Du Fu is a great realistic poet, who wrote 1400 poems in his life. His experience and poetry creation can be divided into four periods.
First, the roaming period of reading (before the age of 35)
During this period, he traveled to Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei) and worked in Luoyang. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again.
Second, trapped in Chang' an period (35 to 44 years old)
During this period, Du Fu took the exam in Chang 'an for the first time and came last. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an.
3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old).
When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells".
Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old).
With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing.
Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting". After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu.
1962, Du Fu was born 1250, and Du Fu was listed as one of the world cultural celebrities by the World Peace Council.
Du Fu's poems are highly respected because they reflect the reality and care about the country and people, and have a reputation for poetic history. Among Du Fu's existing 1458 poems, only 24 were written before he entered Beijing at the age of 35. Among them, Wang Yue, Fang Bing Cao Huma's Poems and Painting Eagle are three distinctive poems, which are poems about scenery and things. After entering Beijing, because he was banned from being an official for a long time, he was in a difficult situation and gradually approached the lower class of society, and he was deeply touched by social disadvantages. So he wrote "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", which reflected the social reality in Tianbao period from two extremes. However, such masterpieces are still rare in his poems during his stay in Chang 'an. There are less than 100 poems written in ten years, most of which belong to lyrical and moral works. The Anshi Rebellion broke out, and the pursuit of fame in the past ten years finally came to an end. At this moment, he wrote the famous sentence "From Beijing to Fengxian". The poem "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the road freezes to death" is not only a microcosm of society before the rebels captured Chang 'an, but also contains the poet's own personal sorrow. Personal poverty is connected with the fate of the people, and Du Fu's poetry history has become a generation. Later, he successively wrote Mourning the King Sun, Mourning, Mourning Qing Ban, Mourning Jiang Tou, Northern Expedition, Qiang Village, Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Tongguan Official, Shi Haoguan) and Three Farewell Officials (Newly Married). In Du Fu's later poems, Qinzhou poetry was the turning point, instead of focusing on telling current events directly, he mainly lamented his own life experience, and social current events had faded into the background of appearing and disappearing. However, Du Fu's poems have not lost their historical nature. His famous works include Sufu, Climbing to the Building, Bai Di, Pavilion Night, Climbing to the Top, Autumn Glory, Cherishing Monuments, Climbing to Yueyang Tower and so on. Are intertwined with feelings of worrying about the country and the people. At the same time, there is another kind of works, such as The Guest Has Arrived, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Swallow Overturning, Small Cold Vegetable Overturning, etc. Poetry is graceful, tactful and unobtrusive, which expresses the author's unique feelings of careful observation in daily life. This kind of works, with their rich taste, embodies the author's love for life and is also a treasure in Du Fu's poems.
Du Fu, like Li Bai, had a wide and far-reaching influence on poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and later generations. He is the greatest realistic poet in the history of China literature. Du Fu is recognized as a master of Tang poetry in art, and his achievements in metrical poetry are particularly remarkable, especially in the later period, which can best reflect the typical style of Du Fu's poetry, with meticulous brushwork, high conciseness and elegance, representing the highest achievement of modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty.
There are many annotations to Du Ji in the past dynasties, among which Nine Annotations to Du Ji's Poems in Song Dynasty, Qian Annotated Du Shi in Qing Dynasty, Qiu Annotated Du Shaoling Ji, Pu Qilong's Interpretation and Yang Lun's Complete Poems of Du Shi are the most famous.