planned economy system, it is difficult to organize an effective trans-regional and multimodal through train service system, which can not meet the needs of the ever-changing market economy development and also causes great difficulties for transportation enterprises. Due to the long-term low freight rate, the whole railway transportation industry has suffered losses in recent years; Highway and water transport enterprises cannot form a regional transportation network system, which leads to insufficient passenger and cargo supply in the region, high vacancy rate of vehicles and boats, increased transportation costs and serious losses for enterprises.
2. The existing transportation facilities and equipment still can't meet the needs of the rapid development of the national economy. Railway transportation equipment is backward, and the traffic volume completed by steam locomotives is still nearly one-fifth. About 40% of the railway lines over 50,000 kilometers are basically saturated, and passengers are overcrowded from time to time. The highway has not yet formed a trunk network. High-grade highways above Grade II only account for 9.5% of the national traffic mileage, and the proportion of such highways is as high as 20%. There are a large number of broken roads, and the flow of some highway sections exceeds the design capacity. The phenomenon that motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are mixed on the main roads is still very common. The loading and unloading capacity of the port does not match the transportation capacity, and the phenomenon of pressing the ship against the port sometimes occurs; Inland river ships are old and serious, and the navigation conditions of the waterway are poor, so it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of water transportation; The number of civil airports is small, and more than half of the cities with a population of more than 500,000 have no navigation.
With the development of China's national economy and society in the Ninth Five-Year Plan and 20 10 years, the future development goal of the transportation industry is: on the premise of basically ensuring the development needs of the national economy, passenger and cargo transportation will focus on solving the contradiction between Datong Road and trunk lines, with the main development direction of improving transportation efficiency, improving road conditions, strengthening security and improving service quality. Railway construction should actively promote the construction planning of China's high-speed railway system, give full play to the enthusiasm of local governments at all levels, and use foreign capital and joint ventures to speed up the construction of railway networks, especially high-speed railway networks. Highway construction will greatly improve the quality of existing highways, solve the contradiction of insufficient road capacity between large and medium-sized cities, deepen the reform of highway transportation enterprises, and form a large number of backbone transportation enterprises with high degree of specialization and cross-regional operation. Vigorously strengthen the construction of coastal and inland ports and improve the professional operation level of ports. The focus of air transportation is to transform existing airports and improve transportation safety and service level. While giving full play to the advantages of various modes of transportation, we will speed up the construction of an integrated transportation system and form a number of transportation corridors that integrate various modes of transportation and have strong capacity.
Looking back and looking forward to the future, the transportation industry is in a new development period. With the rapid development of China's transportation industry, it will certainly create very favorable conditions for realizing the modernization of the national economy and reaching a well-off level of people's life. Seize the opportunity, work hard, completely change the long-term backward and passive situation of transportation, basically meet the overall needs of national economic and social development, and lay a solid foundation for the further sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy.
I hope it helps you ~ ~ ~ ~ ~