Good song
"Good Songs" and "Notes on Good Songs" vividly depict the historical picture of fierce competition for power and lust among political groups, families and their members within the ruling class in the last days of feudalism, and the rapid transmission of honor and disgrace. Here, the hypocrisy and corruption of feudal ethics, the turmoil and changes in the political situation, and people's deep doubts and disappointment with the existing order are all very clear. This scene of "you sing and I come on stage" is a reflection that the process of ups and downs, ups and downs, transfer and changes within the feudal class has been greatly accelerated, the feudal social and economic foundation has become increasingly decadent, and the superstructure has also been shaken and headed for collapse. These signs are typical features of this era. Cao Xueqin is great as an artist. He left us a very vivid cartoon of the last feudal society. However, when he tried to explain these world situations and point out the way out for people trapped in the maze, he was at a loss and could do nothing at all. He can only use humorous language to repeat the vague and general cliches of impermanence and emptiness, and you can get rid of the secular (so-called "goodness") old religious propaganda to express your extreme disgust and disappointment in the real society. In this way, he naturally fell into the maze of idealism first.
All kinds of emotions mentioned in Notes of a Good Song are based on the specific plot of the novel. For example, the early Song Dynasty predicted the downfall of the four major families represented by the Jia family, as well as scandals such as having fun at funerals, which are also common in the book. But it is difficult to put every sentence into practice for someone or something, because some words seem to be universal. It is a natural law that thick fat powder turns into frost temples, which may be a general description of some daughters in the Grand View Garden. If Bai Shou is widowed, it may refer to Baochai and Xiangyun. In addition, the manuscript of the novel after 80 chapters has been lost, and it is difficult to make an exact judgment on what it refers to.
Of course, there are also some clues. For example, Xu Jiaben's comment on writing (the value of which can't be ignored) points out that "Zhen Yu and Jia Yu go it alone" are beggars, which is consistent with Jia Baoyu's later statement that "winter is bitter and snowy nights are broken" in Chapter 19 of "Re-evaluating Stone in Hongyan Zhai" collected by yenching university. But from this we know that Zhen Baoyu's fate is similar, which shows that Jia (false) and Zhen (true) are closely related. If the "awning window" is replaced by "green gauze", it is said that it is "a bunch of new glorious homes in Yucun" and it is said that it is "Jia She and Yucun" who are shackled, then the clues of their subsequent crimes due to greed for money will be more clear. The man in purple said, "Jia Lan and Jia Jun are a bunch of people". Jia Lan's official career can be confirmed by the judgments and songs in Li Wan's pamphlet. Jia Jun's success was never mentioned again in the next forty chapters.
At first glance, there are two kinds of criticisms, which seem a little puzzling, namely, the criticism in The Frost on the Bones is that "Daiyu and Qingwen are a group of people" and the criticism that "they will be a big beam in the future" is that "Liu Xianglian is a group of people". These are all known endings. Daiyu can live a long life, Wen Jing can come back from the dead, and Xianglian can be secularized? Of course not. The former is actually the wrong place in the comment on writing, which should be subordinate to the sentence that they have all become the "white bones" of the "loess faucet"; The latter is to reveal the hidden pen that the author used to describe wandering Liu Xianglian in Chapter 66. There is such a passage: "Xue Pan laughs:' There is such a miracle in the world: my buddy and I sell goods, and we get up and go back in spring, and have a safe trip. Who knows that the day before yesterday, when I arrived at the border of peace, I met a group of robbers and took my things. I didn't want my second brother Liu to come from there, so I drove the thief away, regained the goods and saved my life. I thanked him and suffered, so we became sworn brothers. ..... "This passage is quite ambiguous. For example, "Where did Brother Liu come from?" After all, we don't know where Liu came from. When he came, he could "drive the thief away" without punching or using force. Is his identity a bit suspicious? Even if he "ran away from home for fear of disaster" in recent years, he is a chivalrous man in the rivers and lakes (his actions are kept secret in the book), isn't chivalry a "girder"? ("Zhuangzi Miki": "From its strong beam." Lu Note: "Yes." It can be seen that the fat batch is not just talking about the plot of the characters.
It is easy to overlook the value of providing plot clues, that is, the spider silk carved with beams and painted buildings is approved as Xiaoxiang Pavilion, Purple (crimson) Yun Xuan and other places. At first glance, it seems to be synonymous with the words "humble room and empty hall" It is said that the Jia family's house has declined. If you study it carefully, it means something different. Otherwise, why not say "Ning and Rong", "Grand View Garden" or "Yuan, Lotus and Champs"? Originally, we came to a conclusion based on various clues: when Jia Fu was convicted, Baoyu ran away from home (or stayed for a long time to avoid disaster), and it was autumn. From then on, his bedroom, Jiang's, was of course empty. Because Lin Daiyu can't stand this sudden heavy blow, she is worried that her condition will get worse. The next spring, when the flowers fell, she cried her eyes out, and the Xiaoxiang Pavilion became empty. When Baoyu returned to the Grand View Garden, Daiyu had been dead for half a year. The Xiaoxiang Pavilion, which used to be a "phoenix-tailed museum", now only sees "the leaves are rustling and the smoke is cold and desolate" (Chen Geng's twenty-six fat batches point out the Chinese characters in the lost manuscript), and Yee Hong Court is also "red and thin and green" (Chen Geng's twenty-six fat batches). No wonder Baoyu wants to "mourn each other" (Chen Geng's seventy-ninth batch).
Besides, although there is no criticism in the song, we can still learn the plot from other tips, such as choosing a good husband and living in Yanhuaxiang, Jia Qiaojie. As for those words that are neither criticized nor hard to find clues, such as "I am lamenting that his life is not long, then I know that I am mourning", then I don't have to wait and die. Because, even if we don't do this deduction, it won't prevent us from understanding the spiritual essence of these two songs.
2. Which poem has the most literary value?
Bury flowers
Song of Burying Flowers is the representative of all the sad songs that Lin Daiyu encountered in her life, and it is also an important work by Cao Xueqin to shape this artistic image and express her personality characteristics. Like The Daughter of the Lotus, it is a text that the author tries to copy. This song, which imitates the style of the early Tang Dynasty, is lyrical and artistically successful.
This poem is not only sad and sad, it still has an air of suppressing injustice. "Liu Cong Fang Fei is long, no matter whether the peach is floating or Li Fei", there are resentment against the cold world and attachment to human feelings; "360 days a year, the wind, the sword and the frost are pressing each other hard", isn't that an indictment of the ruthless reality that has persecuted her for a long time? "May slaves have wings and fly to the end of the day with flowers. After all, where is Xiangshan? If you don't collect gorgeous bones, a pure land will shelter you from the wind. It is better to lead an honest and clean life than to be trapped in a ditch. This is an aloof character who is unwilling to be humiliated and polluted and unwilling to bow his head and yield when he fantasizes that freedom and happiness are unattainable. "These are its ideological values.
Another value of this poem is that it provides important clues for us to explore the tragedy of Baodai in Cao Xueqin's works. Jia Xu used to have a comment on writing: "I read" Buried Flowers "until three or four o'clock, so sad that I forgot my life experience. I raised my pen four times, but I couldn't approve it. A guest said,' Mr. Wang is not Baoyu, how can he write?' Hey! The perseverer wanted to get inspiration from The Stone, so he stopped writing and began to wait. It is worth noting that the comment on writing points out that it is impossible to comment on this poem without reading Yu Xiong Hou Wen. It is for this reason that the book approver "stops writing and waits". So what does "Yu Xiong Hou Wen" mean? It refers to the next time, that is, the beginning of the twenty-eighth time, which tells how Baoyu felt when he listened to this poem sung by Daiyu on the hillside. Its words say:
..... but nod and sigh first; After hearing the words "Nong buried flowers today, we know who they are when we buried them" and "If you don't mourn for me, people will die and I don't know when", I felt scared and fell down the hillside, scattering the fallen flowers all over the floor. Imagine Lin Daiyu's beautiful face. When it is impossible to find it in the future, I would rather be heartbroken! When Daiyu finally couldn't find it, she pushed it to others, such as Baochai, Xiangling and Xiren. Or when it is impossible to find it. When Baochai and others can't find it after all, how can they live in peace? And I don't know where to go, then I don't know who my last name is, Si Chu, Si Yuan, Hua Si, Si Liu! So, one and two, two and three, repeatedly pleading, I really don't know why I have to wait for something stupid and know nothing at this time, so as to escape from the dust net and explain (free) this sadness.
Baoyu's premonition of "Burying Flowers" is that "Daiyu will never see", and then it is extended to others, flowers and willows in his own grand view garden. It can be seen that the calligrapher's meaning of "how can he write without Baoyu" is to point out that this poem is not a general statement. Only when Daiyu and Baoyu are nowhere to be found can we understand the true meaning contained in the poem. It can be seen that Burying Flowers is actually a poem written by Lin Daiyu. This can be proved by the quatrains in tihongloumeng, which were written by the author's contemporaries and probably by the author's friends. His poem said, "A sad funeral poem seems to come true and I don't know it. There is a ray that died for love and woke up to grow into HongLing? " "It seems to be true" can only be said by people who know the plot of Daiyu's death written by the author. In the past, we thought that Yi Ming might not be able to read the whole novel like Yan Zhi. Now, it seems very likely that he finished reading the second half of the manuscript, or at least listened to the people in the author's circle who talked about the main plot in the second half in detail. If the things mentioned in Ming Yi's quatrains, such as "gathering like a dream of spring scattered like smoke" and "returning to the mountain without aura", can be understood by speculation, then we can write poems such as Baoyu's poor and scrawny "Wang Sun" and his conviction led to the unfortunate death of people in his heart "Shame on Skillen". The same is true of the last two sentences in the poem quoted above: He said that he really hoped that the "death for love" that came back from the dead could save Daiyu, let Bao and Dai get married, and reconnect the red silk rope that the old man was holding under the moon. Imagine, as long as the "sinking cup" can rise, the "HongLing" can continue, which is different from the reason why the sequel later imagined the tragedy of Bao and Dai as involuntary marriage. If everything is as written in the sequel by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E, Baoyu already belongs to him. What's the use of "sinking" Daiyu? Is it to make her "Aunt Bao Er" and "renew HongLing"?
This poem "Nong buries flowers and laughs today." Who did he know when he was buried? ”？ ..... "At the end of several sentences, such as repeated several times in the book, it is particularly emphasized that even learning to write parrot poems mentioned that the date when a known beauty dies of old age is really when the spring flowers fall, and it is not a function word. At the same time, what is said here is "he knows who it is when he is buried", and what is said earlier is "who has pity on the fragrance and jade after it has died" and "a wandering is hard to find" and so on. So there is no doubt that Daiyu died in a very miserable and lonely situation like Qingwen. At that time, not everyone was too busy to attend to Baoyu's wedding. On the contrary, Baoyu and Xifeng were both exiled because of avoiding disaster. It was the day when "the family was ruined, not talking about relatives" and "each got his own door". In the poem, "The willow pod is from Fangfei, whether the peach floats with Li Fei" or this meaning. The fragrant nest has been built in March, and Liang Jianyan is too heartless. Although next year's flowers can be pecked, it is difficult to grasp the meaning of the sentence "no one can go to the empty nest of Liang", which is between solvable and unsolvable, and it is difficult to grasp the meaning. If you regard it as a prophecy, it is clearer now. Probably in the spring, Bao and Dai's marriage has been basically settled, that is, the so-called "fragrant nest has been built", but in the autumn, something happened, just like the swallow between Liang Yan flew away mercilessly and was forced to run away from home. Therefore, she lamented that "it is difficult to leave the soul of flowers and birds" and imagined that she could "give birth to wings under threat" and go with her. She cried for a day and a night, and finally "all her tears ran out." In this way, "I don't know when flowers fall and people die", and it is completely appropriate to compare "flowers fall" with Daiyu and "people die" to Baoyu. Whenever Baoyu encounters the so-called "ugly disaster", someone else will be unlucky, first Jin Chuaner, then Qingwen, and finally Daiyu. Therefore, there is a pun in the poem that "quality is clean and clean, better than being trapped in a ditch", which can be used to explain and explain Qi. The following autumn, Baoyu returned to Jiafu and found that Hongyi courtyard was "red, thin and green", and Xiaoxiang Pavilion was a bleak scene of "falling leaves and cold smoke". Daiyu's boudoir and Baoyu's crimson porch saw "cobwebs covered with carved beams". Although Baochai still exists and will be her "golden wedding" in the future, how can this make up for the great mental pain caused by Baoyu's "childlessness"? "Although the flowers can be pecked next year, it is impossible for people to go to Liang's empty nest! "Isn't that what you mean?
The above are just some details that can be confirmed from the clues mentioned in the fat review, which may not be so appropriate, but this poem must take care of Baodai's tragic plot, which is probably not subjective.
In fact, the poem "seems to come true" doesn't stop there. Goodbye by Dai Yu. "Autumn Window Storms" and "Peach Blossoms" also have this nature. The former seems to say unfortunately that she left Baoyu later, while the latter seems to be a preview of her "tearful death" ending.
Some people say that Poem of Burying Flowers was born out of two poems by Tang Yin. Of course, poetry has its inheritance and reference, but the relationship between "source" and "flow" of literary and artistic creation should not be reversed. When it comes to the use of predecessors' works in some words and sentences and artistic styles, it is really unnecessary to look for them in the books of the Ming Dynasty. Isn't it enough to borrow and use some well-known poems such as "Flowers change this year, flowers will bloom next year" and "Flowers are similar year after year, and people are different year after year" in Liu Xiyi's "Waiting for the North Pulsatilla" in the early Tang Dynasty? That is, the plot of burying flowers does not necessarily follow the story of Tang Yin burying peony flowers on the east bank of the medicine column. Cao Yin, the author's grandfather, wrote a poem "A peach blossom buried in a lonely grave for a hundred years". Isn't that enough to inspire his thoughts? But these are all "streams", only used. They can neither represent the main spirit of poetry nor replace the author's creation divorced from real life. What's more, as mentioned above, the author's originality in this poem does not lie in the lingering words that hurt spring and cherish flowers.
Of course, the negative depression in Burying Flowers is also extremely strong and can not be ignored, which has a bad influence on readers who lack analytical ability. Although this kind of emotion fully conforms to Lin Daiyu's ideological character formed by her artistic environmental position, after all, because the author consciously expresses her life experience through the mouth of the person she loves, to some extent, she exposes the weakness of her own thoughts. We sympathize with Lin Daiyu, but at the same time we also see that this sentimental aristocratic lady is very fragile in thoughts and feelings.
3. which poem do you think reveals the fate of the characters is the most obscure and has the biggest difference in understanding?
Ten nostalgic quatrains
Xue Baoqin often boasted that he had followed his father in business since he was a child, with a wide footprint and a lot of knowledge. This is credible. However, it is a lie to say that Ten Homesickness Poems are all historical sites of places you have experienced. Not to mention whether it is possible for her to go to Hohhot in Inner Mongolia in the north and Jiao Jiao in the south, just as the legendary author of Putuo Temple and Meihua Guanben compiled, how can she find the historic sites? Li Wan's explanation of "there are many graves in Guanfu" is only to cover up her shame. The boasting of her childhood experience is consistent with the overall low emotional appeal of nostalgic poems, which reflects the deterioration of her family of origin. Otherwise, why would she go to Jia's house? However, what she lived in front of her eyes was always the luxurious life of a noble lady. Her really sad days will come with the decline of the four major families. At that time, she will go away from home again, and she will recall the life of the Grand View Garden with great sadness. This point is left to be said in "Poetry of Zhen Guo's Daughter". Xue Baochai is critical of her two poems "Pudong Temple" and "Plum Blossom View", saying that there is no test in the history books, "we don't know much about it". She asked her to write two more poems, and in a few words she painted the face of Baochai's defender very vividly. Daiyu laughed at her "affectation", which was a broken word.
Is "Nostalgia for Ancient Poetry" really to reflect on ancient love and do spring lantern riddles? I'm afraid not. Homesickness quatrains are not real historical ode, and their appreciation of historical figures and events does not necessarily represent the author's or novel's view of history. If we insist on discussing it from this aspect, it will be reluctant. We also put forward another view on these poems, which need further discussion, so they are written in the "preparation" for reference. The following Five Beautiful Songs also imitated this point.
4. Which poem do you think is easier to understand by revealing the fate of the characters?
Dream of Red Mansions
Twelve pieces of a dream of red mansions, plus the introduction in front and the ending in the back, make 14 pieces. In the middle of the twelve songs, twelve women in Jinling were sung respectively, implying their life experiences and their evaluation. These songs, like The Judgment of Twelve Women in Jinling, provide important clues for understanding the history of the characters, the development of the plot and the complete collapse of the four major families. This song was sung to Baoyu by twelve dancers in the harem of Taixu Dreamland who were instructed by the police to "tap the board and press the silver Zheng". Baoyu took the manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions and "read the text while listening to its songs". After listening, he still didn't know what it said.