Category: Society/Culture>> Historical Figures
Problem Description:
Luofu
Mrs. Li
Liu Kun
Zhao Nanxing
Zhao Tuo
Mao Heng
Zhan Ziqian
Yixing
p>Li (just tell me the Japanese+French pronunciation)
Zhao Mengfu (the great painter of the Yuan Dynasty)
Analysis:
Luo Fu An innocent beauty has been the third party for thousands of years
Liu Kun (270~317), a poet of the Western Jin Dynasty. The word Yueshi. A native of Weichang, Zhongshan (now northeast of Wuji, Hebei Province). When he was young, he had the reputation of "Junlang" and was famous for his heroism. He heard that his good friend Zu Ti had been appointed, and he wrote to his relatives and friends, saying: "I am waiting for the day to come, and I am determined to rebel against the enemy. I am always afraid that my ancestors will be whipped before me." "Book of Jin·Zu Ti Biography" also records that he and Zu Ti A story about being slept with and hearing the chicken dance at night. In the first year of Yongjia (307) of Emperor Huai's reign, Liu Kun was appointed governor of Bingzhou, but he was "good at caregiving, but poor at controlling. In one day, thousands of people returned, but those who left also continued one after another" ("Book of Jin·Biography of Liu Kun" 》). Later, he mistakenly believed the slander and was taken advantage of by others. He was defeated by Liu Cong and his parents were also killed. In the third year of Emperor Min's reign (315), Liu Kun was appointed Sikong and the commander-in-chief of the military affairs of the three states of Hebei, Ji, and You. However, he was defeated by Shi Le soon after. After the defeat, he defected to Duan Pi, a Xianbei man who was the governor of Youzhou, and made an appointment to help the Jin Dynasty. Later, Duan Pi's subordinates secretly communicated with Shi Le, captured Kun's son Liu Qun, and forced Liu Qun to write a letter asking Kun to be the one who should oppose Duan Pi. When the incident was revealed, Liu Kun was killed by Duan Pi. "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi" contains "Liu Kun Collection" in 9 volumes and "Bie Collection" in 12 volumes, both of which are lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled it into "Liu Zhongshan Collection" and included it in "Collection of One Hundred and Three Masters of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties".
Song of Fufeng Song of Fufeng A reply to Lu Chen’s poem On the fifteenth day of Hu Ji’s year, I gave Lu Chen’s poem again
Zhao Nanxing (1550-1627) was a native of Gaoyi (now Hebei) in the Ming Dynasty. The courtesy name is Mengbai and the nickname is Peihe. Another name is Qingdu Individual Guest. Politician and writer of Ming Dynasty. Wanli Jinshi, he served as a promotion official in Runan County, Henan Province, and later as a literary selector Wai Lang. Because he was outspoken and sparse, he stated the four major harms of current affairs and violated the taboos of the times, so he had no choice but to beg and return to his hometown. Later, he became a doctor and took charge of the imperial examination. He was immediately framed and demoted to the people. Together with Zou Yuanbiao and Gu Xiancheng, he was known as the "Three Lords" in his hometown and was an important figure in the Donglin Party. Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed censor of Zuodu. In the third year of Tianqi's reign, he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. At that time, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was under the dictatorship and was politically corrupt. He fought against it, eliminated the old abuses, and selected talents. Wei Zhongxian was jealous of Wei Zhongxian. Wei Zhongxian pretended to be the emperor's order, issued an imperial edict, dismissed his official position, and was exiled to Dai County, Shanxi Province. He died of illness soon after. He was later posthumously named Zhongyi. The sanqu he composed was vivid and hearty, and the ditty was also accomplished. There are many satirical works in the joke collection "Laughter Praise". There are "Collections of Zhao Zhongyi", "Collected Works of Weibo Zhai", "Fangruyuan Yuefu", "Shiyun", "Xueyong Zhengshuo" and so on.
Zhao Tuo (? - 137 BC) was a native of Zhending (now the ancient east city of Shijiazhuang City). In 218 BC, under the order of Qin Shihuang, he conquered Lingnan. After briefly defining South Vietnam, he was appointed as the magistrate of Longchuan (now Longchuan County, Guangdang) of Nanhai County (the seat of governance is now Guangzhou City
). During the reign of Qin II, Zhao Tuo was entrusted by Nanhaiwei Renxiao to conduct Nanhaiwei affairs. After the fall of Qin, he sent troops to attack and annex Guilin County (the seat of governance is now the ancient city in the southwest of Guiping County, Guangxi) and Xiang County (the seat of governance is now Chongzuo County, Guangxi), and established himself as the King of South Vietnam. He implemented the national equality policy of "harmonizing Baiyue" and adopted A series of measures to develop local economy and culture. In the eleventh year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (196 BC), he issued an edict praising Zhao Tuo's political achievements, naming him King of South Vietnam, and sending official Lu Jia as an envoy to appease him. Zhao Tuo accepted the imperial edict and became a minister of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Empress Lu, a goods embargo was imposed on South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo wrote three times to no avail. So in the fifth year of Gao Hou (183 BC), he angrily became independent and called himself "Emperor Wu of South Vietnam". In the first year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (1779 BC), Emperor Wen issued an edict to repair the tombs of Zhao Tuo's ancestors (southeast of Zhaolingpu Village in the suburbs of today's Shijiazhuang City), set up a guard city, offer sacrifices every year, make friends with relatives in Zhao Tuo's hometown, and grant him official titles. He also personally wrote the "Book of Gifts to Wei Tuo" and sent Lu Jia to South Vietnam with the letter. Zhao Tuo then canceled the imperial title and wrote the "Shangwen Emperor Shu" to express his intention to submit to the Han Dynasty and govern South Vietnam. Zhao Tuo died in the fourth year of Jianyuan (137 BC) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He ruled Vietnam for nearly 80 years and made contributions to the development of Lingnan and the maintenance of the unification of multi-ethnic countries.
Mao Heng, a scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, is said to be from Hejian (now Hejian, Hebei Province) and from Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province). Legend has it that his poetry was passed down from Zixia, who once wrote the "Exegetical Biography of Mao's Poems", which was shortened to "The Biography of Mao" to teach Mao Chang, so the world called him "The Great Mao Gong". After the "Book of Songs" passed through the Qin Dynasty, there were four original versions circulated in the Han Dynasty: Qi, Lu, Han, and Mao. Since Zheng Xuan, a classical scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, wrote notes for "Mao Shi", more and more people studied Mao's poems, and the remaining three schools It has been lost successively, and only Mao's poems have survived to this day, providing important ancient teachings and meanings for the study of the Book of Songs.
Zhan Ziqian (about 550-604) was a painter of the Sui Dynasty and a native of Bohai (today's Cangzhou area). When he was young, he was diligent and studious and loved painting. He traveled to many places in the north and south of the Yangtze River. He also painted many murals in temples in Luoyang, Chang'an and other places. In his life, he experienced the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou. In the Sui Dynasty, he was appointed as an official and a governor in the army, but his political achievements were not significant. In terms of painting, he is good at painting pavilions, figures, carriages and horses, and is also good at painting distant and near landscapes.
His paintings are meticulous and lifelike. The horses in the erect paintings are moving, while the lying ones are jumping up and down. The landscapes and trees in the paintings are clearly layered and in appropriate proportions. He is said to have the "interest of being close at hand and thousands of miles away". The characters in the paintings are delicately drawn and blended with colors. The face is full of energy. He is the only painter of the Sui Dynasty whose paintings have been handed down to the world. The "Spring Outing" currently in the Palace Museum is one of the oldest famous paintings handed down in my country. In the middle of the mountain, horses are walking on the road, there are peach blossoms on the shore, and there are boats in the water."
Seng Yixing, whose common surname is Zhang and given name is Sui, was born in Changle County, Weizhou (now Nanle, Henan Province). He is a descendant of Zhang Gongjin, the founding hero of the Tang Dynasty. His father, Zhang Shan, once served as a martial arts commander. Yi Xing has been smart and agile since childhood, and has a photographic memory. When he was about 20 years old, he read extensively about classics and history, and was particularly interested in astronomy and calendar calculations. He once borrowed Yang Xiong's "Tai Xuan Jing" from Yin Chong, a Taoist priest from Xuandu Temple in Chang'an, and returned the book within a few days. Yin Chong was greatly puzzled and said to Yi Xing: The meaning of this book is profound. I have been studying it for many years and still don't understand it. You can study it in detail, so why rush to return the book? Unexpectedly, Yi Xing replied: I have investigated its meaning. After saying one line, he took out his newly written "Dayan Xuantu" and "Yi Jue". After some conversation and discussion, Yin Chong finally believed that Yi Xing had indeed obtained the secret of "Tai Xuan Jing". Yin Chong praised Yi Xing as the reincarnation of Yan Hui, and his reputation grew from then on. At that time, Wu Sansi was in power. Wu Sansi wanted to make friends with Yi Xing for some purpose, but Yi Xing despised Wu's actions and avoided seeing him. Soon, he became a monk and became a monk under the tutelage of Samana Puji in Songshan Mountain. Puji asked him to study abroad and increase his knowledge. It is said that in order to learn arithmetic, a group of people once traveled thousands of miles to Guoqing Temple in Tiantai Mountain and consulted an anonymous great master. After receiving his guidance, he became more precise in arithmetic and his voice was astonishing.
In the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Emperor Ruizong of Tang Dynasty Li Dan came to the throne. Ruizhong ordered Wei Anshi, who was left in the eastern capital, to invite his party to go out. The party declined, saying they were ill, and then returned to Dangyang Mountain in Jingzhou to pay homage to the Samana. Enlighten yourself and learn the Sanskrit laws. In the fifth year of Kaiyuan (717), Tang Xuanzong ordered his uncle Zhang Qia to go to Jingzhou and force him to come out. After Xuanzong invited the group into the palace, he asked him what his skills were. Yixing said modestly: "He can remember a little bit, but he has no merit." Xuanzong asked the eunuch to take out a list of palace maids. After browsing through each line, he could recite it and recited it without missing anything.
For a period of time after that, Yi Xing often stayed in the palace. Xuanzong visited several times to calm the country and help the people, and Yi Xing was able to deal with it candidly. For example, in the tenth year of Kaiyuan (722), Xuanzong's beloved daughter Princess Yongmu got married, and Xuanzong ordered the competent authorities to provide a generous dowry, following the old practice of the emperor's aunt Princess Taiping. The group believed that in the last years of Emperor Gaozong's reign, there was only one daughter, so they gave generous gifts in marriage. Later, Princess Taiping became arrogant and extravagant in politics, which finally offended her, so Princess Taiping should not be cited as an example. Xuanzong adopted the line's opinions and immediately withdrew his orders, still sending them according to common etiquette. Most of Yi Xing's remonstrances are like this.
A year before the group entered Beijing, the eminent Indian monk Shanwuwei also came to Chang'an to spread Buddhist esoteric Buddhism. After arriving in Beijing, the group worshiped Shan Wuwei as their teacher and became one of Shan Wuwei's right-hand men. Yixing not only assisted Shan Wuwei in translating the Mahavairocana, but also wrote 20 volumes of the Mahavairocana. In addition to clearly explaining the places in the sutra where "the texts are hidden, the preceding and the following are clear, and the facts are mutually stated" in the Sutra, and also indicate the practices and meanings of many events, more importantly, it promotes the emergence of Mahayana Buddhism. The most positive spirit in the world. And Yi Xing himself is the physical practitioner of this spirit.
In fact, the main work of the group after arriving in Beijing was not to promote Buddhism, but to study science, specifically, to study astronomy and calendar, and make outstanding contributions to this.
In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721), the Linde calendar’s forecast of the solar eclipse was inaccurate, indicating that the calendar compiled by Li Chunfeng had been increasingly inaccurate for more than 50 years since the use of the posterior calendar in the second year of Linde (665). , should be corrected as soon as possible. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave this task to Yi Xing and asked him to "examine the calendars of previous generations and adapt them to the new calendar." After receiving the order, Yi Xing did not just make simple additions and changes to the old calendar, but decided to compile a new calendar based on actual measurements of the movements of the sun, moon and five stars. For this reason, when the group was appointed, they requested to rebuild the lost zodiac and armillary sphere. The two newly built instruments were completed with the joint efforts of Liang Lingzhan, a famous machinist at the time, and a group of people. Although these two instruments are distinguished from the armillary sphere made by astronomer Li Chunfeng in the early Tang Dynasty and the water-borne armillary sphere made by Zhang Heng in the Eastern Han Dynasty, they have some innovations and developments. They installed an automatic timer on the water-borne armillary sphere: "Put two wooden figures on the ground, with drums in front of them to wait for the hour. The drums will be beaten naturally at every hour, and the bell will be struck naturally at every hour." This is actually the world's first The earliest mechanical clock. In the production of the clepsydra, Liang Lingzhan, Yi Xing and others made each component "each have a wheel and axle, the hooks and keys are interlaced, and the locks are locked." This parallel linkage is actually the earliest escapement.
Among the astronomical measurements conducted by the delegation, my country’s first nationwide “Four Seas Test” is the most famous. In the thirteenth year (725) and the fourteenth year (726) of Kaiyuan, a group of people were sent to 13 locations starting from Tiele (near Lake Baikal in the Soviet Union today) in the north and Linyi (now central Vietnam) in the south to measure the North Pole. The height above the ground (that is, the geographical latitude), the length of the sun's shadow at the winter and summer solstice and the spring and autumnal equinoxes, and the length of the day and night at the winter and summer solstice provide necessary data for compiling the new calendar. Although the measured meridian length of Yixing et al. has certain errors compared with modern measurement results, it is the first actual measured meridian in the world, and its significance cannot be underestimated.
The significance of this actual measurement work is that it once again overturned the statement in "Zhou Bi Suan Jing" that "Wang Ji's shadow from a thousand miles away is only one inch away" with actual measurement results, thus completely negating the theory of Gaitian theory and further establishing the stability of Hun Tian theory. status.
Not only that, during astronomical measurements, the group also discovered that the positions of stars had changed to a certain extent compared with the Han Dynasty. This was nearly a thousand years earlier than the discovery of the proper motion of stars by the British astronomer Halley in 1718.
After several years of preparation, Yi Xing started compiling the new calendar in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (725), and completed the draft in the 25th year of Kaiyuan. In the same year, Yi Xing died. The remaining works were compiled and edited by Zhang Shuo, Chen Xuanjing and others, totaling 52 volumes. These include: 10 volumes of "Liyi", which discusses the special topics and comments on the advantages and disadvantages of ancient and modern calendars; 24 volumes of "Ancient and Modern Almanacs", a collection of essays that studies the calendars of previous dynasties; 1 volume of "Tianzhu Jiuzhili", which translates and studies the Indian calendar; The new calendar itself has 12 volumes of various numerical tables, "Establishment Method"; 3 volumes of "Chang Li", a long compilation that calculates the positions of the sun, moon and five stars in ancient and modern times; and 1 volume of the new calendar itself, "Kaiyuan Dayan Calendar". These treatises constitute a system with rich and colorful content, rigorous structure and perfect structure, which is a pioneering work in the history of our country's calendar.
Yixing's "Taiyan Calendar" has many innovations compared with the past. For example, Yixing's description of the apparent movement of the sun: "At the southern solstice (winter solstice), its movement is the most rapid, rapid and gradually weakening, and by the vernal equinox and "It moves most comfortably at the northern solstice (summer solstice), and then gradually becomes more and more comfortable, until it reaches the middle of the autumnal equinox, and then becomes more and more urgent." This is the first correct description of the overall law of the sun's apparent movement in ancient my country. The new concept of perihelion celestial longitude precession of five stars established by Yi Xing and the precession value he gave are also a great progress in ancient my country's understanding of the movement of five stars. Yixing's "Five-star Yao Xiang Calendar" (five-star movement non-uniformity correction value table) also has clearer astronomical meaning and a more mature calculation method than Zhang Zixin and Liu Zhuo's "incoming gas addition and subtraction" method. Dayan Calendar It was also the first time that the food difference values ??of the 24 solar terms were given in tabular form, and the approximate calculation method of the nine-time sundial was first proposed. The interpolation formula is also superior to the equal-spaced quadratic interpolation method invented by Liu Zhuo, which also proves that Yi Xing has high mathematical attainments.
After Yi Xing's death, someone falsely accused Yi Xing of plagiarizing from India. Xuanzong ordered Tai Shiling to use Lingtai's observations and records over the years to test the calendars of the school. The result was that "Dayan (Li) scored seven or eight out of ten, Linde (Li) also scored three or four, and Jiuzhi (Li) only scored "One or two", practice has proved that Yixing's "Dayan Calendar" is more accurate than the past "Linder Calendar" and the Jiuzhi Calendar introduced from India, and was the best calendar at that time. Therefore, the "New Tang Calendar" compiled by the Song Dynasty "Book Li Zhi" also praised: "From the beginning of the Han Dynasty (the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) to the time of Linde (the time of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty), there were 23 families. Although they are close to heaven, they are not secret. When it comes to Yixing, it is secret. It relies on several legislations to solidify There is no way to change it; even if there are changes to the author in later generations, they are just imitations."
Because Yi Xing made an indelible contribution to the study of astronomy and calendar in our country, after Yi Xing's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty gave him the posthumous title of " "Zen Master Dahui" has the reputation of "making an inscription on the stone, personally writing it on the stone", and "spending 500,000 yuan from the inner treasury to build the pagoda on the original site of the bronze figure". "The Biography of Eminent Monks of the Song Dynasty" says that all Buddhism disciples in the world are proud of this. . In fact, Yi Xing's achievements are also the glory of the Chinese nation.
Zhao Mengfu is the most talented calligrapher and painter in my country's Yuan Dynasty, and occupies an important position in the history of painting and calligraphy. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and painting was well-known in the north and south. ) was born in the second year of Lizongbao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1254) and died in the second year of Zhizhi of Yuan Yingzong (1322).
Zhao Mengfu was the eleventh grandson of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. He was young and intelligent. After the death of the Song Dynasty, he served as an official in the Yuan Dynasty. He was "a first-class official and famous all over the world". He not only made great achievements in art, but also in politics. He was also very prominent. During his stay in Beijing, he also dared to fight against the traitor Sang Ge, and was praised for his talents.
Zhao Mengfu was very talented in poetry, calligraphy, painting, and music, especially calligraphy and painting. His achievements are particularly outstanding. In terms of subject matter, he is good at landscape, figure, bamboo and stone, flower and bird, and pommel horse paintings. In terms of artistic expression, he is also very good in landscape painting, whether it is fine brushwork, freehand brushwork, green, or ink. He has the ability to use various methods to create, and at the same time he has his own personality. There are few people in the history of Chinese painting who can compare with him. He is also good at identifying ancient artifacts and famous calligraphy and paintings. Fu's wife, Guansheng, was good at painting bamboo and was one of the most famous female painters in ancient China. She learned calligraphy and painting from her husband. Their son Zhao Yong is also a well-known painter and is good at appreciating calligraphy and painting.
The loss of Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and painting works is relatively serious. Many overseas large museums and private collectors have his works. It is worth mentioning his "Youyu Qiuhe Tu", which is his The representative work in landscape painting depicts the story of Xie Kun, a famous scholar in the Jin Dynasty, who was unrestrained and traveled leisurely through hills and valleys. This picture is on silk, with a large green color. The mountains, rocks and trees are filled with green in fine strokes, without any cracks. It absorbs the painting method of Gu Kaizhi's "Luo Shen Fu Tu" and is extremely simple, elegant and clumsy. Unfortunately, this work has been exported to the United States and is now in the Princeton University Art Museum.
In 1986, a scroll of "Huilan Tu" by Zhao Mengfu appeared in a New York auction house. Zhao Mengfu's works are generally collected by large museums. Even if his works are privately collected, they will not be auctioned unless absolutely necessary. . This news shocked collectors all over the world, and they all wanted to take advantage of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to include this painting in their collections. The competition at the auction was extremely fierce, and the price soared. Finally, it was sold for US$330,000. The buyer was Cai Wanlin, the owner of Taiwan's humble home and the richest man on the island. Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy works also have extremely high market value. On November 28, 1990, Christie's auction house in New York auctioned a piece of his "Lotus Sutra of Wonderful Dharma" in small regular script, with an estimated value of US$250,000. At that time, the Gulf crisis was serious, war was just around the corner, and the world art market was weakening due to its impact. , this estimate was already too high, and the auction result was twice as high as the estimate, selling for $500,000. The above two examples show that Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy and painting works already have the symbolic meaning of ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting, and their prices are of typical significance. If the status of Chinese calligraphy and painting in the world further improves, the price of Zhao Mengfu's works will rise further, but at present Since Chinese painting and calligraphy has not yet become a major target in the world art market, its price is still lower than that of European oil paintings. The price of his works is only one-thirtieth of the price of Impressionist works.
Mrs. Li: Li Yan, the concubine of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was graceful, proficient in music, and good at singing and dancing. His brother Li Yannian was a palace musician. He entered the palace through his recommendation and was immediately favored. A year later, he gave birth to a son, who was named King of Changyi. Mrs. Li was in frail health and was becoming increasingly haggard. Before she died, she asked her father and brother deeply to try to catch her and not let Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty see her. Sure enough, Emperor Wu missed him endlessly. His brother Li Guangli was defeated and incompetent, but was still named a general.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty liked alchemy, so he promoted the process and development of the chemical industry; he liked beauties, so he promoted the development of Fangzhongshu
and also promoted the custom of praying to gods and visiting immortals; like Mrs. Li unexpectedly promoted the development of drama.
Emperor Wu listened to the alchemist's lies and thought the old palace was small. At the same time, he also wanted to make the harem accommodate more beauties, so he built the "Jianzhang Palace" in the first year of Taichu. It has a circumference of thirty miles and can accommodate thousands of households. , the steps are all decorated with beautiful jade. At that time, there were 18,000 beauties in various palaces. Emperor Wu "can go without food for three days, but cannot live without women for a day." Even so, Liu Che was not satisfied and always wanted to find another stunning beauty. Court musician Li Yannian was proficient in music, could compose music, write lyrics, and choreograph. He was a natural artist. One day, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was hosting a banquet, Li Yannian was serving the banquet. During the banquet, he played a new song he composed by himself: "There is a beautiful woman in the north, who is independent from the world. Look at the charming city, and then look at the charming country. Ning. The first performance of this composition was very successful. Emperor Wu sighed: "How can there be such a beautiful woman in the world?" Li Yannian followed the stick and said: " "Your Majesty, the one singing in the song is Yannian's little sister." Emperor Wu's heart moved and he summoned the Li family to the palace. When he saw it, he turned out to be a beautiful and good dancer. Emperor Wu then accepted Li as his concubine and named her Mrs. Li. Therefore, spring travels from spring to night, and the king does not go to court early from now on. Soon Mrs. Li became pregnant and gave birth to a baby boy who was named King of Changyi.
In fact, Mrs. Li, like her brother, was an entertainer who developed in the singing, dancing and music circles. However, Emperor Wu never cared about this. Actors, what's the matter with actors? Isn't Queen Wei also a pop singer? Among the concubines he favored, apart from Chen Ajiao, not to mention the high-ranking officials and princes, he couldn't even find a girl from a good family. One day, Emperor Wu went to Mrs. Li's palace and suddenly felt his head itched, so he scratched his head with Mrs. Li's jade hairpin. When news of this incident spread to the harem, everyone wanted to imitate Mrs. Li and put jade hairpins on their heads. The price of jade in Chang'an doubled for a while. Yu scratched his head and said, from now on.
Unfortunately, the love did not last long. Mrs. Li only entered the palace for a few years, but unfortunately she fell ill and soon became terminally ill until she was bedridden. Emperor Wu went to see her in person. When Mrs. Li saw Emperor Wu coming, she hurriedly covered her face with a blanket and said, "I have been ill for a long time and my appearance has been ruined. I will never see you again. I would like to entrust you to the king of Changyi and my brothers." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty insisted on taking a look and rewarded him with gold. In exchange for giving a title to Mrs. Li's brother, she still refused. Emperor Wu said sweetly, "Everyone said you were beautiful when you were young, but compared to what you look like now, I love your tortured face more..." Mrs. Li just turned her face away and sobbed alone. Emperor Wu worked hard to memorize the poems all night, but failed to please Mrs. Li. He felt unhappy and walked away.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty left, Mrs. Li's sisters all complained about her. Mrs. Li sighed and said: "I was originally from a humble background, and the emperor only loved me because of my ordinary appearance. Now if he sees that I am not as beautiful as usual, he will definitely feel disgusted, for fear of abandoning me. How can he take care of my son after my death?" And brother?" Mrs. Li died a few days later. Mrs. Li's refusal to see Emperor Wu not only did not anger him, but instead aroused him infinite pain. Mrs. Li was buried with empress rites and ordered a painter to paint her image during her lifetime and hang it in Ganquan Palace. Emperor Wu missed Mrs. Li more and more day by day, and he loved her son so much that he promoted Li Yannian as the chairman of the National Music Association, and promoted Li Guangli, who had accomplished nothing and failed in the war, to the rank of general.
Sometimes, these artists read too many people, but they see through the hot and cold world and are quite knowledgeable about people. Mrs. Li is an example.
Emperor Wu missed Mrs. Li, but unfortunately there was neither audio nor video recording. He could only summon a magician and ask him to set up an altar in the palace to summon spirits, so that he could meet Mrs. Li again. The alchemist lit a candle at night and asked Emperor Wu to watch in the curtains. In the shadow of the candle, a vague figure came gracefully, with slender hands and curled waist, but then slowly disappeared away. This is the earliest drama, with simple actions. Emperor Wu looked at the figure who looked like Mrs. Li in a daze, and wrote sadly: "Is it evil? Is it not evil? I looked at it, but it was so late." The poem by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the earliest film review.
Later, the great American poet Pound also wrote a poem for this earliest drama actor in the East, "The rustle of silk is no longer heard, / the dust is flying in the palace courtyard , / No footsteps are heard, and the leaves / are rolled up in a heap, motionless, / beneath which she, the joy of my heart, sleeps: / a damp leaf clings to the threshold." Praise for the dramatic protagonist and the audience. emotional interaction between them. Leaves have become the best props.
Li Fang Sansheng (925-996) was born in Raoyang, Shenzhou (now Raoyang County, Hebei Province), and was a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty. He became a Jinshi during the Qianyou period of the Later Han Dynasty (948). The official went to the right to collect the relics and compiled them in Jixian Hall. In the later Zhou Dynasty, he served as a bachelor of Jixian Palace and a bachelor of Hanlin. In the early Song Dynasty, he was a member of Zhongshushe. At that time, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty was appointed as the Counselor for Political Affairs and Pingzhang Affairs. In the first year of Yongxi's reign (984), he was appointed Minister of Public Affairs. His main achievement is the editor-in-chief of three masterpieces: "Taiping Yulan" began in the second year of Taiping Xingguo (977) and was completed in the eighth year (983). It was originally called "Taiping General Classification" because Taizong read it every day. , renamed "Taiping Yulan", the book has a thousand volumes, divided into fifty-five parts, and was compiled from more than 1,600 kinds of books. "Taiping Guangji" is a collection of novels, so named because it was written during the Taiping and Xingguo reign of Emperor Taizong. The whole book consists of five hundred volumes, divided into ninety-two categories. The content is collected from novels, notes, and barnyard histories from the Han Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, and a large amount of ancient novel materials are preserved. "Wenyuan Yinghua" is a collection of poems and essays. The book dates from the late Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty to the late Tang and Five Dynasties. There are 2,200 writers and about 20,000 poems and articles. The whole book consists of one thousand volumes, divided into thirty-eight categories such as fu and poetry. The three books and "Cefu Yuangui" are collectively known as the four major books of the Song Dynasty. He also participated in the compilation of "History of the Old Five Dynasties" and had five volumes of his own collected works, which have been lost.