Guan Ju
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
translate
Guan Guan and Ming's pheasant doves are accompanied by small and medium-sized rivers. That beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Uneven shepherd's purse, from left to right. That beautiful and virtuous woman wants to pursue her when she wakes up.
I can't get it when I pursue it, and I always miss her day and night. I miss you so much that I can't sleep.
Pick the shepherd's purse from left to right. The beautiful and virtuous woman approached her by playing the harp.
Rugged shepherd's purse, pulled from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings bells and drums to please her.
To annotate ...
(1) Guanguan: Onomatopoeia, the corresponding calls of male and female birds. A kind of waterfowl, namely Wang Yao.
(2) Mainland: land in water.
(3) My Fair Lady: a virtuous and beautiful woman. Gentle and graceful, with a beautiful figure. Hum, profound, metaphor for the spiritual beauty of women; Beauty is beautiful, which refers to the beauty of women's appearance. Shu, kind and kind.
(4) a good wife (H. Ocho): a good spouse. Qiu, the foreign word of "hatred", is consistent.
5] Uneven: Uneven appearance. Xìng: aquatic plants. Round leaves and thin stems, rooted in the bottom of the water, leaves floating on the water, edible.
[6] Flow from left to right: Choose leeks from left to right. Here, we try our best to get shepherd's purse, which is a metaphor for "gentlemen" trying to pursue "ladies" Flow, meaning the same as "seeking", here refers to picking. One: refers to shepherd's purse.
(7) wake up and sleep. Refers to day and night. Hey, wake up. Sleep, sleep. In addition, Ma said in the notes and annotations of Biography of Mao Poetry: "Sleeping is still a dream." It is also barrier-free.
Clever: missing. Here, think about it. Mao Chuan: "Take it and think about it."
⑼ You are not u zā i: It means "you are long", which means long. I miss you all the time. Leisure, perception, thinking. See Guo Pu's note in Er Ya Shi Shi. Ah, modal particles. Youyou, I still say "Miss, Miss".
⑽ tossing and turning: tossing and turning can't sleep. Rolling, exhibition of ancient figures. Zhanzhuan, that is, opposite. On the other hand, it is still a rollover.
⑾ Friends of harps: Play the piano and get close to her. Qin and Qin are both stringed instruments. Piano with five or seven strings, harp with twenty-five or fifty strings. Friend: Used as a verb to express closeness here. This sentence is about getting close to "ladies" with harps and harps.
⑿ (gross): choose, choose.
[13] Bell and drum music: Playing music with a clock makes her happy. Making ... fun.
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Nan Zhou Guanju is a short poem of national style, which occupies a special position in the history of China literature. It is also the first book in The Book of Songs, the oldest book in China literature. Although judging from the nature, some fairy tales should have been produced earlier, as written records, it is a late thing. Therefore, we can almost say that when we open the history of China literature, the first thing that catches our eye is Guan Ju.
It is not known whether the editors of The Book of Songs have any intention in the arrangement of poems. But at least the understanding of later generations does not actually think that Guan Yu was randomly arranged from the beginning. The Analects of Confucius mentioned the Book of Songs many times, but the only work that made a concrete evaluation was Guanju, which was called "Happiness without lewdness, sadness without injury". In his view, Guan Ju is a model to show the virtue of the "golden mean". The Han Confucian Preface to Mao Poetry also said: "The wind rises, so the wind prevails in the world, and couples are right. Therefore, it is used by the villagers and used by the country. " This involves an ancient ethical thought of China: in the eyes of the ancients, husband and wife are the beginning of human relations, and all moral perfection in the world must be based on the virtue of husband and wife. The author of Preface to Mao Poetry thinks that Guan Ju has exemplary significance in this respect, so it is listed as "the beginning of Feng". And it can be used to influence the world, not only for "villagers", that is, ordinary people, but also for "nations", that is, the ruling class.
In fact, the content of Guan Yu is very simple. It's about a gentleman's pursuit of a lady. If he doesn't get a lady, he will be upset and can't sleep over and over. I was very happy when I got a "lady". I invited people to play music to celebrate and make the "lady" happy. The identity of the characters in the works is very clear: "gentleman" is a general term for nobles in the era of the Book of Songs, and this "gentleman" occupies a considerable position in preparing the music of harps, bells and drums. I used to interpret this poem as a "folk love song", but I'm afraid it's wrong. It should describe the life of the aristocratic class. Besides, it's good to say it's a love poem, but I'm afraid it's not an ordinary love poem. It turned out to be a wedding song, which was praised by the man's family and wished the bride a happy marriage. Many ballads in The Book of Songs, National Style, have both general lyrical significance and entertainment functions, and are also practical in etiquette. But there are also some poems that are considered ordinary songs, just because later generations don't know their original uses. It is also appropriate to sing Guan Ju as a wedding song, from My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good, to male prostitute, Bells and Drums.
Of course, this poem itself still appears in the form of a love song in which a man pursues a woman. The reason for this is probably related to the fact that the man is the active party in the general marriage relationship. Even in modern times, when a girl has a crush on a boy, she always has to wait for him to speak first, especially in the ancients. Marry a bride and come back, then praise her as a beautiful and virtuous girl and a good spouse of a gentleman, and say that she once missed her so much and was lovesick, which must please the bride very much. Then, in a piece of music, our feelings are close to each other, and a happy marriage begins here. Even from the emotional structure of poetry, there are some twists and turns in the middle, from thinking of a wife when meeting Guan Yu to forming a good piano, chess and calligraphy: hard-won things are particularly valuable and enjoyable.
This poem can be regarded as a model to show the virtues of husband and wife, mainly because of these characteristics: first, the love it writes has a clear marriage purpose from the beginning, and finally comes down to the happiness of marriage, rather than a short encounter or a temporary passion between young men and women. This kind of love, which clearly points to marriage and shows responsibility, is more recognized by society. Secondly, it describes both men and women as "gentlemen" and "ladies", indicating that this is a combination associated with virtue. "Gentleman" has both status and virtue, while "My Fair Lady" also means beauty in appearance and goodness in virtue. The combination of "gentleman" and "lady" here represents an ideal of marriage. Third, it is the restraint of love behavior written in poetry. After careful reading, it can be noted that although this poem is about the man's pursuit of the woman, it does not involve direct contact between the two sides at all. Of course, the "lady" didn't move, and the "gentleman" was just "tossing and turning" there alone. Things like climbing walls and breaking willows didn't seem to be thought of at all, and love was very disciplined. Such a kind of love, which is not only true affection (which is very important for love poems), but also shows peace and moderation, will not be too intense for readers. All these characteristics are probably related to the fact that this poem was originally a noble wedding song. On that occasion, an atmosphere of restraint and joy commensurate with the status of the host is needed. Confucius saw a kind of beauty of neutralization with wide significance, which advocated his attitude towards life of self-denial and self-respect, and attached importance to moral cultivation. Preface to Mao Poetry promoted it as a moral textbook that can "make the world right". The perspectives of the two are somewhat different, but there are still fundamental similarities.
There are profound reasons why ancient Confucian scholars attached importance to the virtue of husband and wife. In the first sense, the family is the basic unit of social organization. In ancient times, the harmony and stability of this basic unit was of great significance to the harmony and stability of the whole social order. In the second sense, the so-called "husband and wife virtue" actually refers to all aspects related to men and women. "eat drink man woman, man's greatest desire is survival" (Li Yun, Book of Rites), and Confucius also knows that this is the basic requirement of human survival. The desire to eat and drink is relatively simple (of course, there must be food first), while the emotional activities triggered by men's and women's desires are much more complicated, active and intense, which is also much more harmful to living standards and social order. Confucius once lamented: "I have never seen such a good virtue as lust." (The Analects of Confucius) Therefore, all restraint and self-cultivation must first start from the desires of men and women. This is of course necessary, but how much restraint is appropriate is a complex issue, which involves the integration of social material production level, political structure, cultural tradition and other factors, as well as the changes of times conditions. When a society tries to take a completely negative attitude towards individual rights, severe prohibition will first appear in this respect. On the contrary, when a society is in a period of change and the old moral norms are destroyed, this will happen first. Back to Guanju, it praises a kind of love with restrained feelings, cautious behavior and harmonious marriage. Therefore, Confucianism believes that this is a good model and a textbook for "married couples" to guide extensive virtues.
Because Guan Ju not only admits that the love between men and women is a natural and normal feeling, but also demands that this feeling be restrained to conform to social virtues, later generations often take what they need and extend it, while people who resist the inhuman oppression of feudal ethics often advocate the right to satisfy their personal feelings under the banner of Guan Ju's authority. The so-called "poetry can't reach the truth" can be seen in Guan Ju.
Expansion: On the Book of Songs Guan Ju
Guanju is the first article in The Book of Songs, National Style and Nan Zhou.
Guan Heming's osprey, accompanied by the small continent of the river. A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her.
If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day. Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again.
Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple.
Pull shepherd's purse from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her.
This is a widely circulated poem, and the understanding of it is different. The most superficial analysis is a poem describing the love between men and women. Recently, after reading Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface of Mao Poetry, I feel that The Book of Songs is not limited to the description of love between men and women. Here, first of all, I will introduce Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface of Mao Poetry. The earliest poem written by China is The Book of Songs, and its spread is attributed to Mao Heng and Scarlett. Mao Heng, a native of the Warring States, gave a systematic explanation of The Book of Songs, and wrote the book Justice of Mao Poetry, which was later passed on to his nephew Scarlett. Li Mao explained the Book of Songs and later wrote Shi Mao. Some Confucian scholars from the pre-Qin to the Western Han Dynasty gave a detailed explanation to every article of Shi Mao, so it was called Preface to Shi Mao. Preface to Shi Mao is China's first monograph on poetry theory. This paper summarizes some important understandings of Confucianism on poetry since the pre-Qin period, which can be said to be a summary of Confucian poetics from the pre-Qin period to the Western Han Dynasty.
The poem Guan Ju was written according to Mao Shi Zheng Yi and Mao Shi Xu. The original text of Justice in Shi Mao is Guan Ju, The Virtue of Empresses and The Poet of Guan Ju. Who said anything about the virtue of empresses? Qu yue said,' the princess of the son of heaven is the queen.' Cloud note:' latecomers are latecomers.' Managing internal affairs ranks second to husband. "Interpretation" said:' Princess, you are better than me.' Words speak louder than words. The wife of the son of heaven is only called Houer. The princess is a generic term, so it is said that the princess is worthy. Virtue, also, complacent in the body, the total name of people. In this article, it is said that sexual harmony, devotion to chastity and devotion to duty are also the virtues of empresses. "。 It shows that this poem describes the virtue of Zhou Wenwang's empresses and introduces what empresses are in detail.
"Preface to Mao Poetry" originally said: "Guan Ju, the virtue of empresses, is also the beginning of' wind', so the wind prevails in the world and couples are right, so it is used by the country. Wind', wind also, teaching also. The wind moves it and teaches it. Poet, ambition also. Have ambition in your heart and speak like a poem. Emotion moves in the middle, but the form is in words; It is not enough to say it, so it is a sigh; Lack of lamentation, so singing; Lack of singing is not the same as dancing with hands. The vernacular interpretation of this passage is: "The Poem of Guan Ju is a poem praising the virtue of empresses. It is the beginning of "national style" and a poem that exhorts people all over the world to correct men and women, so it is used by the people, the country and the teaching. Wind is' satire' and' teaching'. Satire is euphemistic advice to impress people, and teaching is aboveboard education. Poetry is where people's emotions lie, is the' ambition' in their hearts, and is the beautiful text from' poetry'. Emotions surge in people's hearts and will be expressed through words; If words are not enough to express feelings, use sighs to express them; If sighing is not enough to express feelings, then use singing to express them; If singing is not enough to express feelings, you can't help but express them by dancing.
From the above descriptions in Justice of Mao Poetry and Preface to Mao Poetry, we can see that the Book of Songs is not only a simple description of the love between men and women, but also a description of choosing concubines. According to this clue, we might as well use vernacular to analyze the meaning of Guanju:
The poem Guanju can be divided into three parts. The first part is the rise of poetry, which also explains time, place and people like narration. The poem is called "Qi Xing". The second part describes a gentleman's idea of finding a lady and his ardent dream. The third part describes the happy life of husband and wife after a gentleman finds a lady. The sound of Guanguan bird is a kind of water bird, which is later called Osprey. It is said that this kind of bird will avoid other animals when it is in estrus, unlike other animals who chase it openly. In the state of the river, it refers to an open space in the middle of the water or at the water's edge, where pigeons stop, indicating leisure and demure, not slim. "Shu" means virtuous and kind, and "autumn" means matching, indicating that you want a virtuous and kind queen, and using pigeons as a metaphor. My Fair Lady is a very peaceful, quiet and kind woman. Ragged shepherd's purse is an irregular aquatic plant, which means to help around, and the meaning of flowing here is the same. Because this shepherd's purse used to be used for sacrifice, who can dedicate this shepherd's purse to our ancestors? Only my fair lady. If a woman's virtue is not good, she can't pick leeks and participate in sacrificial activities. "Welcome, I want to sleep. Long, tossing and turning. "
Wen Shenshen Wang reflected and wanted a virtuous and kind empresses. He thinks and meditates day and night, which makes it difficult for him to sleep. He wants to use his sincerity, not for a beautiful woman, but for a virtuous queen to help him manage state affairs. "Shepherd's purse, uneven. My fair lady is my friend. " This is a description of a lady who can be picked up by shepherd's purse Hare and harp are two ancient musical instruments. Playing in harmony together is a metaphor for the harmonious feelings of husband and wife. Here, it is a metaphor for the tacit cooperation between the empresses and King Wen, just like the sound of a harp and a harp, which means shaking hands and helping each other. "Shepherd's purse, uneven. My fair lady, bells and drums are happy. " This poem means to choose to pluck hair. This poem means that the empresses lead other women and choose to collect shepherd's purse to worship in the ancestral temple. Because the empresses have virtue, the ancestral hall praised her virtue with bell and drum instruments.
Therefore, the whole poem tells the story of Zhou Wenwang choosing a concubine. He got a virtuous concubine to help manage state affairs, family and raise children, which was also a standard for the whole country at that time. It is true that the prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty for 800 years is inseparable from the governance of Zhou Wenwang. Therefore, in the troubled times of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Confucius was very sad and hoped to restore Zhou rites and inherit Zhou culture. The wife of a family or a country's empresses, because a woman has influenced two men, that is, her husband and her children, from this point of view, Guan Ju in the Book of Songs does not simply describe the pursuit of love between men and women.