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Boarding ① Wang Song Anshi Jingkou in Guazhou ② Guazhou ③ Yishui ④ ⑤ Zhongshan ⑤ Only a few mountains apart. The spring breeze is green, Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? [ 1]
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1 berthing: stop the ship. Park. Park. ② Jingkou: in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. (3) Guazhou: the north bank of the Yangtze River and the southern suburb of Yangzhou, that is, the Yangtze River south of Hanjiang District of Yangzhou City today. (Foothold) ④ Yishui: The "Yishui" here refers to the Yangtze River. ⑤ Interval: Pay attention to reading, not the interval of the verb "interval". According to the flat and even meter of this poem, the inherent meaning of the word "frugal" and the ancient language habits, the word "frugal" must be flat and even. "Yishuijian" is a phrase with deviation in part of speech. Its internal structure is the same as "within a stone's throw", "within a few steps", "in an instant" and "between thoughts". Its central word is "Jian" and its restrictive element is "Yishui". Jingkou and Guazhou are within the distance of a river. There is an old saying in China, that is, "separated by a water". What Wang Anshi wants to say is the proximity of Jiangnan and Jiangbei, not their isolation. ⑥ Zhongshan: Purple Mountain in Nanjing today. 7 interval: interval. 8 Weight: How many floors? Read sh chong⑨green: blow green. There is also "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan" Volume 29 "Self-nature". According to Zhang's Annotations on Poems of Yuan Dynasty, it was revised in Volume 43. Attending Hu á n: Hui. [ 1]
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Jingkou and Guazhou are separated only by a Yangtze River, and there are only a few mountains from Jingkou to Zhongshan. The spring breeze has turned the banks of the Yangtze River green again. When will the bright moon shine on me and return to my hometown?
Editorial appreciation of this work
Enjoy 1
The title of this poem is "boating in Guazhou", which points out the poet's foothold. The first sentence, "a water room in Guazhou, Jingkou", describes the scenery in front of us. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry on the north bank of the Yangtze River and looked south. He saw that the "Jingkou" on the south bank is so close to Guazhou here, just across a river, and he couldn't help thinking that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few mountains away, and not far. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" implies the mood of the poet anxious to return. The third sentence is a famous sentence through the ages, which depicts the scenery again, points out that the season is spring, and depicts the scenery on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means blowing green, and it is used wonderfully. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times in order to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "Qing" from more than ten verbs such as "Zhi", "Zhi", "Zhi" and "Zhi". Because other words only express the arrival of spring breeze, but they do not show the changes of a new green landscape on the Qianli River bank after the arrival of spring. At the end of the sentence, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" The poet has been waiting for a long time, but he didn't realize that when the bright moon first appeared, the poet imagined a picture of "When the bright moon shines on me?" It further shows the poet's homesickness and expresses his homesickness!
Appreciate II
This four-line poem touches the scene, and through the description of spring scenery, it shows the poet's helplessness in becoming an official and his urgent desire to return to Jiangning. The first two sentences describe a trip to the north. The poet went to Beijing, but only looked back at Jiangning, showing a complicated psychology of not wanting to go to work. In the last two sentences, I wrote down my thoughts with the scenery, which not only brought me comfort from the reform, but also had the idea of early retirement. When the poet looks back at the south of the Yangtze River, the land is green, which is of course the green of spring breeze, but isn't the lush rice seedlings the actual effect of the reform measures such as the Young Seedling Law? However, officialdom is full of dangers. The poet looked at Guazhou Ferry and Zhongshan Moon and sighed, "When will the Moon shine on me?" The poet wants to leave the officialdom early, which is very touching. This poem is not only lyrical with scenery, but also full of emotion, open realm and fresh style. The most fascinating thing is the tempering of rhetoric. According to the original sentence of Hong Mai's Rongzhai Essays, "Spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan" and "Spring breeze is" reaching "in Jiang Nanan", the word "reaching" is circled and the note says "not good". Change it to' country', change it to' gold' and change it to' people' after a circle. If it is ten words, it is designated as' green'. It has really reached the situation of "the language is not amazing and endless". In fact, the poet is not only refining words, but also refining ideas, which is in line with the situation of poetry.
Appreciation 3
The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House commented on Wang Anshi's poem "Dengguazhou" in this way: "The first sentence is' Guazhou is the water room of the Jingkou', and it is written in a pleasing style that he crossed the river from Jingkou and arrived in Guazhou. The word' Yishui' describes that the ship is fast and it will arrive in an instant. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" describes his attachment to Zhongshan, and the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" describes the vibrant scenery, echoing the poet's mood of returning to Beijing. The word "spring breeze" is both realistic and political. Song Shenzong wrote a letter to restore Wang Anshi's phase, indicating his determination to implement the new law. In this respect, the poet is delighted. He hopes to warm the spring breeze, dispel the cold current of politics and create a new situation of political reform. The word "green" also expresses the poet's inner contradiction and expresses the author's desire to resign and return home as soon as possible. This wish was not clearly revealed until the conclusion. " -it is very representative to analyze the poetic nature of the poem "boating in Guazhou" by strengthening political color. However, there is an unreasonable contradiction in this analysis: the poet can neither have the joy of being recalled to Beijing if he wants to resign as soon as possible, nor have the idea of resigning as soon as he takes office in Beijing. The two are like fire and water, and fire and water are incompatible. Some critics also asserted that the poet's return to politics this time can be described as a triumphant return, and he was overjoyed. The homesickness of the so-called "when the moon shines on me" is just an affectation and cannot be taken seriously. "The spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan" means gratitude to the emperor, an optimistic description of the implementation prospect of the new law, and the poet's inner empathy for the joy of governance. The emotional tone of this poem is cheerful and optimistic. The above two theories are the most representative arguments to interpret the poem "Sailing in Guazhou". However, interpreting this poem as a political lyric is neither in line with the poet's specific fate and mood when he created this poem, nor with the connotation of the artistic image constructed by this poem itself. Boating in Guazhou should be a pure homesick poem, and its emotional tone should be melancholy and sad, without the color of relaxation, joy and optimism. The poet was 55 years old when he wrote this poem. In recent years, the court has been arguing and criticizing the new law and the old law endlessly, which makes the implementation of the new law very difficult. Therefore, Wang Anshi, who had some negative thoughts, experienced two setbacks and was exhausted because of the implementation of the new law, and he had a strong sense of boredom with politics. During his dismissal from office, he wrote many poems describing natural scenery and expressing leisure. Wang Anshi resigned twice, so he could not reuse the imperial court, which was responsible for "harmony". Therefore, his appointment this time was very reluctant in terms of mood. After he came to power, he repeatedly requested to remove the post of Prime Minister. Finally, in the second year after his comeback, he got his wish and returned to his hometown Jiangning to live a comfortable and secluded life. It can be seen from this short comeback process that returning to power in the DPRK is not what Wang Anshi expected, but what he is keen on. On the contrary, he regarded his comeback as a fearful road and refused to resign many times. Obviously, writing "Boating in Guazhou" in such a state of mind is inevitably filled with melancholy, sadness and depression, and it is inevitable that there is no deep attachment to the hometown where you are about to leave. How does he express his joy at the return of "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan"? Look at the poem itself. At the end of the poem, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" It is the main theme of the whole poem. It sets a melancholy and sad emotional tone for the whole poem in the form of expressing one's mind directly, and clearly tells people that the poet is not happy to return to politics as he wishes, but is more eager. On the contrary, the poet is far from reaching the capital, and his hometown has not disappeared from sight. In his mind, he has sincerely sent out the idea of going home. Isn't this homesickness deep and sincere? The bright moon sent me away today. When will the bright moon send me back? The official career is sinister, and good or bad luck is unpredictable. The word "dang" is a heavy sigh from the poet's heart, which contains the poet's concern about the sinister career and the future of the implementation of the new law. Poetic worries are deep and the style is desolate. It was a sigh as deep as his voice, a true and natural expression of the poet's depressed mentality. On the other hand, judging from the emotional tone of homesickness set in the conclusion, it is impossible to emphasize the speed of the ship in time to write the poet's relaxed mood in A Water between Guazhou and Jingkou. Like "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains", it emphasizes the distance between the mountains and rivers in my hometown and the poets who traveled to Guazhou in Jiangbei at this time. At this time, the poet "berthed in Guazhou", looking back at the south, the familiar and cordial "Jingkou" is only separated by water, and "Zhongshan" is only separated by several mountains, which is really close at hand. However, the spatial proximity reflects the poet's psychological distance. Because my hometown is so close, but it is out of reach. And with the passage of time, the distance will get bigger and bigger, what's more, I don't know when I will come back, and I don't know when I will see the mountains and rivers of this hometown again. Even he may think more pessimistically whether he can return to his hometown in the future. Here, the poet used the artistic technique that the opposites complement each other from the near to the far, euphemistically and implicitly expressed the sadness and helplessness in the poet's heart, and showed the great sense of loss and loneliness in the poet's heart. In fact, the Yangtze River, several mountains, the spatial distance between them is also very large. The poet writes in a short way to emphasize the poet's strong attachment to his hometown, which is a natural expression of his nostalgia for his hometown. How can he be relaxed and happy? It is precisely because the theme of this poem is to express deep homesickness that the focus of the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" in the poem does not fall on the description of the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, as the general theorists say, and its language focus is not the word "green" but the word "tour". The reason why people especially appreciate the vivid, colorful and infectious description of the beautiful scenery of spring with the adjective "green" as a verb lies in the well-known story of refining Chinese characters recorded in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Xu. In fact, Wang Anshi does not want to describe the beauty of spring scenery in Jiangnan. He is concerned with the word "you", not the word "green". What he wants to express is that the spring breeze is still affectionate. He knows the annual "Green Jiang Nanan", but the poet himself has to leave his hometown in the south of the Yangtze River against his will and re-embark on his official career when the spring breeze turns green in Jiang Nanan. The future of this trip is unpredictable. I don't know when I can "go back" to my hometown in Jiangnan. The word "you" is a true portrayal of the poet's infinite homesickness, which is hard to get rid of. It is precisely because of the first three sentences that the feelings of layering in the landscape have led to the pen of homesickness, which ended the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?" Naturally, it came out and brought homesickness to the extreme. From this perspective, Wang Anshi's visit to Guazhou is not a political lyric poem, but a pure homesickness poem.
Appreciation 4
Comments on Wang Anshi's boating in Guazhou in the Appreciation Dictionary of Song Poetry published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House: This poem was written in February 1075 (the eighth year of Xining). At that time, Wang Anshi went to Beijing for the second time and took a boat to Guazhou. The first sentence, "Guazhou at Jingkou is a water room", writes in a pleasant tone that he crossed the river from Jingkou and arrived in Guazhou. The word "one water sword" describes the rapid and instantaneous arrival of a ship. The second sentence, "Zhongshan is only separated by a few mountains and sands. He wrote a review of Zhongshan with nostalgia. Wang Anshi settled in Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) with his father Wang Yi on 1037 (the fourth year of Jingyou), and Jiangning has since become his resting place. After the first phase, he lived in Jiangning Zhongshan (now Nanjing Zijinshan). The word "only separated" is very close to Zhongshan. It is so common to say that "the interval between several mountain knives" reflects the deep attachment of poetry to Zhongshan; In fact, after all, Zhongshan was blocked by "several mountains", so the poet's sight turned to the river. The ancients said, "Look at the clouds in autumn, the gods fly, and the spring breeze is mighty." The third sentence, "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan", depicts the beautiful spring scenery along the river bank and places the poet's mighty feelings. Among them, the word "green" is carefully selected and very expressive. Hong Mai's "Continued Lent" volume Yakumo: "Wu Jun scholars hide their grass. At the beginning of the cloud, I went to Jiang Nanan again, circled the word "go" as "go" and marked "bad". Change it to' country' and change it to' gold' around it. Change' people'. If it is ten words, it is designated as' green'. The author thinks that the words "Yao", "Yao", "Yao" and "Yao" are not ideal, and only the word "green" is the most alert. This is because: first, the first four words are only based on the flowing wind itself and stick to the bones to describe the invisible spring breeze, which still appears abstract and lacks personality; The word "green" opens up a new layer. Considering the wonderful effect after the spring breeze blows, the invisible spring breeze is transformed into a clear visual image-the spring breeze blows, the grass grows, and thousands of miles cross the river, making it a new green. This shows the spirit of the spring breeze, and this poetry is much deeper. Second, the vibrant scenery described in this sentence is in line with the joy of the poet being recalled to Beijing. The word "spring breeze" is both realistic and divorced from politics. "Spring breeze" actually refers to the emperor's grace. Song Shenzong wrote a letter to restore Wang Anshi's phase, indicating his determination to implement the new law. In this respect, the poet is delighted. He hopes to warm the spring breeze, dispel the cold current of politics and create a new situation of political reform. This kind of mood, expressed by the word "green", is the most subtle and subtle. Thirdly, the word "green" also reveals the poet's inner contradiction, which is the theme of this poem. In view of the sharpness and complexity of the political struggle in the imperial court on the eve of the first ousting of a hundred schools of thought and the exclusive respect for Confucianism, he had to have serious concerns about it. Reform and self-improvement is his political ideal; It is his ideal life to live in seclusion in the mountains and sing about his family. Because of his strong resistance to political reform, he himself was fiercely attacked by the opposition. The beautiful Zhongshan and the quiet mountain forest attracted him deeply. Chu Ci called for a hermit: "If the prince and grandson don't return, the spring grass will grow sad." Wang Wei's farewell: "Spring grass is green every year, but what about you, my friend Prince?" ? ",is the grass green and homesickness together. This sentence is secretly integrated into the poems of predecessors, expressing the author's desire to resign and return to China as soon as possible. This desire was not revealed until the end of the sentence. Needless to say, in the Tang Dynasty, there were many examples of Spring Breeze holding six green knives. Li Bai's "Attendant Yichun Garden Fu Longchi Liu Se Chu Qing listens to the new song of welcoming white clothes": "The spring breeze is green, the grass is green, and the purple section of the red building is in good spring." Qiu Wei's "Farmer's Father Lushe": "When will the spring breeze come? Green Lake has gone up the hill. " The article "Answer to Mr. Li": "The green is faint and sunny, the spring breeze is on the shore, and the red water is faint". All these provide reference for Wang Anshi, but from the depth of expressing thoughts and feelings, the above example is inferior, so this sentence can be said to be shine on you and better than Blue. To sum up, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" In terms of time, it is night. The poet looked back for a long time, unaware that the red sun was setting in the west and the bright moon was rising. Although the scenery on the other side disappeared in the dim moonlight, the attachment to Zhongshan deepened. He believed that he would jump into the old forest one day, so he expressed this idea in a rhetorical way at last. "The words often change, and the works come out." This poem is known as "Transcendent Miron, who can catch up with Du Li Xie Tao" ("zhouyan's Poems"). This is caused by "frequency change". However, the beauty of this poem is not limited to one word. Only by appreciating the spirit of the whole poem can we get its essence. (Author: Wu Ruyu, with changes) [1]
Comment on editing this poem
This is a famous lyric poem, which expresses the poet's deep affection for overlooking the south of the Yangtze River and missing his hometown. Literally, this poem shows nostalgia for my hometown. I have a great desire to fly across the river and reunite with my relatives. In fact, there is also a strong desire to return to politics and implement the New Deal between the lines. When the poet looks back at the south of the Yangtze River, the land is green, which is of course the green of spring breeze, but isn't the lush rice seedlings the actual effect of the reform measures such as the Young Seedling Law? However, officialdom is full of dangers. The poet looked at Guazhou Ferry and the bright moon in Zhongshan and sighed, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" The poet wants to leave the officialdom early, which reflects the author's desire to return to his hometown without interest disputes. It is very touching. This poem is not only lyrical with scenery, but also full of emotion, open realm and fresh style. The most fascinating thing is the tempering of rhetoric. Among them, the word "green" can be understood by the poet's modification of words, and the blowing is changed to green in order to be vivid. Before this, Wang Anshi also changed the word many times, but in the end it was changed to "green".
Edit the introduction of the author of this paragraph.
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086), a famous writer and politician in Song Dynasty, was born in Linchuan, Fuchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). He is the young Wang Anshi.
[2] At that time, the article was well written and was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu. Wang Anshi became a scholar at the age of twenty and worked as a local official several times. When he was a county official in Yinxian (now Yinxian, Zhejiang), it happened that the disaster there was serious and the people's lives were very difficult. Wang Anshi built water conservancy, improved traffic and managed it in an orderly manner. 1069 (the second year of Xining, Song Shenzong), actively carried out reforms to alleviate people's difficulties. 1085 (eight years of Yuanfeng), the new law was abolished, and Wang Anshi suffered from anxiety and died the following year. Wang Anshi struggled to realize his political ideal all his life, and closely linked literary creation with political activities. Because he holds the concept of "application" in his literary creation, his poems have a strong political color, which directly serves his political struggle. Wang Anshi's prose is mostly political. These works, on the basis of profound analysis, put forward clear opinions and have strong persuasiveness. For example, Answering Sima Shi's admonition analyzes Sima Guang's criticism of the new law, which is concise, tactful and firm, and shows his political attitude of adhering to principles. Wang Anshi's prose pays more attention to the persuasiveness of theory than to brewing atmosphere, describing objects and impressing readers emotionally. Therefore, his prose is generally excellent in conception, strong in logic and generality, and simple in language. This is also the result of his literary proposition. Like prose, Wang Anshi's poems are full of political content and obvious tendency, showing sympathy for the people and melancholy for the future of society. As well as his resistance to traditional ideas, fully expressed his lofty political aspirations and positive attitude towards life. Many of his poems about nostalgia for the past also endowed him with great political ambitions and critical spirit. After retiring in his later years, changes in his life and mood changed his poetic style, and he created many small poems describing lakes and mountains, paying more attention to the tempering of poetic art. There are many representative works, such as "Boating in Guazhou" and "Guazhou in Jingkou is separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains". The spring breeze in Jiang Nanan is green. When will the bright moon shine on me? "These poems are novel and unique, and their words and sentences are appropriate and natural. They are indeed more mature in art than in their early years, but the political enthusiasm in previous years' poems has greatly declined at this time. [3]
Edit the related extensions of this paragraph.
Jingkou
Jingkou is today's Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, near the Yangtze River. Guazhou is an island on the other side (now it is gone). Because it is also the Yangtze River exit of the Grand Canal, the water traffic is very busy. The name Zhenjiang has been used for more than 800 years. The evolution of the name of Zhenjiang reflects that Zhenjiang has always been an important political center and a battleground for military strategists. Since 1985, Zhenjiang has been listed as an open coastal city, a key tourist city and a famous historical and cultural city in China. From 65438 to 0987, Zhenjiang Port was officially opened to foreign ships, and the port management service facilities such as customs and commodity inspection were relatively complete. Since then, the name "Zhenjiang" has become even more famous, and it is known on five continents all over the world.
Guazhou
Guazhou is located in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province today. Guazhou Gudu Scenic Area is a national water conservancy scenic area, located at the intersection of the lower reaches of the ancient canal and the Yangtze River in Yangzhou, and it is 15km away from the famous historical and cultural city of Yangzhou. Runyang Highway Bridge, Zhenjiang Qidu and Yangzhou Port are neighbors, and Zhenjiang Jinshan Temple faces the park across the river. It is the throat connecting generations of people in the north and south of the Yangtze River, and it is a famous Millennium temple. "Surabaya flow, Bianshui flow, flows to Guazhou ancient ferry". After a thousand years of ancient crossing, the scenic spot still exists. Jian Zhen, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, set sail from here and sailed eastward to Japan. Emperor Kanggan and poets of past dynasties all passed through Guazhou, leaving many well-known poems. It is here that the story of Du Shiniang's anger sinking into the treasure chest happened. Gudu Site, Imperial Monument Pavilion and Zaojing Pavilion have become good places for Chinese and foreign guests to explore the ancient times.
Zhongshan
There is Zhongshan in Nanjing. Nanjing Zhongshan Scenic Area, located in the northeast suburb of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is one of the first national scenic spots in China. With Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum as the center, it includes two major areas, Purple Mountain and Xuanwu Lake, with a total area of about 45 square kilometers. The beautiful natural scenery and rich historical relics here enjoy the reputation of "Jinling Yu Xiu". Zhongshan, the remaining vein of Maoshan Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, is located outside the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing. In ancient times, it was called Jinling Mountain and Shengyou Mountain. In the Three Kingdoms period, Soochow was called Shan Jiang. It is 7.4 kilometers long from east to west, 3 kilometers wide from north to south and about 20 kilometers in circumference. It twists and turns, was thrown into Youlong, so the ancients called it "clock plate". There are purple shale formations on the mountain. Under the sunlight, Purple Mountain is brilliant from a distance, so people also call it Purple Mountain. There are three peaks in the mountain: the north peak of the main peak is 468 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Jinling; The second peak is in the southeast, named Xiaomaoshan, with an altitude of 360 meters, and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is at its southern foot. The third peak is in the southwest. Because the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once built Tianbao City on the mountain, it is called Tianbao Mountain, with an altitude of 250 meters. The famous Purple Mountain Observatory was built on the top of this mountain. Xuanwu Lake is located in the west of Zhongshan and the north of Nanjing. It was called Sangbo in ancient times, also known as Houhu. Lakes and mountains, beautiful scenery. Xuanwu Lake Park is now built, with an area of 4.7 square kilometers, of which the water surface accounts for about 3.7 square kilometers, and the circumference around the lake is about 10 kilometers. There are islands in the lake, which are called continents and connected by bridges. The lake is rippling with blue waves, the island is lush with green trees and picturesque green hills, and it is also a "treasure land" for scenic tourism in Jinling. There are also ancient Taicheng ruins, Jiming Temple and Arctic Pavilion nearby. Address: Nanjing Zhongshan Scenic Area is located in the northeast suburb of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.