Yu Xin was smart since he was a child and read widely, especially the Spring and Autumn Annals. He is eight feet tall, with a waist of ten, and his appearance is slow and informal, which is different from ordinary people.
In the first year of prosperous Datong (527), 15-year-old Yu Xin entered the palace to give lectures in the East Palace of Prince Xiao Tong until Xiao Tong died in Datong for three years (53 1). At this time, King Xiaogang of Jin 'an (Emperor Liang Jianwen) was made a prince, and Yu Xin's father, Yu Jianwu, was the illegitimate child of the prince, in charge of documents. Yu Xin, aged 19, also became a doctor in the East Palace. Father and son are in the East Palace, and their kindness and courtesy are unparalleled. He and Xu Ling are brilliant and gorgeous in writing, and are called "Yu Xuti" by the world. Scholars at that time and later scrambled to imitate his articles. Every article they wrote was read by the capital. Later, Yu Xin became the attendant of Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan, and was transferred to Annan House to join the army. Later, after many promotions, Yu Xin became a doctor and a member of Shangshu.
In the eighth year of Datong (542), Yu Xin became a bus driver in Yunzhou.
In the 11th year of Datong (545), Yu Xin served as a regular servant in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. His articles and speeches were highly praised by the summer night. After returning to Korea, Yu trusted the Bachelor of Oriental Palace and served as the Health Order.
In the second year of Taiqing (548), the "Hou Jing Rebellion" broke out, and Hou Jing, commander-in-chief of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, led an army to revolt. Xiao Gang ordered Yu Xin to lead more than a thousand civil and military officials in the palace to camp in Suzaku Hangbei. When Hou Jing arrived, Yu Xin quickly led the army to withdraw.
After the fall of Taicheng, Yu Xin fled to Jiangling and was appointed as the commander of the imperial army by Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan (Emperor Liang Yuan).
In 552 AD 1 1 month, Xiao Yi ascended the throne, and Yu Xin was transferred to the position of General Youwei, making him the marquis of Wu Kang county, and adding the title of Chang Shi to the riding team.
In April of 554, the third year of his holiness, Yu Xin was ordered to be sent to the Western Wei Dynasty. Shortly after he arrived in Chang 'an, the Western Wei occupied Jiangling and killed Xiao Yi. Yu Xin was therefore left in Chang 'an, and was appointed by the Western Wei Dynasty as an ambassador, a general of the government army, a doctor, you Jinguang Lu, and a viceroy. He was immediately promoted to general of chariots and horses and the third master of ceremonies.
After Emperor Yuwen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty ascended the throne, Yuxin was named Linqing County, with 500 restaurants and served as an underwater doctor. He became the chief of Hongnong County, and was promoted to the title of generals in ancient times, the Third Division of Kaifu Unification, Sixian Chinese Medicine, and the Hou of Yicheng County. Soon after, he was appointed as the Los Angeles Secretariat. Yu Xin is familiar with many laws and regulations in the old society, and his administration is simple and quiet, and the government and the people are at peace. The word praised it: "You can only fake thorns by hiding curtains, but officials dare not take bribes, and the people can't bear to be bullied. Going to welcome Guo Changchun, lying in focus, is worth Ricas. "
At that time, the Chen Dynasty made friends with the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and both the North and South people who had lived in other places were allowed to return to their hometown. Chen demanded the release of more than ten people, including Bao Wang and Yu Xin, while the Zhou Emperor Yu Wenyong only released Yin Buhai and kept Yu Xin and Bao Wang. Soon after, Yu Xin was recruited as a Chinese medicine practitioner.
Both Zhou Emperor Yu Wenyu and Wu Di Yu Yongyong loved literature, so they were very fond of Yu Xin. As for Yu Wenzhao in Wang Zhao and Wen Zi in Wang Teng, they all have sincere contacts with Yu Xin, just like the friendship of cloth and clothes. Most of the tombstones and epitaphs of the Northern Zhou Dynasty were written by Yu Xin. At that time, only Wang Baohe Yu Xin was an equal, and the rest of the literati were incomparable.
Miss Home Although Yu Xin is a powerful person, he often misses home, so he wrote "Mourning for Jiangnan" to express his feelings of missing.
In the early years of Zhou Jingdi's elephant (579-580), Yu Xin left his job due to illness.
In the first year of Kaiyuan (58 1), Yu Xin died at the age of 69. Deeply saddened, Emperor Wendi posthumously awarded Yu Xin his original post, and also awarded Jing Huai the secretariat of history (The History of the North is Yong), and his son established a hereditary title.
Yu Xin's literary creation is the main achievement of literature, which can be divided into two periods with his 42-year-old mission to the Western Wei Dynasty as the boundary. In the early period of Liang Dynasty, most of his works were palace-style, light and elegant, and full of beauty of words. After the Northern Dynasties' imprisonment, poetry and Fu both expressed a lot of homesickness and sadness about life experience, and their styles also changed into vigorous sadness.
earlier stage
Yu Xin lived in the Southern Dynasties in his early years, which happened to be the most stable stage of the establishment of the Liang Dynasty. In his "Mourning for Jiangnan", he described it as "nothing happened in the river for fifty years". His early poems were for the amusement of kings, and his thoughts were frivolous. His works in the Liang Dynasty, especially his poems and poems during his tenure in the East Palace from 65438 to 36, were mainly based on harmony and adaptation, and their themes basically exceeded the categories of flowers and birds, beautiful women, singing and dancing, boudoir and so on. For example, Dancing in Harmony, Offering Harmony in Early Autumn and Ode to Yuanyang belong to the same topic written by scholars around Xiao Gang. This kind of creative activity full of entertainment atmosphere requires the author not only to adapt to the interest of the court, but also to show his personal education and literary talent in social interaction. Yu Xin's "young and handsome, intelligent and peerless", coupled with his "extensive reading, especially Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period", made him quickly gain the same reputation as Xu Ling.
However, as a courtier of court literature, it is not easy to express personal beliefs or feelings. For example, Yu Xin has a poem "The Wind and the Floating Picture of Tongtai Temple", which is sung together with Xiao Gang's "The Floating Picture of Wangtongtai Temple". The devotion to Buddhism expressed in the poem actually focuses on the mood of the Crown Prince, and it is impossible to simply conclude that Yu Xin believes in Buddhism. This situation also applies to other literary attendants in the East Palace.
Because Xiao Gang and others were in charge of new changes, they influenced the creation at that time, broke the stereotypes and opened the way for the development of Tang poetry. Yu Xin's early works have made great contributions in this respect, such as the seven words and eight sentences in "Night Cry", which are sonorous in tone and basically conform to the level tone of rhythmic poetry. Another example is Ge Yanxing, which expands the system of seven-character ancient poems, not only lengthens the narrative space, but also changes the rhyme between sentences to rhyme according to the ups and downs of feelings. His early exploration of poetic forms is worth cherishing, and both Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty and Liu Xizai in Qing Dynasty recognized his role in it.
Yu Xin's accumulated literary experience in the Liang Dynasty includes not only the management of aesthetic forms, but also the understanding of aesthetic contents. Xiao Yi said: "Chanting wind ballads, lingering is the text." Yu Xin had a sentimental aesthetic interest in his early days, and expressed his sadness with colorful words. Yu Xin's later life experience fully realized this aesthetic pursuit, thus reaching an artistic realm higher than that of his contemporaries.
later stage
Because of the Hou Jing Rebellion, the Liang Dynasty was on the verge of collapse. Emperor Liang Yuan tried to revive in Jiangling, but soon died in the Western Wei Dynasty. Yu Xin was sent to Chang 'an as an envoy, but due to the fall of Jiangling, he could not return to the south. He worked in the Western Wei Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and served as a general in title of generals in ancient times and an official in charge of the court. According to Zhou Shu's biography, he "often wants to go to the countryside, although he is looking forward to it." His homesickness is a sad speech, which contains rich ideological content and deep feelings. His style is desolate and his art is more mature. Du Fu said in "The Play is Six Poems": "Yu Xin's articles are old and familiar, and his brushwork is vertical and horizontal"; He also commented on his "land where poetry stirred up the river in his later years" in "Bei Fu", which refers to this feature of his later works. Sentimentality and leading the country with the soul is an important aspect of his "homesickness thinking". Yu Xin was shocked by the changes in the country. "It has been a place for song and dance performances since ancient times, but today there is no place to go." This sense of vicissitudes made him more deeply realize that between personal destiny and national destiny, it is like "a running horse, without a hair moving;" A boat is covered, and it is all heavy. " Therefore, while expressing his personal pain of national subjugation, he can also reflect the people's sufferings with compassionate brushstrokes, and blame it on the infighting and idleness of those in power. Yu Xin, who has lived in the north for a long time, is eager to return to the south and look forward to the mountains and rivers of his old country. When I saw the Weihe River, I saw the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River: "Trees are like a new pavilion, sand is like Weilong Bay, and words are still singing. I want to return the sails." Suddenly seeing betel nuts will also evoke homesickness: "The green house is ripe and the purple ears are blooming. Don't talk about Wan Li, I have seen him once. " On the way to see Wang Lin off, Yu Xin couldn't help feeling sad after receiving a letter from an old friend in the south. The General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu praised Yu Xin's works after moving northward as "rich in content, full of emotion and literariness, full of yellow dialogue, relaxed in spirit and free to change". From the poem Send Wang Lin, we can see the author's superb art.
Sighing and hating about travel and worrying about life experience are another important aspect of his "homesickness thinking". Although he got "high officials and beautiful officials, and some of them even surpassed the old country" after moving to the north, he felt that he was tantamount to "advocating that his family was forced to hire, and the proton value still existed", and blamed his detention on "forgetting Chu and Cao, but eating Zhou Wei". His aversion to travel is intertwined with his anxiety about life. He used the image of "thinking when the water is dry, and being surprised when the forest is exhausted" to illustrate the powerlessness of personal survival. Yu Xin claimed that the poem "Mourning for the South of the Yangtze River" written in his later years was "not without danger and suffering, but mainly based on sadness", and Ni [commented] to show: "After Zi Shan entered the customs, the article was full of sadness and resentment, and he was not alone." It is the spiritual feature of Yu Xin's later literature.
His "Twenty-seven Poems of Singing Huai" expresses sorrow from many angles with the system of five-character poems, which directly inherits the lyric tradition of Ruan Ji's "Poems of Singing Huai", especially outstanding. For example, in No.7 Middle School, I borrowed a woman who lived in Alakazam and missed the Han Dynasty, and compared her hidden hatred for being an official in the north with her desire for the return of the south, which was sincere and touching. Another example is the worry he expressed in Article 18. This kind of worry is not only the disappointment and sadness about his unsuccessful career, but also the grief that he can't build great honor for his country, so he can't leave room for being dismissed or detached. In this poem, the four sentences of "waning moon" describe the scenery, and the sentence patterns are ingenious and clumsy, which can project the poet's unique state of mind and show the poet's meticulous brushwork.
The experience from south to north made Yu Xin's artistic attainments reach the height of "the victory of poor north and south", which is of typical significance in the history of China literature. Yu Xin learned from the rhythm and antithesis of Qi and Liang literature, accepted the vigorous style of northern literature, developed and enriched the aesthetic mood, and made necessary preparations for the formation of the new poetic style in Tang Dynasty.
When Yu Xin served as the secretariat of Luozhou in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, his administration was short and quiet, which made the officials and people get peace and made great achievements. In Preface to Yu Xin Ji, Wen Zi compared the popularity of Yu Xin Ji with that of Chen Guo and Likas, famous officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
His personal works "Yu Xin" and "Yu Kai Fu Ji" have been handed down from generation to generation, and were renamed "Fish Zi Shan Ji" in Qing Dynasty. In this version of Yuzishan collection, the four-series photocopying of the Ming Dynasty Dragon Slayer was the earliest. "Notes to the Concise Catalogue of the Four Supplements" said that there were Wang Ben in Ming Dynasty, with a total volume of 12; There is also a printed version of Zhu, which is only six volumes, with poems and no texts. In addition, there is Zhang Pu's 103 Books Collected in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, which is called Yu Kai Fu Ji. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Kejun recorded eleven volumes (Volume 8~ Volume 18) of his works in The History of Ancient Three Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Qin and Han Dynasties, Six Dynasties and Later Zhou Wen. Qi included his own poems in three volumes (2~ 4 volumes) in the Poems of the Northern Zhou Dynasty before Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Yu Xin is a figure in the history of China literature. No one can compare with Bao Zhao in the Northern Dynasties. At that time, there was a saying of "Yu Xu style". At that time, Xu Ling tied with it, but in fact, Xu Ling's performance was below it. Yu Xin is one of the prolific writers in the history of China literature, and he has made great achievements in poetry and prose.
His poems and Fu also occupy an important position in the history of China Fu. It is different from the Sao Fu of predecessors and the law Fu of later generations. In the Han Dynasty, he turned prose into parallel prose, which made Fu more formal and developed to a new stage. At the same time, Yu Xin also advocated the Tang people to write poems into Fu, which influenced the parallel prose of He Luo in the Tang Dynasty. Parallel prose flourished in the Six Dynasties, and Yu Xin was a master.
Yu Xin is the most famous poet who goes from south to north. He suffered the bitter life peculiar to the split era, but he achieved the literary achievement of "the poor north and the south win". His literary achievements show the prospect of the integration of North and South styles.
Yuwen Hu has commented in the past dynasties that the people in southern Yuwen Hu are filial to nature, in mourning and almost extinct. When I see them, I can't bear to look at them.
Wang Tong: Xu Ling and Yu Xin, who boasted in ancient times, celebrated their birthdays.
Li yanshou: (1) Since Datong, Liang has been lacking in refined morality, and has gradually followed the rules, striving for novelty and originality. Wen Jian (Xiao Gang) and Xiang Dong (Xiao Yi) started their lewdness, while Xu Ling and Yu Xin parted ways. Its meaning is shallow and complicated, its text is hidden and colorful, its words are light and dangerous, and its feelings are full and sad. Listen to Yanling, and cover the voice of national subjugation. (2) Wang Bao, Yu Xin, Yan Zhitui, Yu Shiqi, Liu \, Xu, Ming Kerang, Liu Zhen, Yu Chuo, etc. And they are very famous in the south, and they are also famous for their talents. They are both expensive and strong.
Linghu Debao regrets his essence and crosses his son. In bamboo arrows, southeast of China, many people use the facilities of temples. Only Wang Baohe Yu Xin is a wizard, and a generation is locked in a cage. At that time, Sejong Yazi Yunwei, Teng and Zhao Erwang carved chapters. Building an empty palace with salt is like the friendship of cloth and clothes. Because he is from the imperial court and the state of Yan, he never forgets to taste the charm and show off the last light. Still in the mountains, with Dai, and in the rivers, Zongbo also. But Zishan's articles originated in the late Song Dynasty and prevailed in Liang Dynasty. His body is obscene, and his words are light. So I can praise my eyes and heart better than Zheng and Wei. ... if used on one side, Zeus is also a sinner.
Zhang said: Lan Cheng chased Song Yu, a puppet poet in my old house. The pen rushes to the mountains and rivers, and the text is arrogant.
Du Fu: ① Qing Xin Yu opened the government, and Jun Yibao joined the army. ② Yu Xin's articles are older and more mature, and Ling's brushwork is vertical and horizontal. Yu Xin's life is the most miserable, and his poems in his later years caused a sensation in the north and south of the country.
Yang Shen: Yu Xin's poem, Liang Zhiguan, was driven before the Tang Dynasty.
Xia Wanchun: The Su (Su Wu) Festival is over, and Yu Kaifu's generals have been abandoned forever.
Wang Fuzhi: Since the Song and Qi Dynasties, the style of articles has been extremely rampant. People know that its obscenity is abhorrent, but they don't know that its falsehood is especially abhorrent. Southerners admire it and northerners make peace with it, so Wei Shou and Xing Zicai are like Xu Heyu. Hanging the shadow of an article and serving its heart harmoniously is considered to be beautiful, light and false. People are used to imitating each other, and there is no need to say what they want, so they can tell each other what they want. Its chastity is also not chastity; Its lewdness is not lewd; And my heart is long gone.
Ji Yun: Yu Xin's Parallel Prose is a masterpiece of the Six Dynasties, guiding the way for the Four Masters and standing tall among the Four Six Masters since ancient times.
Liu Xizai: The prosperity of Yuzishan started in the early Tang Dynasty with seven ancient times, and Wu Ye started in the Tang Dynasty with seven laws. Other styles were based on the five odd and five behaviors of the Tang Dynasty, which was particularly invincible.
Lin Shu: Zi Shan's "Jiangnan Fu" is not named Fu, but should be regarded as the blood and tears of the doctor who died in the country.
Liu, Yu Zishan and other sad essays use the most allusions ... Their emotions and essays can be traced back by swimming. Although the space is long, there is no trace of piling up ... so we know that piling up is different from using allusions. I mainly use allusions to assimilate them, while piling up is for them, but it is stagnant and ineffective.
Qian Jibo: Carving and painting strange characters, fighting every day; What can be done, don't be angry, do it with the wind, and the algae are bright and elegant, so Yu Xin and Xu Ling are also human beings. ... but his brilliant and beautifully written works have been gradually influenced by young people in the Southern Dynasties for hundreds of years. And its flow into the week, with a sense of wandering, transferred to the sound of the north, so the works after middle age can fade away from the splendor of the palace, but they are particularly desolate. Take things as color, be good at communication, linger on the chapter, prosper and abolish the scenery, decline the scenery, and speak Tsinghua; It is good at carving insects to make words. Things that are well used, according to the principle of ancient love and present, belong to rhetoric, which comes out with depression and frustration, so they pile up into smoke. Rich in talent, natural and healthy, with low bone grafting, Qi is a male. With majestic demeanor and full of vibration, Li Dian's new sound will not hurt the accumulation. I have tasted Han Yu's ancient prose, and I saw it in the mud; The parallel prose of the letter is sparse in the overall beauty. Han Yuxiong was not happy, but his letters were dense and sparse, beautifully organized, and his pen was used in the wrong place. Forty-six paintings in Tang and Song Dynasties were created on the basis of Mohan and Han and Wei Ci Fu, and their fulcrum was actually controlled by trust.
Qian Zhongshu: Zi Shan's Ci is a work with vivid images and beautiful feelings. Such as Spring Fu, Qixi Fu, Lantern Fu, Duzhu Fu, Mirror Fu and Yuanyang Fu were all written in the Southern Dynasties. Her husband's attitude towards Wei and Zhou has changed a lot, but the two books "Elephant Play" and "Shooting Horses" are still the same. His poems, such as "Zhang", "Zhang", "Dead Tree" and "Sorrow", are all lyrical and profound, and they are all bypassed by Qu Zi, which is not a direct reference to the legacy, but the poor Jiangnan state of things is full of glory in sorrow. Do more work in the early stage, be lucky in the later stage, be muddy in the bright and beautiful, and be in the beautiful middle stream; If you work after you are poor, you will be more successful when you are old, but you will not be empty.
* * * once said that Jiang Yan was far more than a writer in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and Yu Xin was one of them.
Anecdotes and allusions are amazing in literary talent. According to "Inside and Outside the Court", when Yu Xin went to the north from the early Southern Dynasties, most northern scholars looked down on him, and Yu Xin showed them his work "Ode to the Dead Tree". From then on, no one dared to treat euphoria lightly.
The Joy of Browsing Sleeves Both Yu Xin and Xiao Shao, the imperial clan of Liang Dynasty, had the pleasure of Browsing Sleeves. When Xiao Shao was a child, Yu Xin provided him with food and clothing. When guests come, Xiao Shao also sends wine to Yu Xin. Later, Xiao Shao became the secretariat of Yunzhou because of his attachment to Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan (Emperor Liang Yuan). At that time, Yu Xin fled from Jiankang to Jiangling and passed Jiangxia. Xiao Shao treated him badly. Xiao Shao sat under the green curtain, led Yu Xin into the banquet, and let him sit on the couch next to him, looking conceited. Unbearable, Yu Xin climbed directly into Xiao Shao's bed through drunkenness, stepped on the food, looked directly at Xiao Shao's face and said to him, "You look very different today." At that time, the banquet was full of guests, and Xiao Shao felt very ashamed.
Ji Yun also mentioned in the Notes of Yuewei Caotang that "a child molester is not a woman, holding a pillow and taking color as an ear." . When it is fragrant, it is full of charming hopes, it is full of flowers, it is not as affectionate as Jasper, but it is embraced as soon as it turns around; It has always been that the rich have run out of money, the nobles have moved their power, or their arms have been broken, or they have turned against each other. Xiao Shao is to Yu Xin and Mu Rongchong is to Fu Jian, which are recorded in history books, especially the author. "
Ancestors of family members: Yu Yan, whose real name was Zhong You, was a litterateur in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a minister in charge of books. Posthumous title Zhen, a native of Jiyang County.
Eighth ancestor: Yu Tao, an official, a great writer, Hou of Suichang County.
Grandfather: Yu Yi, official of Nanqi.
Father: Yu Jianwu, Zi Zishen, a writer and calligraphy theorist in Liang Dynasty. Official riding a regular servant, book order.
Uncle: Yu Yu Mausoleum, Zi Zijie, was once the great center of Jingzhou; He once served as Minister of Qian Lou, Kim Brown, Dazhongzheng and Crown Prince Du Shi.
Brothers: Yu Heng, Yu Yu, whose average life expectancy is unknown.
Son: Li Yu ("Yu Lizhen" in Yuan He Shi Bian), following Yu Xin as the Hou of Yicheng, was appointed as the county magistrate of Le Yi in Sui Dynasty. Later, because he didn't want to surrender to Xue, he was brutally killed.
Sun: Yu Weishi was "a Kaiyuan scholar" in the Tang Dynasty.
"Historical Records" records "Yu Xin's preface to the fourth volume of Zhou Wenwen's collection".
Zhou Shuchuan Volume 4 1 Page 33
History of the North, Volume 83, Biography 71