In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on "Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", but he mistakenly won the second place in high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade, and was awarded the title of "First in a Hundred Years" by Fengxiangfu Judge. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed. When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a slope in the east of the city and make up for his livelihood by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. I was promoted to Mr. Sheren in the previous dynasty, Mr. Sheren in Zhongshu three months later, and soon to imperial academy.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But soon, due to political disagreement, Yingzhou was released. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again and was exiled to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong). After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
2. Su Shi's political career, poetry, prose, calligraphy, fine arts and painting, academic research, beauty Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-165438+August 24th, 0).
Han nationality, from Luancheng, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City, Northern Song Dynasty). A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets.
His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting.
3. See Su Shi's achievements from his poems. His father, Su Xun, is what Saint Amethyst called "Su Laoquan".
Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father.
Of course, if Su Xun didn't study hard, Su Shi couldn't get a good tutor in his childhood, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", and it is even more impossible to achieve literary achievements in the future. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was 2 1 year old, left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination of the imperial court.
The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on "Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment", but he mistakenly won the second place in high school. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade, and was awarded the title of "First in a Hundred Years" by Fengxiangfu Judge.
Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.
When he entered the DPRK as an official, it was the time when the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to appear, and the crisis was hidden behind the prosperity. At this time, Zongshen acceded to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law.
The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter against it.
As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Outstanding achievements, won the hearts of the people.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss.
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case. Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded.
Thanks to the national policy of not killing literati during the Mao period in the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Shi escaped. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces).
This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a slope in the east of the city and make up for his livelihood by farming. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately.
Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998.
I was promoted to Mr. Sheren in the previous dynasty, Mr. Sheren in Zhongshu three months later, and soon to imperial academy. As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be."
Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor. So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer.
As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea.
But soon, due to political disagreement, Yingzhou was released. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again and was exiled to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong).
After Hui Zong acceded to the throne, he was transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, Zhou Shuan for permanent resettlement and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title.
At the age of 66.
4. Twenty poems by Su Dongpo, accompanied by appreciation and grace: Huayang Ci, the second rhyme of water and stone, is like a flower but not a flower, and no one regrets it.
Passing through the road from home, thinking is ruthless and thoughtful. It was she who was injured, euphemistically confused, trying to open her mouth but closing it tightly.
Dream with the wind Wan Li, looking for lang, also be warbler. I don't hate this flower flying away, and I hate that the West Garden is difficult to compose.
Where are the traces when it rains? A pool of ping is broken. If the spring scenery is divided into three parts, two of them become dust, and the other part disappears when it falls into the water.
Fine, it seems that it is not easy, it is a crystal tear. For ten years, Jiang Sushi never forgets the dream of the twentieth night of the first month.
A lonely grave thousands of miles away, desolate and nowhere to talk about. Even if we don't know each other, our faces are dusty and our temples are frosty.
When night came, my dream suddenly came home. Xiao Xuan window, get dressed.
Looking after each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears are expected to break the heart every year: moonlit night, short matsuoka.
Note that this is a eulogy. The author vividly reflects his sincere feelings and deep nostalgia for his dead wife by combining his unfortunate experience and infinite feelings in his political career in the past ten years.
When writing this word, the author knows that in Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), his wife Wang Fu died in Kaifeng, Song Yingzong for two years (1065). By this time (Xining eight years), it has been ten years before and after.
The preface before the word clearly points out that the theme of this article is "recalling dreams". However, the dream scene only appears briefly in the next paragraph of the word and does not occupy a dominant position in the whole article.
The reason why the author can enter the hometown of "quiet dreams" is that he can "remember dreams" in words. It is the inevitable result of the author's yearning for his dead wife and long-term unforgettable experience.
So the tragic reality of "ten years of life and death" was pointed out at the beginning. What is written here is the personal sad life experience in the long years.
Student refers to the author; Death means a dead wife. This shows that the living and the dead have missed each other for a long time, but the news is blocked and the voice is slim.
The reason why the author mentioned life and death side by side is not only to clarify the role of the topic, but also to emphasize the sadness of the living, so the words "if you don't think about it, you will never forget" appeared immediately. "Don't think about it" is actually to retreat for progress, just to show the depth of the feeling that the living are "unforgettable".
Immediately add a sentence, "A thousand miles in a lonely grave, nowhere to talk about desolation". Explain the actual content of "unforgettable".
After the death of Wang, he was buried in Meishan, Su Shi's hometown. Naturally, there will be a saying of "a lonely grave of thousands of miles". As a result, it is difficult for the author to even get a chance to pay homage at the grave. The dead are "desolate" and the living are heartbroken.
Ten years is a long time; "A thousand miles" is a vast space. In this long and vast space of time, there is an insurmountable boundary between life and death. How does the author not multiply the sigh of "nowhere to talk"? It is difficult to cross the boundaries of time, space and life and death, so we have to beg for a dream meeting.
The above four sentences paved the way for "remembering dreams". At the end of the last film, three sentences suddenly changed the subject, making progress and retreating, imagining the unexpected consequences of not knowing each other even if they met.
The contents of these three sentences are very many, including the author's ups and downs in his career in the past ten years, the long-term mental torture of his dead wife, and the physical aging in the past ten years. Hypothesis; Even if the boundaries between time, space and life and death are broken, the living and the dead can still "meet", but I'm afraid it's difficult for each other to "get to know each other" when they meet.
Because ten years later, the author is "travel-stained, as cold as ice" and looks like an old man. These three sentences reflect the author's misfortune and great changes in the world in the past ten years (including his three-year life in Beijing after opposing the new law) from the reflection on the imaginary dead.
The next movie is about the sudden appearance of dreams: "When night falls, dreams suddenly come home". As far as the word is concerned.
This article is really Apollo's true feelings. Every sentence is painful, but this sentence contains joy in sadness. Xiao Xuan Window Dressing supplements the above sentence with vivid images, thus making the dream more real.
The author seems to be beside the newly-married king, watching her bathing in the morning light and dressing up in front of the mirror, and her heart is full of sweetness and tenderness. However, the word pen later changed from happy to sad.
"There is nothing to say to each other, only a thousand tears." These two sentences should be "a lonely grave a thousand miles away". Now you can "go home" and it is time to enjoy "bleak words". However, I don't know where to start with a thousand words in my heart, so I had to "help each other" and burst into tears.
These five sentences are the theme of this word: "Remember the dream". It is precisely because dreams are illusory and the artistic conception of the word is somewhat dreamy, so it is impossible and unnecessary for the author to describe it incisively and vividly.
Only in this way can we leave room for readers' imagination. The last three sentences are a sigh after the dream and a comfort to the deceased.
If we associate the first ten years with the uncertain "year after year", isn't the author's memory of his dead wife "and this endless sadness continues"? This article has a noteworthy feature in art, which is straightforward and sincere. Because the author has a deep affection for his dead wife, even ten years after the other person's death, the author still fantasizes about meeting in his dream.
And through the dream (or the part related to the dream), express your true feelings heartily, without taboo or concealment. Words like "I can't forget if I don't think about it", "I have nowhere to say" and "I only care about a thousand lines of tears" all reflect the natural characteristics of direct confession and voicing.
Another feature is rich imagination and ingenious conception. The author gallops through the imagination from a long time and a vast space, and integrates the past, the present, the dream and the future into a unified artistic whole, closely following the words "thinking" and "unforgettable".
The whole word is clear, but it is full of twists and turns. In the first film, there are eight sentences about the memory and emotional ups and downs before writing the dream, the first five sentences are about the sadness and joy in the dream, and the last three sentences are about the sigh after writing the dream.
The plot has ups and downs; With a pen, there are advances and retreats, feelings, sorrows and joys; Do all the twists and turns. Another feature is frank language and pure line drawing.
Because this is a poem that expresses true feelings, the language is also extremely simple and natural, with true feelings. If you understand, there is no trace of carving. This simple language and the staggered use of different sentence patterns (three, four, five, seven words) make this word handsome and sharp, which just shows the author's thoughts and feelings.
It has an inherent sense of rhythm and people's heart that is difficult to produce in ancient poetry and rhythmic poetry.
5. The Times, Politics and Culture of Su Shi's Life The middle of the Northern Song Dynasty was the period of Wang Anshi's political reform in the Northern Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi's political reform aimed at developing production, enriching Qiang Bing and saving the political crisis in the Song Dynasty, with "financial management" and "army consolidation" as the core, involving political, economic, military, social and cultural aspects. It is another massive social reform movement in the ancient history of China after Shang Yang's political reform.
To a certain extent, the political reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, enriched the government's finances, improved the national defense strength, and also cracked down and restricted the illegal profits of the feudal landlord class and big businessmen.
However, in the process of carrying out the reform, due to untimely measures and improper operation in actual implementation, the people's interests have also been damaged to varying degrees (such as the Law on Protecting Horses and the Law on Young Crops), and the new law touches the fundamental interests of the big landlords, so it has been strongly opposed by them. The eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085) ended with the death of Song Shenzong.
Extended data:
Su Shi s cultural achievements;
Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi.
After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of ci, changed ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history.
The transformation of Su Shi's ci is based on his concept of ci and his creative idea of "being unique". Ci has been regarded as "Tao" since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Liu Yong devoted his life to the creation of ci, which promoted the development of ci style, but failed to improve the literary status of ci. Su Shi first broke the concept that poetry is superior to ci in theory.
He believes that poetry is homologous, and the word "is the seedling of poetry". Although there are external differences between poems and words, their artistic essence and expressive function should be the same. So he often compares poetry with poetry. Because he raised the word to the same position as the poem from the stylistic concept, it provided a theoretical basis for the word to move closer to the poetic style and realize the mutual exchange and infiltration between the word and the poem.
Baidu encyclopedia-Wang Anshi's reform
Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi