Chinese reading problem-solving skills
First, summarize the main points.
1, quote the original sentence as the answer. 2. Select the important words and sentences in the text and combine them into answers. 3. Divide relevant content levels. There are usually several levels and points.
Second, the emotional enlightenment class
1, grasp the center of the paragraph, understand the meaning of the paragraph, and contact the center to answer. 2, contact yourself or the actual situation of society, cause feelings. 3, choose words and make sentences, pay attention to three beauties: use ancient poems and famous sayings; Appropriate use of rhetorical devices such as comparison, metaphor and parallelism; Use idioms. 4. Stealing the column: reinterpret the author's experience and views in this article in his own words.
Third, the taste of words.
1, the taste of the word: a. Try to figure out the joys and sorrows expressed by the word. B. Analyze rhetorical devices and understand the implied meaning of words.
2, sentence taste: A, see if the sentence has philosophy: whether there is philosophy. You can learn from what it brings you.
B, look at the sentence structure (different sentences have different expression effects): the tone of the declarative sentence is stable and tepid; Asking questions can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; Rhetorical questions can strengthen language potential; Exclamation sentences can express strong feelings; Parallelism is profound and magnificent.
C, from the rhetorical point of view: metaphor makes the meaning easy to understand and concrete; Exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; Personification can visualize things; Contrast gives a vivid impression; Satire is humor, satire.
Fourth, the first-instance rhetoric of sentence imitation, second, sentence patterns, third, the relationship between sentences, fourth, stylistic color, fifth, words to be preserved and words to be replaced. Rhetoric, sentence patterns, relationships between sentences and stylistic colors are all understood, and it is not difficult to imitate them. In the absence of answering ideas, we should consider the words that correspond to and are the same as the keywords in the example, such as the imitation of the sentence "Without the openness of the blue sky, there will be leisure of white clouds". From the exam questions, we can know: 1. We should keep "no" 3 to get the answer: "Without the vastness of the ocean, there can be a surging river; There are no swift rivers, but clear streams; Without the rigor of the mountain, there can be the exquisiteness of the mound; Without the brightness of tall buildings, there can be the warmth of straw houses "and so on.
V. Paragraph Structure Category
(1) It is required to understand the important paragraphs of the article and understand their functions in the full text.
Class problem-solving mode: look at the position of a sentence or paragraph in the text and choose its functional category in the text. If used at the beginning of an article, it mainly leads to the following, always leads to the full text, leads to suspense, comes straight to the point, points to the point, ambush pen and so on. If used in the middle of the article, it is mainly: connecting the preceding with the following, summarizing the above and leading out the following. If it is used at the end of the article, it mainly includes: summarizing the full text, taking care of the beginning (topic), pointing out the center, deepening the main idea of the article and so on.
(2) Summary: (1) The main content of the narrative is to grasp the six elements. (2) Argumentative paragraph: Grasp the first sentence and key sentences of the paragraph.
Sixth, according to the viewpoint put forward in this paper, add examples.
It depends on what kind of example you are asked to give, whether it is a celebrity or something else. 1, you can cite celebrity examples, which are more convincing and show your knowledge, but you must write accurate figures and events and avoid arrogance. 2, you can also give examples of people, you can make them up, but you should pay attention to realism, not too exaggerated, so that people can know at a glance that they are made up.
VII. Introduction:
1. argument: it is the author's views and opinions on the things or problems discussed.
(1) Cut to the chase and put forward the central argument.
(2) Ask questions about the phenomenon. Then put forward the central argument.
(3) Put forward the argument according to the life cases that I have experienced personally.
(4) ask questions from the story, and then put forward arguments.
(5) Put forward the central argument in some way. For example: metaphor, contrast and so on.
Expression sentence of argument: the expression form of argument is often affirmative or negative, and it must be a clear statement sentence, which can be a single sentence or a complex sentence.
2, the position of the argument: A is often placed at the beginning of the article, B is placed in the middle of the article, C is placed at the end of the article, D title is directly put forward, E is not directly reflected in the article, it is for readers to summarize.
3. Type of parameter.
Arguments include: central argument and sub-argument. Argumentative essays in junior high schools generally have only one central argument.
4. Frequently asked questions in the exam:
(1) How is the argument put forward? (2) Summarize and find out the argument or central argument of the article.
5. Make clear the methods and steps to analyze the argument: first, we should perceive the text as a whole, summarize the main points paragraph by paragraph (seize the key words), have a general understanding of the content of the article, and then analyze it in detail: (1) Pay attention to the general position of the argument. Argument is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, that is, the views to be proved by the article. The position of the argument in an article often depends on the author's discussion needs. In other words, the author must carefully, reasonably and effectively consider the position of the argument in order to better prove the argument. Generally, there are the following types: 1. Look at the title. The title of an argumentative essay sometimes reveals the topic and sometimes reveals the argument. Whether it is to reveal the topic or the argument, it will help us find the argument. 2. Look at the beginning. For the method of writing, start with the topic. Check the first paragraph of the article and catch the sentences that refer to the full text. 3. Look at the end. At the end of the article, the author often summarizes the content of the full text, sometimes rebates the center, and sometimes reveals the center at the end. (2) review the questions. See clearly what is the theme of Chu's article, or you can grasp the theme of the article, and then what are the author's views and opinions in this theme. In this way, the author's point of view will be clearer. (3) refute the inference point through arguments. In order to better explain the truth, the author often uses arguments to prove his point of view. That is, grasping the facts or arguments used to prove in the article, especially the words elaborated by the author, can often help you understand.
Eight, argument-facts and reasons used to prove the argument.
1, argument type: ① factual arguments-including historical facts, stories, examples in real life, social phenomena, etc. (2) Rationality argument-Road argument refers to the correct theory that has been tested by people's practice and recognized by the society, including social science theories, such as philosophy theory, natural science principles, theorems, formulas, proverbs, aphorisms, poems, etc.
2. The role of argument: Whether it is truth argument or fact argument, their role in argumentative writing is used to prove the argument. -This is the general idea.
Common examination form: 1, and the supplementary argument is consistent with the argument. (This requires students to: a) master comprehensive argumentation; B) think about whether this argument is consistent with this argument. ) 2. Judge whether a paragraph or sentence is a factual argument or a rational argument. 3. The role of arguments.
Nine, argument-is the method to prove the argument with arguments.
Argumentation and its functional category: 1. Argument with examples: Use concrete examples to powerfully demonstrate XXX's views or arguments. (The idea is to find a sentence that focuses on discussion from the context, or summarize it in the original words, or summarize it yourself. ) 2. Reasoning and argumentation: quoting famous sayings is authoritative and effectively demonstrates XX's views or arguments. 3. Metaphorical argument: easy to understand and vividly prove XX's views or arguments. 4. Comparative argument: clearly demonstrate XX's views or arguments. (Note: When answering the function of argumentation method, consider the content first, and then consider it from the perspective of argumentation. Strong arguments are essential. When looking for an argument method, the order of analogy argument, contrast argument, example argument and reason argument can be foolproof. )
X. What is argument? There are only two kinds: case argument and cause argument.
Eleven, argumentative essay at the beginning of the answer.
Generally, the beginning has three functions, but it depends on how to start.
(1) (Quoting the phenomena in life or quoting the poems of scenes in life, etc. ) enhance the vividness of the article and attract readers.
(2) Initiate the following discussion (ideas, viewpoints, arguments, topics)
(3) What arguments are used to prove the argument.
Twelve, the role of environmental description:
1, the main function of social environment description: ① to explain the background of the work. (2) In the answer, it is necessary to combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality is revealed by the relevant statements of environmental description in this paper.
2. The main functions of description of natural environment: ① To set off and render the atmosphere of ××, and lay the foundation for the following. (2) Express the emotion of the character ××. ③ Suggest the social environment. Combined with specific context: Set the background as: 19991October 20th, Beijing time1month 20th, Beijing time1month 20th, Beijing time1month 20th, Beijing time 12.
The role of environmental description can be judged from the following six situations: whether to highlight the emotions of the characters, whether to render the atmosphere, whether to set the background, whether to highlight the characters' personality, whether to deepen the theme and whether to promote the development of the plot.
Thirteen. Function class of expression
Common expressions are: narration, description, discussion, explanation and lyricism.
Discussion in Narration: Point out the Center or Sublimate the Theme?
Fourteen, characterization technology and its role
The methods of characterization include: description of language, action, appearance (expression, portrait) and psychology (front, side and details).
A: This passage uses the description technique of ××, shapes the image of × (if the profile description is used as a foil), shows the physique of ××, and embodies the spiritual quality of ××.
Fifteen, the pronoun refers to the object of the judgment class.
1, common pronouns are: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this ...;
2. generally look forward;
3. After finding it, read it in the sentence where the pronoun is located to see if it is appropriate and fluent.
Remember: 1 and find out the attitude or tendency in the stem. If the stem of the question is in a negative form, take the answer method of reverse first and then correct to avoid missing the main points; If your question is in a positive form, use a positive answer. 2. Find out the composition form of the stem language and determine the answer language form. The structure of stem is an external form of expression, which implies what the meaning of a sentence is made of. The analysis structure can prompt candidates how to organize the language when answering questions. 3. Finding out the author's words and the proposer's words in the topic are generally the objects that students should understand and analyze, and the proposer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer the key points or provide restrictive conditions. 4. Change implication into directness and differentiation into generalization. Modern Chinese reading materials in NMET are mostly prose, and the language is not only rich in connotation, but also attaches great importance to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are specific. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, we should first integrate the relevant information in the text to find out the similarities and differences of the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the concrete and visualized sentences with the same information in the text to transform these concrete and visualized languages into abstract and summarized languages, which is the mandatory answer. 5. Select, refine and integrate sentences from the original text. The purpose of modern text reading is to master and understand the information that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, we should understand the work according to the author's thinking and find the answer from the original text. But it is not extracted directly, sometimes it is rewritten on the basis of words or sentences in the article, and sometimes it is necessary to consider the whole text and extract relevant information from each paragraph for integration. This kind of questions appear most in the college entrance examination. In addition, we should also find out the common noun terms in the test questions.