Rereading this classic, we are not only deeply shocked by the strong cosmic consciousness and the cosmic spirit sublimated from the cosmic consciousness, but also impressed by the author's poetic psychological time and space. This admiration is simply a conquest of philosophy, that is, a conquest of poetic philosophy.
Poetic philosophy is German romantic aesthetics. German romantic philosophy theory, which was born in 1795- 1800, keenly found the sharp conflict between the meaning, value and destination of life and technology in the anxiety, reflection and criticism of industrial civilization, so "where to put the eternal spiritual home of limited life" became the focus of their attention. The philosophy and poetic theory of German romanticism have important implications for us to further understand the poetic beauty of Zhang's A Moonlit Night on a Spring River.
"Even the sea level spring tide, the bright moon * * * tide at sea. I travel thousands of miles with the waves, and there is no moon by the river "-from Jiangyue, it can be described as" horizontal ". Jiang Lianhai was born in the sea, and the moon shines on the river. This kind of serial beauty is presented in the vast time and space thousands of miles away. It is extremely obvious that the poet has a big mind, a wide vision and a heroic look at the universe.
"The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the forest. First frost is floating in the air, but there is no white sand on the pavilion. " -Around the river, flowers and pavilions are used to set off the light of the moon. Its beauty is like graupel and frost, and the materialization of feeling makes people enjoy life instantly in silence and beauty. Spiritual experience is extremely subtle.
"Jiang Tian is clean, and there is a solitary moon wheel in the sky; Who saw the moon by the river for the first time? At the beginning of the month, the bright moon shines on people "-the bright moon is in the sky and the river is clean and beautiful. "This kind of beauty comes from the poet's heart, and when will anyone ask: Can a limited individual life surpass time and gain eternal and infinite value? The eternal question touches the eternal mystery.
"Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiangyue is only similar year after year; I don't know who Jiang Yue treats, but I see the Yangtze River delivering water "-the individual life of human beings is limited, but human life is passed down from generation to generation without end, just as Jiang Yue is eternal in the universe. Could it be that Jiang Yue is also a lover? Are you waiting for her lover? If Jiang Yue is affectionate, then people should be more affectionate; However, the life of a conscious individual is limited. Look at the eternity of the Yangtze River. Isn't it just like being handed down from generation to generation? The poet seems to have an epiphany from the universe to the balance between finite and infinite. This is a poetic era, a poetic philosophy. Schlaege said: "In a strict philosophical sense, eternity is not nothingness, it is not a futile denial of time, but an integral and indivisible whole of time. Generally speaking, all the factors of time are not torn to pieces, but intimately mixed together, so there is such a situation: the past love blooms again in a truth that will never disappear, and now life has the future hope and the bud of success. " China poets in the 7th century reached a silent agreement with German romantic poets in17th century. What an interesting dialogue between China and the West! And this dialogue is very philosophical!
"A piece of white clouds leisurely, clear maple pu sorrow. Whose ship is sailing tonight, where is the moon "-in eternal time, love is eternal and pure; Love is eternal and pure. "The love of the past blooms again in the eternal truth formed in the eternal review, and now life has the hope of the future and the bud of success." Wandering from the river to the sky, but thinking about women, from the size of the universe to the lovesickness of the world, shows that pure love transcends time and space.
"Poor wandering upstairs, should take care of people make-up mirror. The curtain of the jade pot could not be rolled up, but it was brushed back on the anvil. At this time, I don't know each other. I hope China will shine on you every month. Hongyan flies in the sky, and fish Long Qian jumps in the water. Last night, I dreamed that the idle pool had fallen, and the poor spring had not returned. Flowers fall on the spring river, and the moon on the river inclines to the west "—— The thoughts of wanderers and the words of thinking about women, which were originally two major themes of Nineteen Ancient Poems and Yuefu, are more typical and poetic in Zhang's works. In romantic aesthetics, "the so-called beauty is nothing more than an objective spiritual meaning." Beauty can only come from the heart of the person being cared for, and it can only be the intuitive content aroused by emotions. " Because aesthetic intuition excludes the secular consideration of experience, its understanding of objective reality should return to the heart to pursue a poetic state of mind, it should reorganize and reconstruct a new spatio-temporal state of mind according to the internal time experienced by the self, and it should lead the perceptual individual out of the limited provisions in the same state of mind, so as to achieve "the blending and unity of the intuitive subject and the intuitive object presented in the subjective state of mind." Moreover, romantic aesthetics holds that "real poetry is an objective expression of the same state of mind." This is an eternal world that is absolutely beyond time, and the value of life is here. It's just that time has been cancelled and instantly solidified into eternity. "From this point of view, there is probably no obstacle to understanding the thoughts of vagrants and the words of women's thinking appearing in poems.
"The slanting moon hides the sea fog, and the Jieshi Xiaoxiang is infinite; I don't know how many people return home every month, and the month is full of affection. " -finally putting pen to paper is as wonderful as kickback. Three comments on Qu's "Three Hundred Tang Poems": "This will wipe out the flowers and moons along the Spring River, but it will form a love story, indicating that the moon can set, the spring can be exhausted, and the flowers can be abandoned, but without it, you can't get love ... There are many things in this love story, which are always shaking, and the whole poem will be summarized." You're right. However, the "love" here really seems to come from the instantaneous experience mentioned in romantic aesthetics. "Individuals who experience in an instant, based on imagination, constantly project their past into the future, transcend time and space, transcend life and death, and turn the moment into eternity." From the rising of the moon to the setting of the moon, this is an endless infinite time; From Jieshi to Xiaoxiang, this is another cosmic space. In imagination, the poet created a brand-new poetic space-time world for us, namely "strong cosmic consciousness" and "pure love sublimated from cosmic consciousness". The universe is eternal, and so is "pure love sublimated from the consciousness of the universe", so "in the face of magical eternity, the author has only consternation, no longing and no sadness." In this way, the individual's self and eternity become one and become the self of the universe.
This is the case with Zhang's "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", which starts from Jiangyue and ends at Jiangyue. In the poetic time and space of looking up at the lonely moon and overlooking the river and sea, the universal consciousness and human true love show a beautiful realm, and in the spiritual inquiry of realizing the limited life and pursuing the infinite end-result of life, they are thinking about the eternal mystery. "Isolated articles are absolutely unique, but for everyone" is really not an exaggeration. There is a kind of "implicit lyric method", "although the emotion itself is written as it is, the object of feeling is hidden in the past and used as a symbol by another thing." (Emotion expressed in China's verse) Although this poem is written on the riverside, wandering about thinking about women, it is not to tell readers that there is such a scenery and such a world. He just wants to show his beautiful vision and faint sadness. At the beginning, it is written under the moon, which is broad, quiet, beautiful and not vulgar. It is a brand-new realm, which can quite symbolize the spiritual outlook of scholars in the early Tang Dynasty: they have never suffered setbacks, have not entered the WTO deeply, love life, and are pure and flawless. Then, the author used two sentences, "Who sees the moon at first sight by the river, and the moon shines on people at the beginning of the river", and wrote the contradiction that the universe is boundless and life is limited, which is both philosophical and as naive as a child's question. In addition, the connection with the eternal river and moon highlights his inner world: because he is in a wonderful situation and can't grasp the true meaning of life in the universe, he has a faint and persistent sadness. The woman's mind in the building below is just a symbol. The author still expresses his own sadness and longing. When the spring scenery is sultry, I miss the bright moon on the roof. The moon is in the sky, its reflection is in the water, and its brilliance is everywhere. She hopes that the people in the sky are like geese and the people in the water are like ichthyosaurs, and they can take a ride to "where the flowers fall on the riverside" for a good night. However, the moonlight in the sky can't be ridden, and the moonlight in the water is equally helpless. The flying flowers in the dream and the flowing water in front of us all indicate that spring is fading away, and the moon attached to it is more inclined to the west and has fallen. The moonlit night by the river is beautiful, but the fly in the ointment is that the separation between the two places failed to live up to tonight's moonlit night by the river. The author's parting sorrow is far from grief. Gu Yuefu's saying "eat more and look more" and Li Qingzhao's "frown, but think" all seem heavy. In "Moonlit Night on a Spring River", although there is sadness, it is hard to hide lightness; Although there is a sigh, there is no pessimism. This is the spirit of the early Tang literati! They have just set foot on the road of life, with ideals, confidence and vitality, but lack of experience. This group is facing the world during the period of rising national strength. On the one hand, it feels beautiful, on the other hand, it still feels a little inadequate, which should be better. What is missing, how to become better, they can't say anything, only vaguely feel that this is a big problem in the universe. To accurately express such a complicated inner experience, we cannot rely on logical thinking and logical expression. According to Liang Qichao, we should find a symbol, but according to China's poetics, we might as well find a sustenance. For Zhang, it is the best choice to rely on the wanderer who misses his wife and where he is. Vast scenes, beautiful words, melodious tones, and the use of a unique artistic means: the word "Jiang" and the word "Yue" are suddenly combined and separated, suddenly separated and combined, changing rapidly, wonderful and mysterious, showing the most typical artistic conception in the early Tang Dynasty.
People of insight in ancient times once said that Zhang "prospered the Tang Dynasty with an isolated article". "Absolute" means "crossing". The moonlight on the spring river marks the transition of poetry from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The early Tang Dynasty was full of youthful vigor, but it was always a little childish. The great poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty have matured and have a deeper feeling for the life of the universe. And this "transition" is just between childish and mature. Modern theory holds that there are nine stages in the development of human subjectivity: freedom, nature, self-knowledge, self-loss, self-consciousness, self-improvement, self-reliance and freedom. Among them, "self-lost" is the key: it denies naive self-satisfaction, thus sprouting a conscious new machine. A new social group-people looking forward to "Tian Shelang at dusk is the king's palace". At that time, just as people were young and entered the stage of self-loss, some philosophical questions unexpectedly appeared, asking questions about cosmic life that could never get a complete answer; In this constant questioning, I gradually feel that I have deepened my understanding of life in the universe, thus daily growing. Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River is about this lost stage. He does not write thoughts, but only artistic conception and atmosphere, which is in line with the artistic principles of poetry.