1. If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your ruler. It means that you are worried when you advance, and you are also worried when you retreat. But when will you be happy? It must be said: "Be worried about the world's worries first, and then be happy when the world is happy."
2. Interpretation
① If you live high in a temple, you will worry about the people; if you are an official in the court, you will worry about the people. To live high in the temple: To be in a high temple means to be an official in the court. Temple, ancestral temple. Hall, palace. Temple: refers to the imperial court. The word "jin" below refers to "living high in the temple".
② When you are far away from the rivers and lakes, you worry about your monarch: When you are an official in a remote place, you worry about your monarch. Being far away from the rivers and lakes: Being in a remote rivers and lakes means not being an official in the court. It: a sign of postposition of attributive. Yes, that's it. The "retreat" below refers to "being far away from the rivers and lakes".
③ Worry about the worries of the world first, and rejoice after the pleasures of the world: worry before the people of the world worry, and enjoy after the people of the world enjoy.
Fan Zhongyan (August 29, 989 - May 20, 1052), courtesy name Xiwen, Han nationality. A native of Wu County, Wu County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). A famous official, outstanding thinker, politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
After losing his father when he was young, his mother remarried to the Zhu family of Changshan and changed her name to Zhu Shuo. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), he passed the imperial examination and was awarded the title of Guangde Army Manager to join the army. He welcomed his mother back to his hometown and changed his name back to his original name. He successively moved to Xinghua County Magistrate, Secret Pavilion School Manager, Chenzhou Tongpan, Suzhou Magistrate, etc. He was repeatedly criticized for speaking out and impartially. In the first year of Kangding (1040), he and Han Qi were appointed deputy envoys of Shaanxi Economic Strategy to appease and recruit, and adopted the policy of "garrisoning the fields for a long time" to consolidate the northwest border defense. In the third year of Qingli (1043), he served as the counselor of political affairs and initiated the "Qingli New Deal".
After the setback of the New Deal, he was demoted out of the capital and knew Pizhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year of Huangyou's reign (1052), he changed his name to Yingzhou, helped his illness and took office. He died on the way at the age of sixty-four. Posthumously presented to the Minister of War and Duke of Chu, he was given the posthumous title "Wenzheng" and was known as Duke Fan Wenzheng in the world.
He had outstanding political achievements throughout his life, was knowledgeable about military affairs, and had outstanding literary achievements. The idea of ??"worrying about the world's worries first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness" and the integrity of people with lofty ideals advocated by him have a profound influence on future generations. His works include "Collected Works of Fan Wenzhenggong" handed down to the world.