Rigveda is a collective work, including 1028 songs or divine comedy written by different authors in different periods, divided into 10 volumes. The authors are all hereditary Brahmin priests. Before the 7th century, there was no written record in ancient India. 10 volume The Divine Comedy was handed down from generation to generation, and it was recorded in later generations.
Rigveda reflects the Aryans' conquest of nature, the conquest of aliens, and the real history of their social life and ideology. Aryans are a nomadic tribe, and they were in the transitional period from clan commune to slavery before and after conquering India. At that time, irresistible natural phenomena made them feel small, so they personified natural phenomena, worshipped them and longed for their blessings. The priest who presided over this kind of sacrifice divided the universe into three realms: heaven, earth and air, with 1 1 gods in each realm and 33 gods in the three realms. In Rigveda, the author wrote many hymns for these immortals. Among the gods, Indra, Ayani and Sumo held the highest position and praised them the most.
Indra is the God of War and Thor, and Aryans regard him as the highest god. There are about 250 poems praising him in Rigveda, accounting for 1/4 of the total poems. Indra is depicted as a tall man with golden skin and beard in this poem. Holding a golden steel pestle, he made a thunderous sound when walking, and the strong wind aroused shocked the world with great power. He fixed the shaking earth, stabilized the bumpy mountains, extended a huge hand and broadened the sky. He expelled Dasa, killed the monster in the river, and protected the interests of Aryans with unparalleled strength.
Ayani is second only to Indra, with more than 200 poems praising it. Jenny is a personified god who sacrifices fire. He has a bright red beard, a pointed chin and glittering gold teeth. The flames from his mouth are like roaring waves, and smoke billows into the sky. His voice is like thunder in the sky. In the eyes of Aryans, Ani is the god who protects the interests of their family. According to the poem, he invited the gods to the Aryans' homes, wiped out the Aryans' enemies, brought them endless wealth, and made their family heroes come forth in large numbers and become famous far and wide.
Sumo is Dionysus, a plant personified god named Sumo. This plant has an exciting effect. In the poem praising him, it is said that the fragrant sumo can cure all diseases, and not only mortals, but also immortals in the sky drink it to keep fit. Aryans are full of energy after drinking sumo and are invincible on the battlefield. Sumo gods in poetry often appear as warriors, holding bows and arrows and shooting enemies.
Besides praising gods, Rigveda also contains some poems praising natural scenery, which are often endowed with human characteristics. In this poem, the sun is compared to a white horse and a bull running in the sky. It illuminates heaven and earth with flame-like light, dispels darkness, and forces the stars to flee like thieves. There are also some poems that reflect the social labor situation, such as saying that farmers "tied yokes to plowshares, sowed seeds in furrows, and waved sickles to meet the harvest if the carols came true", vividly reappearing the whole process of labor of the people in ancient India.
When praising the gods and natural scenery, Rigveda often uses metaphors and exaggerated artistic techniques to frankly express the author's surprise, admiration and awe, reflecting that the author has a certain aesthetic vision and descriptive ability for natural and social phenomena.
Pear from Veda also includes weddings, funerals, entertainment, love and witchcraft, which reflects all aspects of Aryan social life and records the earliest social system, customs, philosophical thoughts and astronomical geography in ancient India. So it can be said to be the earliest encyclopedia in ancient India.