Academic goal
1. Master relevant keywords, words, sentences and the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns;
2. Grasp the image of the character by reading several events of the character;
3. Feel the theme of the article and explore the profound philosophical implications.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Summarize and master related keywords, words, sentences and the characteristics of classical Chinese sentence patterns;
2. Feel the theme of the article and explore the profound philosophical implications.
Teaching time
The second class hour
Preview before class
1. Use notes to understand the meaning of the text, and mark the words, words and sentences that you don't understand.
2. What genre is this article?
3. What are the things about Wen and Ke described in the article? What kind of person is Wen and Ke?
4. What is the main idea of this article? How does the author express this theme?
Teaching arrangement
first kind
I. Import
(The displayed text can draw Zheng Banqiao and others in ink. )
There is an old idiom in China, which is called "have a plan", also called "have a plan". This interesting story was told by Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, in The Valley Literati Painting Bamboo. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a man who was good at painting bamboo, and he was also Su Shi's cousin, with the same surname and word as Ke.
According to relevant historical records, he planted many bamboos around his apartment. Whether in winter or summer, rain or shine, he should carefully observe bamboo and study their changes and postures in different seasons and different weather. After a long time, the bamboo he drew with ink is moving and full of life. One of his good friends once wrote a poem praising: "When you can draw bamboo, you have a well-thought-out plan." In other words, before he put pen to paper, he conceived the image of bamboo in his mind, that is, "so painting bamboo must be in his chest first."
Coincidentally, it is said that Mr. Qi Baishi, a master of modern Chinese painting in China, once built a device to raise shrimps in his room, and observed their postures and postures from time to time, which made the shrimps described by Mr. Qi Lao have different postures and lifelike. The two stories tell the same truth. We must observe and study objective things repeatedly, and finally we can create a complete and vivid artistic image.
Su Shi himself is not good at painting, but the article brilliantly shows the main links and basic processes of artistic creation from observation to conception, from study to practice, and then to expression. In fact, the article is not only telling people how to draw, "You can't give it, but you know why", which contains profound philosophy and significance.
Two. Solution to the problem
Wen (10 18 ~ 1079) is Su Shi's cousin, who is 18 years older than Su Shi. Wen and Ke were famous for their bamboo paintings, and they were the representatives of Mozi School at that time. Zong Shenxi Ning for eight years (1075) became well-known in Yangzhou (now Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was renamed Huzhou (now Huzhou, Zhejiang) and died in Zhou Chen (now Zhucheng, Shandong) on his way to his post.
In March of the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was appointed as the magistrate of Huzhou. At this time, Wen has passed away. On July 7, when Su Shi was drying his calligraphy and painting, he found the late Bamboo Map in the Valley and wrote this miscellany. This article is a typical excellent prose of Su Shi's natural art and natural posture.
Check the preview and pronounce the following words correctly.
Close to the legacy of this book () Literati () Excerpt () Leng Jian ()
Have you ever forgiven the dragon for spitting rice?
In the past ()
4. Read the text and think.
Read through the full text, make clear the meaning of the text, and record the problems you encounter when reading this article.
5. Organize the structure of the article
The first section expounds Wen Heke's painting theory and talks about his own artistic practice.
1 The floor starts with bamboo, and it is proposed to draw bamboo with a plan in mind.
Second-tier writers' own experience in learning literature and painting.
The third layer evaluates Su Zhe's point of view, which shows that he can understand the painting theory of literature and possibility better than his younger brother.
The second paragraph recalled several interesting things related to painting bamboo during their communication.
1 block asked the painter's silk to the ground, saying it was worn as socks and passed on as a joke.
The second letter expresses the aesthetic view that similarity is more important than form in artistic creation.
The third article narrates one of his poems "Moon Valley", which made Wen and his wife eat for it.
The third paragraph explains the reason for writing this article, indicating that their relationship is deep and close.
Knowledge accumulation of intransitive verbs
(A) focus on mastering vocabulary
1. It is its legacy and possibility to call it "Zhu Mo Fu". 2. Throw it everywhere.
3. Use it as an excuse. 4. Readers have nothing to do with this.
5. Everything else is true. 6. The moon falls on the court and the shadow is long.
7. Scholars in modern languages. Because the painting "Yan Gu Yan Zhu" was left to me.
9. And I also include words that can be laughed at in the past.
(2) Common words and ancient and modern synonyms
1. Harmony has nothing to do with Chen Zhou. 2. Less is fleeting.
1. It was not expensive at first. Long after the moon goes down.
I cried and lost my voice. 4. I think of socks.
5. Send a letter to get a poem 6. Readers are related to it.
7. Take the book as a legacy.
(C) the phenomenon of flexible use of parts of speech
1. I will buy land and go back to my old age.
3. disgusting 4. From snake to sword.
5. Don't be expensive at first
functional word
It is 1. Today, the painter did it step by step. 2. It's Fu's legacy.
The rest is Xuzhou. 4. Give it to the right person.
5. I think of socks
Yes 1. Nowadays, painters come step by step. 2. They see what they want to draw.
Its 1. It's the one who sees what he wants to draw. 2. Is it unique?
3. Give and regret. 4. Chase what you see.
5. Why? 6. Did you get what you wanted?
However, 1. See yourself clearly. 2. You can't give it.
3.250 pieces of silk
Use 1 I left it for 2 because of the painting. I can leave it to Yue.
3. I will think of socks
1. The beginning of bamboo 2. Lovely ears an inch long.
3. Born. 4. Be absent from something.
5. Biography of scholar-officials 6. Readers and it
(E) Classical Chinese sentence patterns
1. Those who know why they can't, however, are different inside and outside, have different minds and hands, and don't learn much.
2. Ziyou is Zhu Mo-fu's last work.
Step 3: Step on the door.
4. People who have searched from snake to sword for ten times are born.
5. So, everyone who is unfamiliar is familiar with it.
6. I think of socks
7. Scholar-officials promoted it as ammunition.
8. People all over the world are invited by others.
9. So you must draw bamboo on your chest first.
10. The wheel is flat, and so is the wheel.
1 1. Do you have any bamboo?
12. Is there thousands of feet bamboo in the world?
(6) Translation of difficult sentences
1. Those who look for snakes and swords are born.
2. Now painters are doing it step by step, and the leaves are tired. How can there be bamboo?
3. The husband knows the reason but can't, but there are differences inside and outside, and the heart and hands don't correspond, and he is ignorant and ignorant.
Therefore, anyone who is not familiar with it can feel at ease and see clearly, but he is suddenly lost in the incident, so he is not alone!
It is wrong for the master to entrust him to Sizhu, so he should be given the right path.
6. Socks should be pulled from children.
7. Perilla argued, but only 250 horses, I will buy a field and enjoy my old age.
Second lesson
I. Import (omitted)
2. Read carefully and think about the following questions.
1. Is this article focused on the creative ideas of "having answers" and "holding hands", or is it a recollection of the deep friendship with Wen?
2. Is the main idea of the article rational or emotional?
3. What genre is this article? What events of Wen and Ke are described in this paper, and what characters of Wen and Ke are explained respectively?
The first part of the article describes this painting. What is its intention?
5. Since the title of the article is Literature and Paintable Gu Zhu Ji, why is painting rarely described? At the end of the article, Cao Cao and Qiao Xuan reflected his close relationship with Wen and Ke. What does this have to do with the main idea of the article?
Three. Discussion on the problem
1. What genre is this article?
2. What are the things about Wen and Ke described in the article? What kind of person is Wen and Ke?
3. What is the main idea of this article? How does the author express this theme?
Clear:
1. Style, essays;
2. Describing the disgusting secular pursuit of literature and painting shows that he is refined and indifferent, and answering with Su Shi's poems and paintings shows that he is a talented and unrestrained person;
3. The main idea of the article is to describe the profound friendship between the two people and the grief of seeing things and thinking about others; The article not only expresses the intimate relationship between the two people through daily anecdotes, but also expresses their deep friendship through allusions, thus writing out their thoughts and nostalgia for Wen.
4. Feeling and thinking
What enlightenment and lessons can we get from reading Su Wen?
Reference: Before you do anything, you should carefully analyze what you have done beforehand, grasp various factors and conditions of objective things, make full ideological and material preparations in advance, and have a "well-planned" plan for what you want to do, so as to overcome blindness, aimlessness and uncertainty.
Verb (short for verb) homework
1. Be familiar with the text;
2. Preview new lessons.
6. Appreciation of Su Shi's "Gu Zhong Wen Bi Zhu"
The article truly discusses this paragraph and puts forward a very wonderful idea of painting bamboo. This is the origin of the famous idiom "Have a plan". However, the discussion should not be carried out too much, otherwise it will be divorced from the theme of remembering and mourning the dead. So the following immediately pointed out: "and can be taught to do so." It is pointed out that Wen Tong, the author of Yan Gu Yan Zhu, was mourned and mourned. It was Wen Tong who told Su Shi this way. Su Shi is also a poet and painter. He and Wen Tong have established a profound friendship, not only because they are friends and relatives, but also because they share the same political inclination and artistic hobbies. They write articles to answer questions, sing with poems, and draw with bamboo. Wen Tong's thought of painting bamboo is actually Su Shi's thought. Su Shi once described the process of painting after drinking in a friend's house in a poem Guo Zui painted a bamboo cliff ... "The jejunum is full of wine, and the liver and lungs are full of bamboo stones. If you want to do something, you can't go back and spit on your snow turtle wall. " It means that after drinking a little wine, my mood becomes excited, which arouses my interest in painting. It seems that bamboo and stones have grown in my stomach. I want to show them and draw them on my friend's snow-white wall. This is talking about "having a plan in mind", having creative impulse, being inspired and unable to control myself. Su Shi also said in his poem, "Swim in the sunset mountain ..." That sentence, "It is urgent to write a poem, and it is difficult to copy it after the scenery is lost". It is a bit slow to write a poem as quickly as chasing a fugitive and quickly describe the scenery in front of you. Once the scenery disappears, it cannot be described. This is like painting bamboo, "vibrating directly to catch up with what you see, like a rabbit falling." It must be good at capturing images and displaying them in time. In fact, the principle of painting and poetry is the same, emphasizing the vividness of images rather than pursuing the form of external bodies. As we have said before, Su Shi said in the poem "Drawing Branches in the Master Book of King Yanling": "On the similarity of paintings, it can be seen that they are adjacent to children. Poetry must be this poem, it must be a poet. " He pointed out that paying attention to the similarity of appearance in painting is equivalent to children's common sense. If you still ask to write poetry, then this person must not understand poetry. The hook method of bamboo painting, "step by step, leaves are tired", is to strive for similarity, while the ink painting method advocates "planning" and then-waving, in order to strive for spiritual likeness and express the expression of bamboo through the complete image of bamboo. From these artistic points of view, Su Shi's "Ode to Wen Tong" is no different from a literary sketch ... Su Shi's essays and sketches often have this feature.
Of course, Su Shi is very modest. He said that Wen Tong told him these artistic opinions. Moreover, he also said, "You can't give it, but your heart knows why." He said that although he understood what Wen Tong said, he couldn't actually do it. Why? Su Shi explained it this way: "The husband knows what he is, but he can't. There is a difference between inside and outside, and his heart and hand don't correspond. He didn't learn much. " Here, "there is a difference between the inside and the outside" and "the heart and hand don't correspond" have the same meaning. "Inner" refers to people's thoughts, what they think in their hearts, and understanding some truth; "Exterior" refers to the expression of people's thoughts, that is, what they draw in their hands is done according to the principle of understanding, and the image formed through observation and conception is farewell to pen and ink. Thought and behavior can't be unified, that is, "there are differences inside and outside, and the heart and hands don't correspond", because of "not learning", that is, lack of exercise and practice. This is the "unfamiliar fuck" mentioned below. Su Shi then pointed out: "Therefore, anyone who is not familiar with the language of China can live in peace and see clearly, but how can he not see what is happening?" "Seeing from the heart" means understanding from the heart, and "unfamiliar" means that it can't be used in practice. The result of "knowing what is in the middle but not knowing much" must be "seeing clearly in a calm place, but suddenly losing it in front of something". I usually feel that I know something very clearly, but when it comes to doing it, I can't grasp it completely, and suddenly there is nothing. As long as you don't learn and practice, everything you do is the result, not just painting bamboo! Su Shi actually talked about the relationship between artistic theory and artistic practice here, and he also mentioned the general epistemological principle to emphasize the importance of practice. This is the supplement and deepening of the above discussion about "having an answer", and it is also the heartfelt words of an artist who has deep attainments in poetry, ci, prose, calligraphy and painting. Su Shi pointed out from his own point of view that because he didn't learn, his heart and hands were different. The implication is that while affirming Wen Tong's artistic theory, he further affirms that his artistic practice is "familiar", so he is handy and fluent. The article always revolves around the theme of remembering and mourning Wen Tong. So here's a quote from others praising Wen Tong to prove it. "It is a legacy, saying,' I am a mechanic, I am a cow solver, and the health care person takes it; The wheel is flat, so is the wheel, and the reader is with it. Now that the owner entrusts it to Sizhu, isn't it evil to give it a proper way? "'Ziyou' is the word of Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe. Zhu Mo Fu is Su Zhe's Fu for Wen Tong's Zhu Mo Tu. With the tone of "guest" in Fu, this paper gives two examples of superb ancient skills to illustrate Wen Tong's skill of painting ink and bamboo, and shows that he understands the universal laws of things. These two people, one is my husband. Dong, Ding, who is in charge of kitchen affairs, is the name of this person. According to Master Zhuangzi, my master is good at killing cattle. He is very familiar with the bones and blood vessels of cattle. He picked up a knife to divide the cattle. His voice is beautiful and his movements are beautiful. He doesn't damage tools or spend energy. Wen Huijun saw his operation and listened to his conversation before he understood the truth of "keeping in good health". The other person's name is Lun Ping. Wheels are people who use knives and axes to cut wood to make wheels. Ping is the name of this person. According to Zhuangzi Heaven, Debate is good at making wheels. He knows how to cut wood with a knife and axe, but only he gets the message and can't express it. Based on this experience, he thinks that all the books read by Huan Gong are the dross of the ancients, which means that some truths can only be understood by personal practice. Duke Huan didn't listen at first, but later admitted that he was right. In this "Zhu Mo Fu", Su Zhe made Wen a skillful craftsman and a round flat wheel. He believes that Wen Tong has a superb talent for painting bamboo, but painting bamboo is only a kind of sustenance. He is actually a person who understands and grasps the laws of things. Su Shi quoted Su Zhe's words to recognize the ease and fluency of Wen Tong's bamboo painting from the height of "Tao", rather than staying in the painting technique itself. But Su Shi also pointed out: "Ziyou never painted. So, I only get what I want. If I give it, I can only get what I want and get the law. "Because Su Zhe can't draw, he can only comment in general, and Su Shi himself is a painter. He can not only understand that Wen Tong is a "Taoist" person by drawing bamboo, but also master the method of drawing bamboo by Wen Tong. Here, the previous discussion about painting bamboo ended with the sentence "get the right method"
The above is the first paragraph of the article, which spoke highly of Wen Tong's idea and practice of painting bamboo. The second paragraph of the article narrates the letters and poems about painting bamboo by writers and Wen Tong, and then greatly appreciates Wen Tong's painting and painting virtue, and attributes it to the title of "Yan Gu Yan Zhu".
At the beginning of the second paragraph of the article, it says: "Bamboo that can be painted is not expensive at first. People from all corners of the country are invited by others and step on the door. And disgusting, throw it on the ground and scold:' I will miss socks.' Scholar-officials thought it was a reliable story and passed it on. "Su Su" is a thin white silk used for writing and painting. Nie, use your feet. The truth of the word is the word. These words mean that Wen Tong didn't pay much attention to his bamboo paintings at first. When someone asked, he promised to paint for them. Later, more and more people from all directions stepped on their feet and asked to paint. Wen Tong was bored and threw silk on the ground, saying that they were used to make socks, which showed extreme contempt. Scholars and bureaucrats regard him as a talk. Su Shi wrote that Wen Tong painted bamboo, demanding that the painter "enter the door with his feet" and was loved and valued by people. Wen Tong painted bamboo "and was thrown all over the floor to find a curse". Wen Tong refused to pretend to be a painter. He painted bamboo as a secular entertainment, seeking fame and reputation. Wentong refused to draw bamboo for people easily, but joked with Su Shi and invited people to find Su Shi to draw bamboo. Su Shi described it this way, "Yong can return to Yangzhou, and she is Xuzhou, so the book can stay for a long time." I am a scholar-bureaucrat: My school in Zhu Mo is near Pengcheng, so I can ask it. Socks should be pulled from children. " At the end of the book, I copied a poem and said briefly,' I plan to sweep a section of goose creek silk to get a cold tip ten thousand feet long.' "In the winter of the tenth year of Xining (AD 1077), Wen Tong returned to Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, after serving in Yangzhou. At this time, Su Shi was the magistrate in Pengcheng, Xuzhou. Wen Tong wrote a letter to Su Shi from Bianjing in Xuzhou, saying that he told the literati at that time that his ink and bamboo painting had recently spread to Pengcheng. Scholars and bureaucrats can ask Su Shi for ink and bamboo paintings. In this way, the materials of silk and socks are concentrated in Su Shi. Of course, this is a joke, but we can see the close relationship between Wentong and Su Shi, and it also shows that Su Shi and Wentong's skill in painting ink bamboo is indeed "in line with the law". Su Shi's brief quotations from two poems attached to Wen Tong's letter fully confirmed this point. Goose creek silk is the silk produced by Goose Creek. Goose Creek is located in Yanting County, Sichuan Province. The silk produced here is white, even and meticulous, which is very suitable for painting. Sweep means writing. Cold bamboo shoots refer to long bamboo branches that do not wither in winter. These two poems reflect Wen Tong's brush and ink bamboo method: bamboo is "empty with a wave of his hand", painted on a short silk, but it has the potential to soar into the sky, so-called "ten thousand feet long". Su Shi also deliberately joked with Wen Tong and said: "He Ke:' Bamboo is 10,000 feet, with 250 pieces of silk. Knowing that the public is tired of writing, I really hope to get this silk. ""It means that it takes 250 silks to draw 10,000 feet of bamboo. At that time, a silk horse was about four feet long. Su Shi said to Wen Tong: I know you are too lazy to write, so give me 250 pieces of silk and draw 10,000 feet of bamboo. "If you can't answer, you will say,' I'm kidding! Is there ten thousand feet of bamboo in the world?' "Wen Tong admitted that he was wrong. There is no bamboo that is 10,000 feet long in the world. Of course, there is no need to draw so many silks, so these silks are not available to Su Shi. But Su Shi insisted. "I was so honest and answered his poem:' There are Chihiro bamboos in the world, and the moon falls in the sky and the shadow is long.' "Su Shi seized Wen Tong's" Ten Thousand Feet Long "as evidence, and thought that there were indeed bamboos in thousands of feet in 1989. Look at the setting moon shining on the bamboo pole. Isn't the bamboo shadow left in the empty court so long? The implication is that another 250 pieces of silk are needed. In this way, if Wentong couldn't answer, he adopted a nearly negative approach. " Perilla argued! However, with 250 silks, I will buy a field and enjoy my old age. ""He admitted that he couldn't argue with Su Shi, but he still refused to give the 250 silks, so he had to save the land for the elderly. Su Shi initially proposed not to draw bamboo, but only silk. Now Wentong doesn't give silk, but he still gives Su Shi a picture of bamboo. "After reading the painting Bamboo in the Valley, I said," This bamboo is several feet long, but it is ten thousand feet long. " "At this point, the article points to the painting" Yan Gu Yan Zhu ". The two poets are also friends and relatives of painters and painters. In fact, they are talking about the art of painting bamboo tacitly for 250 silks. The spiritual essence of "I plan to sweep a piece of silk from Goose Creek to ten thousand feet long" and "There are thousands of bamboos in the world, and there are many shadows in the sunset" is completely consistent, which shows the relationship between life and creation, the difference between artistic beauty and natural beauty, and the refining, concentration, exaggeration and rendering of realistic and objective things by poets and painters in their own works. This is the case with the painting Bamboo in the Valley. The so-called "this bamboo is several feet long, but it has the potential of ten thousand feet."
Because when it comes to the valley, it is natural to explain this place. But Su Shi did not introduce it in isolation, but described an interesting and elegant thing about Wen Tong. "Yunyou Valley is in Yangzhou: you can taste it, and make" Yangzhou Thirty Odes ",one of the Yunyou Valley. Yu:' Hanchuan's bamboo is as cheap as Peng's, and the axe does not spare dragons. The material is poor and greedy, and Weibin has a thousand acres in his chest. "Walking in the valley with my wife, burning bamboo shoots and eating late, sending letters and getting poems, laughing and spitting." Wentong likes to plant flowers and trees and build gardens and pavilions in foreign countries. He once wrote 30 poems about all kinds of scenery. Su Shi also reversed the poems one by one, namely "Thirty Poems of Yangzhou" and "Poems of Su Shi" were "Thirty Poems of Garden Pond in Yangzhou", among which the 24th poem entitled "Yun Dan Valley" was the poem quoted here. The poem describes Wen Tong's love for mountains and bamboo, and he likes to eat bamboo shoots. Hanchuan refers to Yangzhou, because Yangzhou is in the upper reaches of Hanshui River. Hey, this is a bamboo shell. Bamboo is a dragon grandson, so bamboo shoots are called dragons. Wei refers to Weishui, Shaanxi. Historical Records Biography of Borrowing and Breeding once recorded "a thousand acres of bamboo in Weichuan", and the people there were therefore very rich, equivalent to "dry households". Here, "Weibin Ganmu" is borrowed to show that Yangzhou is rich in bamboo. The whole poem means that there are so many tall bamboos in Yangzhou that they are like weeds everywhere. Bamboo shoots were cut off by an axe. Yangzhou, the satrap of Wentong, wanted to be poor and greedy. After eating these bamboo shoots, all the bamboo on that large area of land was put into his stomach. This is also a joke, so Wen Tong opened the envelope and finished reading the poem. At that time, he was having dinner and burning bamboo shoots with his wife in Yumou Valley. He couldn't help laughing, and the rice in his mouth spilled all over the table. This brief description is very vivid, which not only depicts Wen Tong's open-minded and bright ideological character, but also shows the close relationship between Su Shi and him, but more importantly, it highlights Wen Tong's moral character. "Poor" in Zhizhou, eating bamboo shoots, is to write about its incorruptibility, cooking with his wife at night, and writing about its wildness, while "Wei Bin has a thousand acres in his chest" takes care of the previous argument that "painting bamboo must be in his chest first", and writes his own theory of painting bamboo through interesting and elegant things with humorous style.