Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting.
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Poetry has a wide range of themes, is fresh and bold, makes good use of exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. It is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin";
Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and it is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xi, and it is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia;
He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange bamboo and dead wood.
Li Zhimin commented: "Su Shi's poetry is an all-round master of art."
1. Su Shi's thought of integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism: simplicity, practicality and roundness.
2. Su Shi's literary thoughts: the view of literature and rhetoric.
Su Shi's view of literature and Taoism: paying equal attention to literature and Taoism
Su Shi praised Korean and European prose and inherited their literary theory, but it was very original. He advocates paying equal attention to literature and Taoism, and its basic contents are "Taoism and art", "meaning is the essence of literature" and "writing expresses ambition" He affirmed that the article has independent artistic value, which is not only a tool to carry Tao, but also an advanced form of human spiritual activities. His so-called "Tao" is not limited to Confucianism, but refers to the objective law of the whole thing. He believes that Tao should be experienced in real life, and there is no fixed dogma. Therefore, he advocates that articles should be "liberal, natural and unrestrained" like the objective world.
First, it is very prominent to get involved in social reality and think about the theme of life.
Su Shi's attitude towards various unreasonable phenomena in social reality is "out of date", and he always regards criticizing reality as an important theme of his poems. What is more valuable is that Su Shi's criticism of society is not limited to the New Deal or the present. He criticized the long-standing abuses and bad habits in feudal society, and embodied a deeper critical consciousness.
Second, be good at summing up experience from life experience and seeing laws from objective things. In his eyes, ordinary life content and natural scenery contain profound truth.
For example, two poems, titled Xilin wall, the river is Mianchi nostalgia. In these poems, natural phenomena rise to philosophy, and the perception of life is also transformed into rational thinking. What is particularly commendable is that the philosophy in poetry is naturally expressed through vivid and distinctive artistic images, rather than through logical deduction or discussion and analysis. This kind of poem is both beautiful and interesting, worthy of the name. "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain" and "Snow Mud Red Claw" became a popular idiom as soon as they came out, which shows that Su Shi's reasonable poems are widely loved. There are many similar works in Su Shi's poems, such as "Around the Sangha Pagoda", "Drinking Spring Rain after Chu Qing on the Lake" and "Cihu Windward". Su Shi is very insightful, so he can find wonderful ideas everywhere.
Third, the profound life thinking makes Su Shi take a calm and broad-minded attitude towards ups and downs. This is fully reflected in Su Shi's poems.
Su Shi's poems in adversity certainly contain weeping, resentment and depression, but Su Shi shows more contempt for suffering and transcending crying.
Fourth, the innovative spirit is amazing, the expressive force is amazing, and the subject matter is extensive.
Su Shi has profound knowledge, mastered the artistic skills of poetry to the point of perfection, and has an amazing spirit of innovation in treating artistic norms. Moreover, the expressive force of Su Shi's poems is amazing, and there is almost no theme that Su Shi's poems can't contain.
Fifth, the theme is wide, the forms are diverse, and the emotional connotation has strong artistic compatibility.
Su Shi's poems are outstanding in the dimensions of broad subject matter, diverse forms and deep feelings. More importantly, Su Shi has a strong artistic compatibility, and he did not push a certain style to the status of a statue in theory and creation.
First, the status of Ci has been greatly improved by the concept of "unity of poetry and style" and the creative proposition of "one family".
It is believed that poetry is in the same strain, which theoretically breaks the concept that poetry is superior to poetry, and provides a theoretical basis for poetry to move closer to poetic style and realize the mutual exchange and infiltration between poetry. Advocating that words should be "family"; Pursuing magnificent style and broad artistic conception, the quality of ci is consistent with the quality of people, and writing ci should be like writing poetry.
Second, expand the expressive function of words and open up the realm of words.
1, express your true temperament and unique life feelings, and create masculine lofty words full of enterprising spirit, lofty ideals, passion and vitality, such as "Hunting in Mizhou by Jiang Shenzi".
2. It expresses the rational thinking about the fate of life and strengthens the philosophical implication of the poetic context. Such as: "Dingfengbo"
3. Described the author's daily communication, reading, ploughing, hunting and sightseeing, and further displayed the magnificent scenery of nature.
Thirdly, by "taking poetry as words", the expression of poetry is transplanted into words to change the style of writing.
1, a large number of titles and prefaces are used to form an inseparable organic unity with the text. Or explain the creative motivation and origin of ci, such as Shuidiao Getou, or supplement the ci in content, such as Dingfengbo, which enriches and deepens the aesthetic connotation of ci.
2. A large number of allusions are used to enrich and develop the expressive techniques of Ci, making Ci an independent lyric style.
Su Shi has made extraordinary achievements in the creation of ci. As far as the development of a style itself is concerned, the historical contribution of Su Ci has surpassed that of Su Wen and Su Shi. After Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of ci style, and finally broke through the traditional pattern of "Ke Yan", improved the literary status of ci, changed ci from an accessory of music to an independent lyric style, and fundamentally changed the development direction of ci history.
1, opening up the realm of ci is the main direction of Su Shi's reform of ci style. He extended the traditional feminine words to masculine and lofty sentiments, and the traditional love words to temperament words, making the words poetic and fully expressing the author's temperament and personality.
2, unconstrained style, graceful, spacious and beautiful style.
Su Shi let ambitious people full of enterprising spirit, lofty ideals and passion into the world of ci, changed the original feminine artistic conception of ci, and set a precedent for new poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.
3. Put forward the idea that "the word is a family".
First, Su Shi broke the concept of bad words in theory. He believes that poetry is homologous and the word "is the descendant of poetry". Although poems and words are different in appearance, their artistic essence and expressive function should be the same. So he often compares poetry with poetry. Because he raised the word to the same position as the poem from the stylistic concept, it provided a theoretical basis for the word to move closer to the poetic style and realize the mutual exchange and infiltration between the word and the poem.
Pursuing magnificent style and broad artistic conception, the quality of words should be consistent with the characters, and the lyrics should express their true temperament and unique life feelings like writing poems. Pay equal attention to the integrity of the article.
Practice has proved that you can't write words without your heart.
Ci, like poetry, has the function of fully expressing social life and real life. Because Su Shi expanded the expressive function of Ci, enriched the emotional connotation of Ci, expanded the temporal and spatial scenes of Ci, improved the artistic taste of Ci, and introduced Ci into the literary hall in an upright manner, which made Ci rise from a "path" to a lyric style with the same status as poetry.
5. The skill of "taking poetry as words"
"Poetry as Ci" is Su Shi's main weapon to change the style of Ci. The so-called "taking poetry as a word" is to transplant the expression of poetry into words. The success of Su Shi's ci lies in two aspects: preface and postscript and allusion. Language is very poetic.
6, the use of preface and allusions:
With the title and word order, it is not only convenient to explain the writing time, place and source of words, but also enrich and deepen the aesthetic connotation of words. The extensive use of allusions in Ci also began with Su Shi. The use of allusions in ci is not only an alternative and centralized narrative way, but also a tortuous and profound lyric way. Su Ci used a lot of prefaces, postscripts and allusions, which enriched and developed the expressive techniques of Ci, and had a great influence on the development of Ci in later generations.
7. Break through the bondage of melody.
In the relationship between ci and music, it broke the tradition that ci was attached to music, and made ci an independent lyric tool.
Su Shi's "Poetry as Ci" is essentially to break through the restriction and bondage of music on Ci, and make Ci become an independent lyric style from the accessory of music. Su Shi writes ci mainly for people to see, while Dont Ask For Help sings, so he pays attention to the freedom of expressing emotions, although he also abides by the rhythm of ci without being bound by it. For this reason, Su Shi wrote his lyrics with great composure, even though he occasionally disagreed with the musical norms. It is the poems that make Su Ci show rich passion, rich imagination and changeable and colorful language style. Among Su Shi's 362 existing poems, although most of them are still close to the traditional graceful and feminine style, a considerable number of works reflect the new style of being bold and unrestrained, rain or shine, such as When is the bright moon?
8. The language style of Su Ci is fresh and simple.
He absorbed the essence of ancient language in many aspects, used the words of predecessors, and also used slips of the tongue and function words to enrich the expressive force of words.
9. Diversification of Su Ci's style
There are both bold and unconstrained, graceful and restrained, and broad-minded attitude towards life.
In addition to graceful and restrained, Su Shi also created a large number of bold words, created a bold style of words, and promoted the change of the style of words. We generally think that Su Shi's bold words can express his generosity with the help of magnificent images and grand artistic conception. Su Shi's bold and unconstrained artistic style is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, he integrates passionate and even sad passion into his poems; Second, when writing about people, reciting scenery and things, win with generous and heroic image, magnificent momentum and vast and magnificent scenes; Third, it is famous for its bold and unrestrained tone. Su Shi took poetry as his ci, and transplanted the expressive techniques of poetry into his ci. Dongpo's ci uses a lot of word order, allusion and sentence conversion. Su Shi's lyrics broke through the bondage of temperament. The language style of Su Ci is fresh and simple. He absorbed the essence of ancient languages in many ways, and enriched the expressive power of words with the words of predecessors, slips of the tongue and function words. The diversification of Su Ci's style lies not only in its boldness and gracefulness, but also in its broad-minded attitude towards life.